广域测量系统的延迟分析及其测试

简要介绍了电力系统中基于全球定位系统／相量测量单元的广域测量／监视系统(WAMS)的体系结构,分析了延迟产生的机制并指出了影响实时性的主要因素,提出广域测量系统的延迟评估模型;根据评估模型建立了基于TCP／IP协议广域网络下的WAMS通信延迟测试方法;通过实测获得了基于国家电力数据网(SPDNet)的WAMS的通信延迟特性。根据该延迟评估模型和测试体系,能够有效、合理地进行WAMS的相量测量单元优化选点和通信布局的权衡,并进一步为广域实时动态监测和控制奠定基础。     

A More Realistic Model of Centralized Automatic Generation Control in Real-time Environment

In this article, a more realistic model of centralized automatic generation control is proposed. Conventional centralized control model does not consider the effect of communication delays between the control center and generating units of the plant. These delays degrade the dynamic performance of automatic generation control or may even lead to unstable system. The proposed model incorporates the effect of these communication delays present in an automatic generation control system. The global controller has been developed for the proposed centralized control model. This global controller requires information of all states of the power system model. The proposed model has been investigated in the real-time environment, done with the help of three personal computers connected in series by Ethernet cables, called the real-time three-personal computer system. The novelty of this is that it is maintenance free, robust, and negligible in cost compared to real-time simulator kits available in the market. In summary, the proposed model of centralized automatic generation control is more realistic, incorporates the effect of communication delays, and investigated in the real-time environment. A novel real-time simulator (real-time three-personal computer system) developed is very cost effective. The results of proposed centralized control model are compared with the conventional centralized control model.     

Wide Area Monitoring System based on the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) for event identification

Smart grids are one of the most essential infrastructure components in the world today. Power systems have been becoming more and more complex, as a result of a considerable variety of new components being added, such as High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and power electronic devices, and numerous recent technologies continually being put into application, such as distributed generation. In recent years, wide-area voltage and frequency measurements are used to identify different events that occur in power systems. One of the most important events is the generator trip identification. This event could be easily identified as a sudden drop in both the system voltage level and frequency. On the other hand, high-speed, reliable and scalable data communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of wide-area voltage and frequency measurements. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), the 3G standard for mobile communication networks, was developed to provide high speed data transmission with reliable service performance for mobile users. Therefore, UMTS is considered a promising solution for providing a communication infrastructure for WAMS. 3G based EWAMS (Egyptian Wide Area Monitoring System) is designed and implemented in Egypt through deployment a number of Frequency Disturbance Recorders (FDRs) devices on a live 220 kV/500 kV Egyptian grid to identify the location of tripped generator in the power system. WAMS systems are used for both off-line studies and real-time applications. An important feature of these systems is their ability to provide continuous dynamic measurements that are precisely time synchronized across the power system. With real-time WAMS, the continuous measurements feed out as a data stream which can be applied to on-line applications such as monitoring and control. This paper focuses on developing an efficient and reliable wide area voltage and frequency measurements through UMTS mobile communication technology in addition to the analysis these measurements using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to determine a specific signature and properties for each tripped generator in the power system network.     

Sequential design of a decentralized control structure for power system stabilizers

In this paper, a new procedure is developed for designing power system stabilizers under the constraint of sequential stability. This constraint is an important feature of a large scale decentralized control and deals with the property of a design technique that allows the controllers to be adjusted one at a time such that the system remains stable at all times. This constraint is due to the impossibility to adjust all decentralized controllers to the power system simultaneously (due to unavoidable delays in the communication system). The procedure adopts a linearized model of the power system in the state space representation. The stabilizing signal requires the linear feedback of the local variables only. The suggested design procedure is tested on the standard New England 39-bus system.     

中国电力中国电力通信要创新机制，向新一代公共电信运营公司方向转变

概要总结世界电力通信改革和发展的总体趋势,指出为应对加入WTO,中国电力通信要创新机制,向新一代公共电信运营公司PTO方向转变;分析比较世界信息网络技术及其体系结构的最新发展;建议中国电力通信网发展应以一代IP技术为基础,建设以IPoverDWDM密集波分复用技术为核心的电力信息基础设施PII;强调并提出要抓住机遇,充分利用电网资源,加快建设PII,要有创新机制,以促进中国电力工业实施多元化发展战略目标的实现。     

基建现场巡检无人机智能感知系统的研究与应用

为了解决当前基建现场管控工作具有检查项多、内容复杂、参与方多、时间跨度大、问题发生不规律以及基建现场通信条件较差或无通信信号的问题,构建了基于无人机巡检的智能感知系统。利用无人机充当基建现场巡检智能感知监测系统的"信息采集器",与由3G/4G通信网络、微波通信网络、激光通信装置组成的"信息传输网络"相结合,构建基建现场巡检智能感知监测系统,以达到基建现场远程实时视频、图像、温度、湿度、地理位置采集等一系列功能,并可定期进行远程安全检查。实验测试结果表明,该系统能够较好地监测基建的施工过程,对促进施工规范化、保障施工安全具有重要意义。     

Retracted: State estimation of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system in networked control system with stochastic time delays under unknown attacks

This article concerns the event-triggered fuzzy filter design for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems subject to deception attacks under the stochastic multiple time-varying delays. A sequence of random variables, which are mutually independent but obey the Bernoulli distribution, is introduced to account for the randomly occurring communication delays. In order to efficiently utilize limited network communication bandwidth resources, the event-triggering scheme is adopted. A fuzzy filter with the attacked input signal is presented. Moreover, due to communication delays caused by event-triggering schemes and transmission, the filter adopts non-synchronous premise variables with the system. Then, by utilizing a model transformation technique, the fuzzy systems are developed. Furthermore, using the piecewise Lyapunov functional method technique, the resulting criterion provides sufficient conditions to ensure that fuzzy systems under deception attacks are stochastically stable with an H_∞ performance. Accordingly, the conditions for the co-design of the fuzzy filter and event-triggering schemes are given. Finally, numerical simulation with the industrial process provided to verify the proposed event-triggered design.     

A Roadside ITS Data Bus Prototype for Intelligent Highways

Intelligent transport systems (ITSs) usually include three principal elements: vehicle, driver, and road (or, more generally, the environment). The use of ITS data bus (IDB) has been proposed to build sharable standard interfaces for in-vehicle information systems. Despite broadband communication technologies, such as dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), which have been developed to provide high-quality roadside-vehicle communication services for intelligent highways, the existing IDB model has not paid enough attention to the demands of information exchanges between the roadside and onboard units. In this paper, a new model of the roadside IDB (RIDB) is proposed to improve the existing IDB architecture. The physical layer, data-link layer, and application layer of the new model are also discussed. A prototype system of the RIDB, which is based on the wireless 802.11b protocol, has been developed in a test site. The experimental results demonstrated that the RIDB is feasible to provide high-quality roadside-vehicle and roadside-roadside communication services. Other potential applications of the IDB, such as probe cars and intersection collision prevention, are also discussed. The RIDB proposed in this paper is potentially useful for the construction of an intelligent transport infrastructure.     

A new hybrid control technique for operation of DC microgrid under islanded operating mode

This study proposes a novel combined primary and secondary control approach for direct current microgrids, specifically in islanded mode. In primary control, this approach establishes an appropriate load power sharing between the distributed energy resources based on their rated power. Simultaneously, it considers the load voltage deviation and provides satisfactory voltage regulation in the secondary control loop. The proposed primary control is based on an efficient droop mechanism that only deploys the local variable measurements, so as to overcome the side effects caused by communication delays. In the case of secondary control, two different methods are devised. In the first, low bandwidth communication links are used to establish the minimum required data transfer between the converters. The effect of communication delay is further explored. The second method excludes any communication link and only uses local variables. Accordingly, a self-sufficient control loop is devised without any communication requirement. The proposed control notions are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink platform to highlight system performance. The results demonstrate that both proposed approaches can effectively compensate for the voltage deviation due to the primary control task. Detailed comparisons of the two methods are also provided.     

基于IEC61850/MMS的电力远动通信的研究

变电站通信标准IEC 61850是将来电力系统无缝通信系统体系标准的基础之一。本文对现有电力系统远动通信协议中存在的一些缺陷进行了分析,对将IEC 61850应用于电力远动通信的实现方法进行了研究,提出了基于IEC 61850和制造报文规范(MMS)的远动系统的网络结构与通信模型。同时,为了解决现有远动系统到新型远动系统的平稳过渡,本文提出了IEC 61850/MMS网关的结构模型和数据模型,并给出了其数据和服务同传统远动规约之间映射的实现方法。另外,结合基于IEC 61850的电力运动通信的需要,首次对MMS通信功能子集进行了设计与实现,使其成为一种面向电力远动的实时通信软件。通过基于IEC 61850的电力远动原型系统的开发和测试,验证了模型的正确性和方案的可行性。     

光缆在线监测系统在黄山电网的应用

光通信作为骨干通信网,在电力系统具有十分重要的作用,在黄山电网的应用目前已具备相当规模.作为其唯一载体的光缆,对于电力生产的安全稳定运行日益彰显.文章提出的光缆在线监测系统提高了电力通信安全稳定性,同时详细分析了该系统各组成部分的功能及关键技术,最终达到提前判断光缆中断故障信息.     

A new approach to digital current differential protection for lowand medium voltage feeder circuits using a digital voice-frequency gradecommunications channel

A new approach to digital current differential protection is described which provides the capabilities of conventional pilot wire differential protection while using the limited data transfer capabilities of a digital data voice-frequency grade communications channel. This approach compares polyphase polarised current measurements taken at the feeder's terminals to detect faults and can trip in under two power system cycles. The algorithms decouple the measurements from the power system frequency and its waveform, and thereby have a high inherent tolerance to the complications introduced by communication channel delays and their fluctuations. For this project, the communications requirements have been limited to a full duplex 2400 bits/sec system suitable for operation over a voice-frequency grade channel     

一种新型储能变流器的人机界面设计方法与实现

基于嵌入式一体化触摸屏技术设计了储能变流器的人机界面,以嵌入式系统为通信核心,可实现对储能电池、上位机和DSP(digital signal processor)控制器通信数据的综合处理,实时显示储能变流器的各项参数,保存历史信息和故障信息,设置储能变流器的运行模式,并有效防止操作人员的误操作,设计了一种适合DSP控制器的通信方法,以保证通信能够准确稳定进行。本系统应用于实验室储能变流器样机,经测试:系统运行良好、通信稳定,各项性能达到要求。     

Adaptive H∞ event-triggered load frequency control in islanded microgirds with limited spinning reserve constraints

Using an islanded microgrid (MG) with large-scale integration of renewable energy is the most popular way of solving the reliable power supply problem for remote areas and critical electrical users. However, compared with traditional power systems, the limited spinning reserves and network communication bandwidth may cause weak frequency stability in the presence of stochastic renewable active outputs and load demand fuctuations. In this paper, an adaptive event-triggered control (ETC) strategy for a load frequency control (LFC) system in an islanded MG is proposed. First, a bounded adaptive event-triggered communication scheme is designed. This not only saves on network resources, but also ensures that the control center has a sensitive monitoring ability for the MG operating status when the frequency deviations have been efectively damped. Secondly, by fully considering the spinning reserve constraints and uncertain communication delays, the LFC system is described as a nonlinear model with saturation terms. Design criteria for ETC parameters are strictly deduced based on Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, an ETC parameter optimization algorithm based on random direction search is developed to reconcile the bandwidth occupancy and control performance. The efectiveness of the proposed method is verifed in an MG test system.     

配电网自动化系统基础通信网络模型及其评价

介绍了配电网自动化系统基础通信网络的通用模型，提出了配电网通信网络模型的分层结构。针对配电网的特点，分析了配电网应采用的网络通信协议结构、数据对象和服务模型，阐述了馈线子网通信协议的报文格式。介绍了配电网自动化系统通信网络性能评价的一般方法；并给出了一个配电网自动化系统通信网络结构的实例。     

“新基建”对中国“十四五”电力需求和电网规划的影响分析

近年来,中国已将“新基建”纳入国家发展战略,明确提出立足于高新科技基础设施建设,建成集约高效、经济适用、智能绿色、安全可靠的现代化基础设施体系。“十四五”期间,为了实现疫情后经济复苏,实现创新高质量发展,“新基建”将成为投资重点。“新基建”中5G基站、大数据中心、电动汽车等基础设施布点密集,能耗密度大,大规模发展对电网安全稳定运行冲击大。对“新基建”各类基础设施“十四五”期间发展趋势进行展望,重点对5G基站、数据中心等“数字新基建”的能耗模型进行分析建模,量化分析“十四五”期间“新基建”对中国电力需求和电网发展的影响,为科学开展能源电力“十四五”规划提供参考。     

实现电力监控嵌入式系统可靠数据交换的串行通信Agent

基于任务Agent的设计理念,开发了一种实现电力监控嵌入式系统可靠数据交换的串行通信Agent模块。这种模块实现了串行通信的全程代理。采用这种模块的嵌入式系统,只要对接口的双口RAM进行访问即可完成不同系统间的可靠数据交换,从而使串行通信变得非常方便且更加可靠。同时,采用这种模块还能有效地缩短产品的开发周期。详细地介绍了这种串行通信Agent模块的设计思想、基本原理和实现方法。     

基于电力光纤的智能电网终端模型构建

以电力光纤到户为基础,以区域电网公司为模版,设计并构建一种智能电网终端模型。该模型以处理、掌握用户信息和满足所有电力用户需求为目标,对发电及工矿企业、小区、家庭等多个用户模块进行不同的规划和设计。该模型具有灵活的组网形式,清晰的层次结构,可无限扩展的功能模块,整合电视、电话、因特网三网,搭载WLAN(WIFI)接入点,涉及嵌入式系统、无线通信技术、智能逆变技术等多种技术的混合应用,为构建电网的智能化网络提供必要和适当超前的技术引导,适当规划、设计智能电网结构并提前进行布局。     

基于uClinux的嵌入式操作系统在状态监测中的应用

uClinux是近年发展起来的一种专用于微控制领域的嵌入式操作系统。介绍了一种基于u Clinux的嵌入式系统在电力设备状态监测方面的应用 ,构建了一种以MC6 8EZ32 8型CPU为控制核心的嵌入式监测系统。该系统可以很好地取代传统单片机系统实现数据的采集、预处理和通信等功能 ,并能依靠互联网将数据处理结果和上位机的控制信息进行远距离传送 ,同时支持远端客户通过Webserver的访问和监测 ,从而方便地实现分布式控制。     

考虑双通道随机时延的区域互联电网AGC方法

在区域互联电网网络化自动发电控制(Automatic Generation Control,AGC)过程中,信息传输在双通道(如控制器到执行器(C-A)、传感器到控制器(S-C))均存在时延问题。基于模型预测控制(MPC)技术,拟利用其预测特征,通过控制过程中信息的存储与处理,消除双通道随机时延对控制效果的负面影响。首先,在考虑双通道时延的前提下,构建互联电网AGC系统模型,并就时延的存在对控制效果的影响进行了分析。然后,针对互联电网AGC系统的控制模式对集中式MPC(CMPC)的实现方法进行了讨论,分析了在CMPC框架下双通道时延的处理方法。在此基础上,分别以阶跃与随机负荷曲线为扰动变量,获取互联电网频率及区域控制偏差曲线。仿真结果表明在考虑互联电网AGC系统双通道随机时延的情况下,所提方法能够保证系统良好的动态响应性能,从而验证了其可行性和有效性。