阶段空场嗣后充填采场底部结构受开采扰动规律研究（增刊）

底部结构作为采场的薄弱环节,在阶段空场嗣后充填采矿中需要重点监测,结合某铁矿底部出矿结构巷道的工程实例,借助FLAC3D数值计算软件,分析了阶段空场嗣后充填全过程底部结构受开采扰动规律。开采扰动对阶段空场嗣后充填采场的底部结构稳定性的影响有时效性和阶段性。由于中间的矿柱起到了有效的隔离作用,相邻矿房的开采对底部结构位移的扰动影响程度较小。矿房回采完毕后,对采空区及时充填可有效控制采场的持续变形,同时为下一步矿柱的回采提供了安全保障。     

阶段空场嗣后充填采场底部结构受开采扰动规律研究

底部结构作为采场的薄弱环节,在阶段空场嗣后充填采矿中需要重点监测,结合某铁矿底部出矿结构巷道的工程实例,借助FLAC3D数值计算软件,分析了阶段空场嗣后充填全过程底部结构受开采扰动规律。开采扰动对阶段空场嗣后充填采场的底部结构稳定性的影响有时效性和阶段性。由于中间的矿柱起到了有效的隔离作用,相邻矿房的开采对底部结构位移的扰动影响程度较小。矿房回采完毕后,对采空区及时充填可有效控制采场的持续变形,同时为下一步矿柱的回采提供了安全保障。     

金属矿山阶段嗣后充填采场空区破坏机理

依据和睦山铁矿现场实测资料,证明金属矿山阶段嗣后采场围岩破坏具有明显的间歇性和突发性;对其破坏机理进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明：采场顶部围岩产生卸压圈,受拉伸作用,卸压圈内岩体自重应力通过应力拱传递到矿柱上,导致矿柱应力集中出现剪切滑移破坏;其变形破坏程度受顶板、矿柱围岩稳定性以及二次开采扰动的影响。基于普氏拱理论,以矿柱为研究对象,建立了阶段嗣后采场失稳演化模型,得到了矿柱破坏方式和采场失稳演化过程：矿柱稳定阶段、矿柱大形变阶段、部分矿柱失效以及矿柱整体失效。     

大冶铁矿嗣后充填采场围岩变形机理研究

以相似材料模拟实验技术为主要研究手段,借助全站仪、应变计和数码相机等仪器监测了模型围岩的变形、应力以及破坏情况,研究了不同结构参数条件下分段空场嗣后充填采场的围岩变形与应力变化特征,以及发生破坏时的规律与特征。主要研究结果为：揭示了大冶铁矿合理的采场结构参数;采场顶板与矿柱所受应力分布为拉剪应力和压应力;顶板是采场稳定的关键因素,应保证充填体与顶板良好的接触关系,提高接顶率;采场内应力分布规律与回采方向相反,偏向于首采矿块。     

软弱围岩下某中厚及厚大矿体采矿方法研究

某矿区位于湖区水体下,主要为金铜矿,且矿石品位较高,矿体属于软弱围岩下的中厚及厚大矿体,且顶板围岩稳固性较差。结合矿体具体的赋存条件及现有的开采技术条件,采用数值模拟软件FLAC^3D对机械化分段中深孔落矿嗣后阶段充填采矿法、浅孔留矿嗣后充填法、上向水平分层充填法3种采矿方法进行了采场参数研究。通过对6种模拟回采过程中的围岩应力和位移比较,初步确定采场宽度、长度参数分别为14 m、40 m;以初步确定的采场参数为基础,通过最大与最小主应力、顶板与矿柱位移最终确定出3种采矿方法对应的采场宽度均为14 m、长度分别为40、40、42 m;并且随时监测顶板及矿柱的应力、岩移情况,加强顶板管理,及时充填。最后提出下阶段的主要工作是确定合理充填体强度及充填材料。     

大阶段嗣后充填采场围岩破坏规律及其巷道控制技术

以和睦山铁矿为工程背景,通过数值软件模拟和现场地压显现调查,分析了大阶段嗣后充填采场围岩破坏规律及周边巷道破坏失稳原因;在各分段巷道关键部位,布置了12个变形监测点和4个应力监测点,采用数显收敛计和应力计对巷道表面变形和应力变化进行了监测,总结了巷道变形破坏特征;提出了增加初次支护强度,采用锚索喷锚网和U型钢可伸缩支架联合分级支护控制措施方案。实践证明：围岩稳定性是大阶段嗣后充填法运用的关键因素;优化后支护方案有效地提高了巷道稳定性,减少了二次支护率。     

猫场铝土矿采场回采顺序优化研究

在矿山开采过程中,不合理的回采顺序容易导致围岩变形、位移和破坏。为有效预防该类地质灾害发生,本文采用数值模拟仿真软件对猫场铝矿条带开采嗣后充填法采场回采顺序进行优化研究。通过分析采场整体和顶底板位移大小、顶板与矿柱应力分布以及整体塑性区体积大小,研究表明：方案Ⅰ(由南至北)的回采顺序最佳,该方案下采场整体位移5.396 m、顶板位移为5.853 m、地表位移为2.854 m;顶板最小主应力为0.421 MPa,矿柱最大主应力为25.4 MPa;剪切破坏体积为0.628 m3,拉伸破坏体积0.248 m3。其中,位移与应力数值相较其他两种方案差值较小,但拉伸破坏体积差值较大,且该方案下位移、应力、塑性区体积均小于其他两种方案。因此,采用从南至北开采的回采顺序更有利于采场的稳定。     

中深孔房柱开采嗣后充填采矿法采场安全稳定性研究

以贵州某磷矿为研究对象,运用FLAC3D对中深孔条带和水平条带房柱开采嗣后充填采矿法采动模拟进行矿体开采过程的三维力学计算分析。采用中深孔条带房柱开采嗣后充填采矿法上分段首次开采时顶板沉降量为2.74 mm,矿柱开采时顶板沉降量增加至1.38 cm,下分段开采过程中,顶板沉降最大值分别为1.42 cm、1.75 cm,上分段矿房回采完成后矿柱所受压力约12 MPa,下分段矿柱开采完成后压力增至14～15 MPa,上、下分段各步骤下最大主应力都呈现出受压状态,岩体未产生受拉破坏;中深孔水平条带房柱开采嗣后充填采矿法下、上两个分层矿房、矿柱顶板沉降数值分别为3.67 mm、7.09 mm、9.71 mm、1.55 cm,下、上两个分层矿房开挖完成后矿柱所受压应力为7～8 MPa,各步骤下围岩最大主应力都表现为受压状态。从综合位移变化、应力分布情况来看,充填体能够起到一定的承压作用,总体来说开采过程趋于稳定。     

阶段嗣后充填法采场应力与变形规律及稳定性研究

某铁矿采用阶段空场嗣后充填法开采,目前-450 m首采中段的回采工作即将结束,拟在-390 m新中段的开拓中将阶段高度从原来的60 m提高到90 m,阶段高度提高了50%。为了研究急倾斜厚大矿体在阶段 空场嗣后充填法开采条件下的应力变形规律,采用相似材料试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,考虑了首采中段和多盘区对新中段回采充填的影响,通过分析得到了采场矿柱和围岩的应力与变形规律。结果表明：在阶段 高度提升后的新中段回采充填过程中,矿柱被揭露后矿柱内的应力会大幅增加,并随应力集中程度增加而导致矿柱的剪切破坏;采场内最大变形出现在中间盘区矿房顶板,最大主应力及塑性区主要出现在中间矿柱的 中下位置,最大主应力、沉降变形及塑性区呈中间大两边小的对称性分布,最小主应力出现在两边矿房顶角处;盘区矿房采用间隔回采形成的最小主应力和沉降变形小于顺序开采,矿房的回采顺序对最大主应力的影 响较小;随着矿柱宽度增加,采场内最大最小主应力、变形值及塑性区范围呈逐渐减小的趋势。研究成果对国内外采用空场嗣后充填法开采的同类型矿山具有借鉴意义。     

复杂地形下缓倾斜磷矿床条带充填分区协同开采技术

如何实现复杂地形下缓倾斜矿体安全高效开采是目前亟待解决的关键问题。以宜昌某磷矿为工程背景，根据地应力不均匀分布特征构建分区采场结构，基于“协同开采”理念，提出了与其相适应的条带充 填分区协同开采技术，实现了同一盘区回采与充填协同作业。运用物理相似模拟试验方法，研究了分区协同回采过程中顶板及围岩矿柱的受力变形特征及其变化规律，探讨了分区充填过程中采场矿柱的承载机制。结 果表明：采区之间相互干扰程度较弱，围岩应力转移程度受埋深和开采步骤的影响较大；随着开采与充填的协同进行，不同采区条带上方顶板受拉与受压交错性分布；分区协同回采过程中，围岩及充填体矿柱并未发 生明显破坏，其中一步骤充填体和围岩矿柱是采场内的主要承载体，二步骤充填体的承载作用相对较弱；盘区矿柱之间及隔离间柱发生了非对称性变形。为了进一步降低充填成本，在原有协同充填模式的基础上适当 降低二步骤充填体的力学强度，并通过数值模拟方法验证了优化后采场充填模式的可行性。条带充填分区协同开采技术有助于实现复杂地形下缓倾斜矿床安全、高效、经济开采。     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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