热压烧结工艺制备Fe3Al金属间化合物块材的显微结构和力学性能研究

采用机械合金化结合热处理工艺制备Fe3Al金属间化合物粉末,并通过热压烧结工艺制备Fe3Al金属间化合物块材.研究机械合金化和热处理工艺对所制备Fe3Al金属间化合物粉末的物相组成和显微结构的影响.并对Fe3Al金属间化合物块材的物相组成、显微结构和力学性能进行研究.采用机械合金化工艺球磨60h制备Fe-Al金属间化合物粉末;Fe-Al合金粉末经800、1000℃热处理工艺转变成Fe3Al金属间化合物粉末.研究表明,随着球磨时间的增加,Fe-Al金属间化合物粉末的颗粒尺寸逐渐减小.球磨60h得到的Fe-Al金属间化合物粉末的平均粒度为4～5 μm.经800、1000℃热处理得到的Fe3Al金属间化合物粉末的平均粒度为4～5 μm;热压烧结块材为Fe3Al金属间化合物相;热压烧结制备的Fe3Al金属间化合物块材的显微结构均匀致密;热压烧结工艺制备的Fe3Al金属间化合物块材的相对密度较高且具有较高力学性能.     

磨球级配对MA-SPS原位合成Al_(13)Fe_4/Al复合材料的组织结构及力学性能的优化

采用机械合金化-放电等离子体烧结(MA-SPS)技术原位合成近全致密的Al13Fe4/Al复合材料.在MA过程中采用磨球级配对材料的组织结构和性能进行了优化.利用XRD,SEM,TEM,显微硬度计和力学性能测试系统等手段对粉末及烧结试样的组织结构和性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,相同MA时间下,采用磨球级配可有效提高球磨效果,其粉末粒径分布更均匀,固溶度也得到很大的提高.SPS烧结后,复合材料的组织由a-Al和金属间化合物Al13Fe42相构成.金属间化合物Al13Fe4相的形态分为大颗粒(1~2 mm)、超细颗粒(0.1~1.0 mm)和纳米颗粒(20 nm)3种,其中大颗粒和超细颗粒Al13Fe4由未固溶的Fe与Al直接反应原位生成,纳米颗粒Al13Fe4是Fe从过饱和Al(Fe)固溶体中析出生成.采用磨球级配处理的Al-10Fe合金含有更多大颗粒a-Al和超细颗粒Al13Fe4,因此它具有更优的综合力学性能,显微硬度为227 HV,抗压强度为845.8 MPa,最大塑性变形量为13.6%.     

FeSi相增强金属间化合物内加热套管耐熔锌腐蚀性能

针对热浸镀锌内加热保护套管材料的腐蚀问题,采用机械合金化-退火处理工艺制备Fe-Si金属间化合物,研究了不同Fe、Si原子比对金属间化合物相成分和耐锌液腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:不同Fe、Si原子比的粉末经球磨-退火后都能得到Fe-Si金属间化合物。由于含有较多的Fe Si致密相,Fe、Si原子比为1∶3的试样具有良好的耐锌液腐蚀性能。     

WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的冷喷涂制备

采用WC/Fe/Al混合粉末,通过机械合金化制备40v0l％ WC/Fe(Al)固溶体复合粉末,利用冷喷涂沉积涂层并结合热处理原位反应制备了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.研究了球磨时间对复合粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸及组织结构的影响,并分析了冷喷涂WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的组织和显微硬度.结果表明,机械合金化可获得WC陶瓷颗粒呈微/纳米多尺度分布的WC/Fe(Al)金属陶瓷复合粉末,球磨36 h的复合粉末基体相平均晶粒尺寸约为90 nm,冷喷复合涂层组织致密、多尺度WC颗粒在基体中均匀弥散分布,涂层显微硬度约为1060 HV0.3,涂层在650℃热处理后发生Fe(Al)固溶体向FeAl金属间化合物的原位转变,制备出了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.     

纳米晶NiAl的机械合金化合成机理研究

采用机械合金化方法,以元素粉末为原料,对四种成分的NixA1100-x(x=25,30,40.50)进行不同球磨时间和球磨转速的机械合金化合成,制备纳米晶NiA1金属间化合物粉末.利用X射线衍射技术对球磨产物进行了物相分析,并对NiA1机械合金化合成机理进行了探讨.研究表明:NixAl100-x四种成分的元素粉末采用机械合金化方法均可以制备出纳米晶NiA1金属间化合物粉末;NiA1金属间化合物的机械合金化合成机理为燃烧合成反应.     

二元Al基粉末扩散反应的研究

为了研究二元Al基混合粉末的扩散反应，采用粉末冶金方法，利用光镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射技术研究了Cr-Al、Fe-Al和Cu-Al生坯、烧结体的显微组织和相结构。结果表明，Cr、Fe和Cu粉末与Al粉末经过固相烧结，在粉末颗粒界面处形成扩散反应区域，在扩散反应区域中形成了相应的Cr-Al9、Fe2Al5和Cu9Al4、CuAl金属间化合物，金属间化合物的生成规律与二元扩散偶反应扩散规律密切相关。     

冷喷涂制备纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层

利用机械合金化制备纳米结构FeAl固溶体合金粉末,采用冷喷涂沉积Fe(Al)固溶体合金涂层并结合后热处理原位反应制备了纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了机械合金化Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末、喷涂态Fe(Al)合金及热处理后FeAl金属间化合物涂层的组织结构特征。结果表明,球磨Fe(Al)合金粉末具有精细的层状结构,喷涂态Fe(Al)合金涂层具有不同于传统热喷涂涂层的独特层状结构,保留了与原始粉末类似的纳米结构;在500℃热处理后涂层中Fe(Al)固溶体转变为FeAl金属间化合物,其晶粒尺寸约为30 nm。     

机械合金化-退火法制备铁硅金属间化合物

用机械合金化一真空退火法成功地制备了铁硅金属间化合物，并用X射线衍射分析了球磨时间、退火工艺对混合粉末结构变化的影响。试验结果表明：球磨30h后有少量FeSi和FeSi2化合物析出；球磨50h后生成大量的FeSi、FeSi2化合物，但有少量的单质铁、硅存在。利用950℃x2h退火工艺处理不同球磨时间的混合粉末，最终得出最佳球磨时间为20h．该球磨时间的混合粉末退火后完全生成以FeSi2、FeSi为主的金属间化合物。     

反应合成Ti_3Al/TiC+Al_2O_3复合材料烧结过程热力学分析

将高能球磨后的Ti-Al粉末和TiC,Al2O3粉末混合进行热压烧结,在烧结的过程中反应生成金属间化合物为增强相的复合材料。通过对粉料的X射线衍射分析、热分析(DSC)和烧结体的成分分析表明,最终的金属间化合物只有Ti3Al而没有其它金属间化合物相。通过热力学计算,分析了反应烧结过程并发现在低温由固相间原子扩散控制生成TiAl3,TiAl,Ti3Al的渐进过程,和在高温下金属间化合物的合成机理,而且增强相和基体界面间处于稳定状态。     

反应合成Ti3Al/TiC＋Al2O3复合材料烧结过程热力学分析

将高能球磨后的Ti-Al粉末和TiC,Al2O3粉末混合进行热压烧结,在烧结的过程中反应生成金属间化合物为增强相的复合材料.通过对粉料的X射线衍射分析、热分析（DSC）和烧结体的成分分析表明,最终的金属间化合物只有Ti3Al而没有其它金属间化合物相.通过热力学计算,分析了反应烧结过程并发现在低温由固相间原子扩散控制生成TiAl3,TiAl,Ti3Al的渐进过程,和在高温下金属间化合物的合成机理,而且增强相和基体界面间处于稳定状态.     

~(199)Sn AND ~(57)Fe MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE MECHANICALLY ALLOYED Fe-Sn ALLOYS

1.IntroductionMechanicalalloyinghasbeenwelldevelopedasapowerfultechniqueofsolidstatere-artiontosynthesizealloysfarfromequilibrium,suchasamorphous,quasicrystajlineandnanocrystajlinealloys,etc.II--3].InFe-Snsystem,alltheiron-stannidesareferromagneticatroomtemperatureI4],thereforetheevolutionofmechanicalalloyinganddetailedchemicaldrirmationcanbeobtainedfromboththe57Feand119SnMossbauerspectraandcorre-spondinghyperfineparameters.The57Feand119SnMossbauerstudyofFe3Snpowdersbailaflledfor400hshowe…     

Deformation-induced dissolution of the intermetallic compound FeSn in nanocrystalline α-Fe

The structure and phase transformations during the mechanical treatment of an α-Fe₉₈Sn₂/FeSn mixture with a total Sn content of 14 at % in a ball planetary mill are studied by X-ray diffraction and ⁵⁷Fe and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. Three stages of the dissolution of the intermetallic compound FeSn are found. The key role of a nanostructure with a grain size of ≤10 nm in this dissolution is shown, and a mechanism for its realization is proposed.     

Study of thermal stabilization of an intermetallic compound-α-Fe(Sn) solid solution layered system

Mössbauer spectroscopy at ¹¹⁹Sn and ⁵⁷Fe nuclei was used to study thermally induced processes of phase formation in two-layered systems Sn(4 μm)-Fe(10 μm) obtained by ion-plasma deposition. The layered systems were subjected to sequential isothermal annealings at 550°C and 700°C to show the formation of intermetallic compounds FeSn and Fe₃Sn₂ and of an α-Fe(Sn) solid solution. It has also been shown that the nature of the phase transformations is determined by a change in the local concentration of tin in the sample in the process of diffusion of the atomic components. Thermally stable spatially inhomogeneous systems FeSn/α-Fe(Sn) and Fe₃Sn₂/α-Fe(Sn) have been obtained.     

机械合金化法制备金锡合金

采用高能球磨机械合金化法制备了Au-20%Sn合金,分析了合金物相、组织和硬度随球磨时间的变化规律,探讨了合金塑性与合金组织及制备工艺的关系。结果表明:采用高能球磨机械合金化法可以制备Au-20%Sn合金;随球磨时间的增加,Au-20%Sn的合金化程度增加,组织中的金属间化合物逐渐增多,最终基本上为δ相和ζ′相;合金的硬度随球磨时间的延长逐渐升高,并在球磨60min后获得最高硬度104.2HV,然后开始下降;球磨后的合金粉末在190℃×2h的烧结过程中发生了不同程度的再结晶和晶粒长大,再结晶程度随球磨时间的延长而增加,导致烧结后合金硬度在球磨时间超过60min后反而下降。     

反应机械合金化/退火制备Al2O3/Fe3Si纳米复合粉体

以Fe2O3粉、Si粉和Al粉为原料,采用反应机械合金化/退火法制备出了Al2O3/Fe3Si纳米复合粉体。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合粉体球磨以及退火过程中的固态反应过程、表面形貌进行表征。研究表明,Fe2O3-Si-Al混合粉体球磨5 h后发生反应生成Al2 O3、Fe5 Si3、Fe3 Si、FeSi,球磨20 h后生成Al2 O3/Fe3 Si,球磨20 h的粉体在900℃条件下退火1 h的组成物相未发生变化,复合粉体颗粒呈球形,其尺寸为5μm左右,分布均匀,组成相Al2O3和Fe3Si的晶粒尺寸分别为26.6 nm和28.3 nm。     

Preparation of elevated-temperature intermetallic powders via a novel reaction ball milling technique

The synthesis of elevated-temperature intermetallic powders was carried out using a novel solid–liquid reaction milling technique. As opposed to the conventional mechanical milling, the direct formation of nanometer-sized elevated-temperature intermetallic powders such as Fe_1.3Sn and Fe₃Sn₂, at relatively low temperatures and an enhanced solid solubility extension of iron in lead were realized.     

Fabrication of Ti-Cu-Ni-Al amorphous alloys by mechanical alloying and mechanical milling

Ti-based amorphous alloy powders were synthesized by the mechanical alloying (MA) of pure elements and the mechanical milling (MM) of intermetallic compounds. The amorphous alloy powders were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the vein morphology of these alloy powders shows deformation during the milling. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectral maps confirm that each constituent is uniformly dispersed, including Fe and Cr. The XRD and DSC results showed that the milling time required for amorphization for the MA of pure elements was longer than that of the MM for intermetallic compounds. The activation energy and crystallization temperature of the MA powder are different from those of the MM powder.     

纳米Mg2Sn增强镁基复合材料组织与性能

利用纳米Sn粉高的表面活性,通过微米Mg粉与纳米Sn粉的机械合金化高效合成了含原位纳米Mg₂Sn相的复合粉末,将所得复合粉末热压烧结,获得高性能纳米Mg₂Sn增强镁基复合材料。对比研究了不同机械合金化时间对镁基复合材料组织、性能的影响,结果表明：随着机械合金化时间的延长,由纳米Mg₂Sn相组成的团簇尺寸不断减小,分布更加均匀,烧结态Mg₂Sn/Mg复合材料的各项力学性能也得到不断提高。     

Prediction of the primary intermetallic compound formed in Fe(Ni)-Sn nanoparticles system

以Miedema半经验模型和比热容随温度有效形成热变化的经验公式为基础, 结合基本热力学关系式对Fe-Sn和Ni-Sn体系的有效形成热及有效形成热随温度的变化进行了计算.采 用电弧放电法制备了Ni-Sn和Fe-Sn纳米粒子. XRD结果表明,在Ni-Sn系中金属间化合物的 初生相为Ni3Sn4,而Fe-Sn系中出现的为FeSn2.计算结果与相应纳米颗粒体系的实验结果吻合较好.     

Phase Transformation and Magnetic Property of Ni-Mn-Ga Powders Prepared by Dry Ball Milling

This study investigated the phase transformations and magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloy powders prepared by dry ball milling in argon atmosphere. The Fe and Cr elements were found to be introduced in the alloy after ball milling, which should result from the severe collision and friction among the particles, balls, and vial. The x-ray diffraction result indicated that the Fe and Cr elements should have alloyed with the Ni-Mn-Ga matrix. The martensitic transformation temperature and Curie temperature of the 800?°C annealed powders decreased by ~33?°C and increased by ~28?°C, respectively, as compared to that of the bulk alloy. The comprehensive effect of the changing of valence electron concentration of the alloy due to the introduction of Fe and Cr and the grain refinement of the alloy caused by ball milling should be responsible for the reduction of martensitic transformation temperature. The saturation magnetization of the 800?°C annealed powders became larger (~5?emu/g) than that of the bulk alloy. The enhancement of magnetic properties, such as the increase of Curie temperature and enhancement of saturation magnetization of the annealed Ni-Mn-Ga powders, should be attributed to the increase of magnetic exchange caused by introduction of Fe in the alloy. The contaminations of Fe and Cr elements emerging from the dry ball milling process changed the phase transformation and magnetic properties of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy. Therefore, the dry ball milling process is difficult to control the contamination from the milling medium and not suitable to prepare Ni-Mn-Ga powders. On the contrary, the wet ball milling method under liquid medium should be a better method to prevent the contamination and fabricate pure Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy powders.