高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al涂层在高温磨损中的摩擦氧化行为

采用滑动磨损试验方法,研究从室温(23℃)至650 ℃高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层的摩擦氧化行为。结果表明,高温下Fe-Al涂层滑动摩擦因数降低的主要原因是磨损面发生摩擦氧化反应,形成了具有固体润滑作用的氧化物保护层,该保护层由Al2O3、Fe3O4及Fe2O3组成。氧化物保护层形成的机制是磨屑的动态氧化和微区热压烧结。涂层的扁平颗粒在摩擦磨损过程脱落成为磨屑;随着滑动摩擦磨损的进行,在Si3N4球的反复碾压及摩擦热的共同作用下,磨屑将不断地发生断裂、碎化及动态氧化而成为氧化物粉状屑,并通过微区热压烧结方式形成氧化物层,覆盖于磨损涂层表面。在高温下Fe3Al和FeAl金属间化合物相具有较高的强度和硬度,能有效地抵抗较高硬度的Si3N4球的压入及微犁削,使磨损面上的氧化物保护层不易开裂和脱落。     

WC颗粒增强镍基涂层改善制动盘组织与磨损性能

为提高汽车制动盘耐磨和高温氧化性能,延长其使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在中碳钢表面制备了以WC颗粒为增强相的Ni基复合涂层.借助SEM和XRD等表征手段对制动盘表面涂层进行了组织和物相分析,利用维氏硬度计测试了制动盘表面涂层截面显微硬度分布,通过摩擦磨损实验研究了制动盘表面涂层的磨损性能.研究表明,制动盘表面涂层主要由γ-（Ni,Fe）固溶体、均匀分布WC颗粒和碳化物抗磨损相组成.涂层平均显微硬度HV0.2670,显微硬度值波动较小较为平稳,证明涂层组织比较均匀.在多种强化效果共同作用下,制动盘表面涂层的磨损量与基材相比明显减小,仅为基材的20％,抗磨损性能显著提高.     

纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层及其抗高温腐蚀性能

制备纳米金属间化合物Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层并测试其抗腐蚀性能,为利用热喷涂技术治理火电站易损部件腐蚀问题提供有效手段。运用自主研发的造粒系统,成功对高活性的纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合喷涂粉体实施团聚造粒;运用高速火焰喷涂方法,在结构材料表面制备出了纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层,对比测试了微米、纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能,分别采用抛物线型和幂函数型对腐蚀动力学曲线进行拟合。纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合喷涂材料的粒径由原始的50nm团聚到最终的114~178μm,团聚后的纳米颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,各成分比例保持原始比例,团聚颗粒内部仍然保持纳米粉体状态;纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层表面致密、铺展均匀,截面元素过渡平缓、层片细小;运用幂函数方程对腐蚀动力学曲线的拟合效果更好。通过对腐蚀动力学拟合方程进行求导运算可推算出各复合涂层的腐蚀速率。团聚后的纳米颗粒满足热喷涂材料的相关要求,纳米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层的抗高温腐蚀性能显著高于微米Fe-Al/Cr_3C_2复合涂层。纳米Al、Cr优先氧化生成具有保护作用的氧化膜机理解释了纳米涂层抗高温腐蚀性能优异的原因。     

火焰喷焊和等离子堆焊制备Ni60及Ni60-WC涂层的组织与性能

采用火焰喷焊与等离子堆焊工艺分别制备了Ni60与Ni60-WC涂层,对比研究了两种涂层的显微组织、物相组成、硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明:Ni60与Ni60-WC喷焊层比相应堆焊层的内部缺陷多、孔隙率高;喷焊层硬度曲线波动大,堆焊层硬度分布均匀;喷焊层磨损表面粗糙,划痕较多,而堆焊层磨损表面平滑;WC颗粒的添加提高了喷焊层与堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性;火焰喷焊工艺下,WC颗粒的添加使得涂层孔隙率增大,WC颗粒发生一定的脱碳,而等离子堆焊工艺下WC颗粒的添加对涂层孔隙率影响不大,WC颗粒能较完整地保存在涂层内。     

真空熔烧Co基合金-WC复合涂层耐磨性研究

用真空熔烧方法在45钢表面烧结Co基合金-WC复合涂层，测定几种不同WC含量涂层截面的显微硬度和涂层的耐磨性，并分析涂层显微硬度与耐磨性的关系。用X射线能谱仪(EDS)实测WC颗粒熔烧后化学成分的变化，分析WC硬质相与Co基合金的结合情况。结果表明，Co基合金-WC复合涂层在WC含量小于60％时，其显微硬度和耐磨性与WC含量成正比。这为耐磨涂层的实际应用提供了依据。     

高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层的摩擦学特性

运用高速火焰喷涂方法，选用自主研发的Fe-Al／CrsC2喷涂材料，在20钢基体上制备了复合涂层。利用XRD分析了涂层的相组成，利用SEM分析了涂层表面以及磨损表面形貌，对涂层进行了EDAX分析，并对涂层的摩擦学特性进行了研究。结果表明：高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al／Cr3C2复合涂层中主要相包括Fe3Al、Cr3C2和α-Fe相，涂层的磨损率随温度的升高而下降，具有很好的抗高温磨损性能。     

模具钢表面Co/TiC熔覆层的组织与高温磨损性能

利用6 kW横流CO2激光器制备了Co50熔覆层和不同成分配比的Co/TiC复合涂层来改善H13模具钢表面的热磨损性能.借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度计和高温摩擦磨损试验机分析了涂层的结合特征、物相组成和不同温度下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,当预置层粉末TiC含量(重量百分比)小于等于20％时,熔覆层与H13钢基材呈良好的冶金结合;随着TiC含量的增加,Co/TiC复合涂层截面平均显微硬度呈上升趋势,但涂层中基体相种类减少:Co+10％TiC涂层由TiCo3、Cr2Ni3和Cr-Ni-Fe-C组成,Co+20％TiC涂层由Cr2Ni3和γ-Co组成,Co+30％TiC涂层为γ-Co固溶体.Co+ 20％ TiC涂层的高温耐磨性比C050涂层显著提高,摩擦系数平稳;700℃时复合涂层的磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和疲劳磨损.结果显示Co+20％TiC涂层具有良好的综合性能.     

采煤机滑靴激光熔覆铁镍基涂层的抗磨性能*

为提高采煤机滑靴在无油工况下的耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术在45钢为基体上分别制备FeNiMo和FeNiMoSi涂层,并对其物相组成及硬度等进行分析。结果发现：制备的涂层结构致密,与基底保持了良好的冶金结合;FeNiMoSi涂层的平均硬度为438HV,分别约为基体（153HV）的2.8倍以及FeNiMo涂层（385HV）的1.1倍。通过往复式摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的干摩擦磨损性能,并探讨其磨损机制。结果表明：随着载荷和滑动速度的增大,涂层的摩擦因数均呈现出减小的趋势;随着载荷的增大,涂层的磨损率逐渐升高;随着滑动速度的增大,FeNiMo涂层的磨损率出现先下降后上升的趋势,而FeNiMoSi涂层的磨损率则逐渐下降;涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、塑性变形以及轻微的氧化磨损。总体来说,FeNiMoSi涂层相比FeNiMo涂层表现出更好的耐磨性能,这是因为涂层中Si元素的添加,不仅起到细晶强化作用,而且促进了FeSi金属间化合物相的生成。     

1100℃下MoSi_2涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能研究

为提高K403镍基高温合金的高温耐磨损能力,采用大气等离子喷涂在镍基上制备了金属间化合物MoSi2涂层,比较分析了基体和涂层与Al2O3配对摩擦副在1100℃下的高温摩擦磨损性能,并采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对摩擦磨损表面进行了物相、形貌和成分分析,进而分析了基体和涂层的磨损机理。研究结果表明:K403合金的摩擦因数在0.35～0.5范围内变化,而MoSi2涂层的摩擦因数在0.65左右波动;MoSi2涂层的磨损率约是基体材料的0.5倍,涂覆MoSi2涂层后,提高了镍基高温合金耐高温磨损能力;镍基合金的高温摩擦磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和疲劳断裂,载荷较小(10N)时,MoSi2涂层的磨损机制主要表现为氧化磨损,较大载荷(40N)时,MoSi2涂层的磨损机制主要表现为氧化磨损和疲劳脆性断裂。     

电弧喷涂制备高硬度、耐磨、抗氧化涂层及其性能研究

腐蚀和磨损是材料破坏的主要形式。在高温工况下，不仅要求涂层具有较高的耐磨性，还要有一定的抗高温氧化性能。采用电弧喷涂的技术制备了1种高硬度、耐磨、抗氧化涂层，测试涂层的硬度、结合强度、磨粒磨损、气孔率以及微观组织结构，并进行了分析讨论。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....