ER70s 6焊丝钢洁净度和表面质量研究

钢的洁净度和铸坯的表面缺陷直接影响焊丝钢的性能。分析了炼钢各工序钢液中的全氧和夹杂物数量、夹杂物成分和形貌;统计了铸坯的表面缺陷。其结果表明,钢中夹杂物主要有以MnO Al2O3 SiO2 CaO为主的复合脱氧氧化物夹杂物、MnO Al2O3脱氧产物夹杂,铸坯表面缺陷主要有表面气孔和表面裂纹。     

含钙钡合金脱氧和非金属夹杂物控制技术研究

采用MoSi2电阻炉在1〖KG-*9〗873 K下开展了含钙钡合金脱氧和非金属夹杂物控制技术研究。结果表明，各组实验终点钢中夹杂物平均长度均小于8 μm，并都有纯三氧化二铝夹杂物存在。采用含钙钡合金的复合脱氧工艺，终点钢中未发现含钡夹杂物，有较多以CaO Al2O3为主要成分的复合夹杂物，w（T.O）＞50×10-6。用AlMnCa脱氧，终点钢样w（T.O）＝37×10-6，含氧化钙夹杂物较少，大于20 μm的夹杂物数量占总夹杂物数量的1.2%。     

加压感应熔炼Fe Cr V系高氮钢及其铝脱氧

 真空/加压感应炉以10 MPa高纯氮(体积分数≥99999%)为氮源熔炼了Fe Cr V高氮钢,分析了氮的溶解度与氮分压和铬、钒含量的关系。氮在Fe Cr V合金中的溶解服从Sievert定律,氮的溶解度随铬和钒含量的增加而增加。用Al和Fe Al(铝的质量分数为50%)合金加顶渣对Fe Cr V合金进行了脱氧实验,Fe Al合金加CaF2 CaO Al2O3(各成分比例为1∶4∶1)顶渣40 min可使Fe 20Cr 193V合金的氧的质量分数降低到0007 2%。     

高炉渣中非晶态及晶态含量的定量分析

利用X射线衍射法分析了高炉渣中的非晶态和晶态含量,高炉渣（主要成分为w（CaO）382%,w（SiO2）357%,w（Al2O3）163%,w(MgO)83%）中晶态与非晶态含量的定量比例系数为070。     

硼对低碳钢中夹杂物形态的影响

研究结果表明:硅锰脱氧的含硼低碳钢中的夹杂物以长条状的MnO-SiO2夹杂物为主,其长宽比为8.7～16.6,变形程度高;随着钢中硼含量的增加,长条状变形夹杂物的比例呈上升的趋势;铝脱氧的低铝含硼低碳钢中的夹杂物以MnO-Al2O3-TiO2与MnS的长条状复合夹杂物为主,其长宽比为9.3～16.3.对比分析认为,这两类长条状夹杂物均为含B2O3的低熔点氧化物塑性夹杂.高铝的含硼低碳钢中的氧化物夹杂主要是Al2O3,未发现变形的长条状氧化物夹杂.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定FeCuNbSiB纳米晶

提出了用熔融制样 X射线荧光光谱法测定FeCuNbSiB纳米晶合金炉渣中TFe, CaO,MgO,SiO2,Al2O3,MnO,CuO,Nb2O5和TiO2的方法。讨论了玻璃熔片的制备、混合熔剂和脱模剂的用量、基体的吸收和增强效应校正,以及用人工配制的标准样品绘制校准曲线等问题。在最佳的分析条件下,测定了人工配制的标准样品中TFe,CaO,MgO,SiO2,Al2O3,MnO,CuO,Nb2O5和TiO2的含量,11次测定结果的相对标准偏差小于07%,所得的分析结果与标准样品的标准值相符合。用此方法分析了FeCuNbSiB纳米晶合金炉渣试样,用同一样品在完全相同条件下制备了11个熔片进行测量,其测定结果的相对标准偏差小于30%,所得分析结果与其他方法的测定值相一致。     

坩埚材质及顶渣成分对帘线钢夹杂物成分的影响

 使用碳管炉熔炼帘线钢72A,研究不同材质坩埚及不同成分顶渣对钢中夹杂物的影响。结果表明,MgO坩埚冶炼的帘线钢中夹杂物变形率高于ZrO2、SiO2、Al2O3坩埚。采用SiO2坩埚冶炼时,钢中夹杂物几乎不变形,其SiO2含量大于90%(质量分数,下同)。采用Al2O3坩埚,个别夹杂物Al2O3的含量达到40%左右,不适合冶炼帘线钢。钢中夹杂物成分进入较低熔点区(即不大于1500℃的区域)的条件为：采用MgO坩埚,顶渣碱度为10时,wAl2O3≤3%,或顶渣碱度为09时,wAl2O3为9%;采用ZrO2坩埚时,顶渣碱度为11~12时,wAl2O3为3%。     

LD-LF-CC流程冶炼87Si钢的非金属夹杂的演变规律研究

为了减少和控制87Si钢中的夹杂物,论文采用热力学计算和试样分析检测的方法,对LD-LF-CC工艺生产87Si钢的夹杂物在各工序的种类和数量进行了系统地研究,对减少和控制87Si钢中的夹杂物有指导意义。结果表明:夹杂物在LF进站时,Al2O3-SiO2-MnO系为主,随着LF精炼的进行,渣中大量的[Ca]进入钢液,夹杂物成分逐渐向Al2O3-CaO-SiO2夹杂物转变。轧材中夹杂物中Al2O3稳定在33%,CaO达到40%,CaO/Al2O3为1.2。对于87Si钢,Al含量在0.006%左右,需要0.0075%的Mg就会有镁铝尖晶石析出,Ca含量在0.077%~1.204%时,Al2O3会转化为液态。     

齿轮钢中非金属夹杂物控制技术研究

为了降低钢的T[O]含量和生成较低熔点的非金属夹杂物以改善合金结构钢的抗疲劳破坏性能,在炉外精炼中采用了高碱度和高Al2O3含量的渣系.研究发现LF和RH精炼结束时钢液T[O]含量均随炉渣碱度增加而降低,在炉渣Al2O3含量低于25%时,T[O]随炉渣Al2O3含量减少而降低,而当炉渣Al2O3超过25%后,T[O]则随炉渣Al2O3含量增加而降低.精炼过程钢液中夹杂物按"Al2O3系夹杂物→MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物→CaO-MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物"顺序发生转变,其中MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物向CaO-MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物的转变是由外向内逐步进行的,转变速度相对较慢,因而致使LF结束时钢中仍存在许多尚未转变的Mgo-Al2O3系夹杂物.钢液T[O]对夹杂物转变有显著影响,降低T[O]含量有利于生成较低熔点的CaO-MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物.     

精炼渣碱度对304不锈钢夹杂物的影响

结合生产实际,采用定量金相和SEM+EDS统计分析方法,研究了硅脱氧条件下,精炼渣碱度对304奥氏体不锈钢在LF精炼、连铸过程夹杂物变化规律的影响。结果表明:钢水中主要形成球状CaO-Al2O3-SiO2类复合夹杂,适当高的精炼渣碱度有利于钢中细小夹杂物的形成。随精炼渣碱度的提高,复合夹杂物中CaO含量增加,SiO2含量减小,Al2O3含量变化不大。现场条件下,由FeSi合金带入钢中的Al形成的Al2O3对复合夹杂物的塑性变形影响较大。在精炼渣碱度分别为1.0和1.5时,铸坯复合夹杂物中Al2O3质量分数为25%左右,夹杂物的变形能力稍弱。     

高碱度精炼渣对GCr15轴承钢洁净度的影响

 利用实验室渣-钢平衡试验研究了高碱度精炼渣对GCr15轴承钢中[w(T[O])]和夹杂物的影响。结合试验结果和热力学分析,探讨了钢中[w(T[O])、]夹杂物尺寸分布和粒径大小的变化规律,以及氧化物夹杂的转变过程。研究结果表明,碱度为6时,精炼渣(59.4%CaO-24.8%Al2O3-9.8%SiO2-6%MgO)可将钢中[w(T[O])]控制在0.000 6%以内,氧化物夹杂平均尺寸最小为2.26 μm。随着钢中[w([Ca])]和[w([Mg])]的增加,钢中氧化物夹杂转变过程为Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3→MgO→CaO-Al2O3-MgO复合夹杂物(核心为MgO,外围包裹着CaO-Al2O3)。渣-钢反应前期钢中以MgO·Al2O3为主,后期以MgO和CaO-Al2O3-MgO复合夹杂物为主。氧化物夹杂转变的试验结果与热力学分析结果相一致,大多数氧化物夹杂尺寸小于5 μm。     

H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制

 通过对保护气氛电渣重熔工艺和普通电渣重熔工艺H13钢的锻材成分、氧化物夹杂的组成分析,研究了电渣重熔工艺H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制问题,并通过Factsage软件对Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的各优势区进行了理论计算。结果表明,保护气氛电渣重熔工艺中氧质量分数较低,仅为0.001 5%,氧化物夹杂主要是MgO·Al2O3,1～3 μm的小尺寸占比达到了62.5%;普通电渣重熔工艺中氧质量分数较高,达到了0.002 4%,Mg-Al-O系夹杂物以72.5%Al2O3＋27.5%MgO·Al2O3为主,含有4%的5～8 μm大尺寸夹杂物,1～3 μm小尺寸占比仅为37.8%,尺寸偏大。钢液中镁、氧质量分数的变化对MgO·Al2O3的优势区域影响较大,高镁、低氧有利于MgO·Al2O3生成,减小H13钢中氧化物夹杂尺寸。但MgO·Al2O3会作为大尺寸碳氮化物(Ti,Nb,V)(C,N)异质形核核心,后期对此问题还要做进一步研究。     

Evolution of oxide inclusions in W800 non- oriented electrical steel

Inclusion is one of the major factors affecting magnetic properties of non- oriented electrical steel. Steel and slag samples were sampled in the production route of W800 non- oriented electrical steel. The composition of slags and the content of TO were measured by XRF and oxygen and nitrogen analyzer. The morphology, amount and composition of oxide inclusions were analyzed by an automated scanning electron microscope ASPEX. Before adding aluminum, the oxide inclusions are mainly spherical silicon oxide and a few SiO2- MnO wrapped by SiO2. Due to the high affinity with oxygen of aluminum, the oxide inclusions changed to alumina and MgO??Al2O3 spinel after adding aluminum. Only two types of morphologies of Al2O3 can be observed by polishing and acid etching. Sphere shape, cluster and polyhedron shape of Al2O3 can be observed after electrolysis of nonaqueous solution. Therefore, electrolysis of nonaqueous solution is more effective and accurate in revealing the morphologies of oxides. The average content of MgO in inclusions increases to 8. 1 mass% during soft blowing, due to the erosion of refractories.The inclusions grows larger and are removed effectively by argon blowing. Nearly no CaO exists in oxides because of low basicity and mass ratio of CaO to Al2O3. With the addition of Al, the inclusions are SiO2, liquid SiO2- Al2O3 and Al2O3, which are in agreement with the observed results.     

Cleanliness of Alloying Structural Steel

 Alloying structural steel used for mechanical structures has a high requirement for cleanliness because its failures are greatly affected by non-metallic inclusions and total oxygen content in steel. It has been reported by some steelmaking plants to have some problems in controlling total oxygen content and inclusions during alloying structural steel production. For this purpose, cleanliness control in 02C-03Si-06Mn-1Cr-02Mo steel was investigated. Firstly, low melting temperature zone (≤1873 K) of CaO-Al2O3-MgO system and formation condition of low melting temperature inclusions were investigated through thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. On this basis, industrial tests were carried out. Through sampling at different stages, transformation of oxide inclusions and change of total oxygen content in steel were studied. The results show that: in order to form CaO-Al2O3-MgO system inclusions with low melting temperature, mass percent of Al2O3, MgO and CaO in inclusions should be controlled from 376% to 708%, 0 to 174% and 255% to 606%; For the condition of 1873 K and 005% (mass percent) dissolved aluminum in steel, the activities of dissolved oxygen, magnesium and calcium should be controlled as 0298×10-4-2×10-4, 01×10-5-40×10-5 and 08×10-8-180×10-8 respectively. With secondary refining proceeding, average total oxygen content and inclusion amount decrease, the type of most inclusions changes from Al2O3 after tapping to Al2O3-MgO after top slag is formed during ladle furnace refining and finally to CaO-Al2O3-MgO after RH treatment. In the final products, average total oxygen content was 127×10-6 and most inclusions were in spherical shape with size less than 5 μm.     

Inclusion Variations of Hot Working Die Steel H13 in Refining Process

 Inclusion variations of die steel H13, including changes of species, morphologies, compositions, amounts and sizes, in the production of EAF→LF→VD→ingot casting→electro-slag refining (ESR) procedure, were investigated by systematic sampling, and analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and metallographic microscope. The variation mechanism was studied by comprehensive analysis of total oxygen, nitrogen, and acid soluble aluminum as well as chemical test of refining slag. Based on the investigations, technical measures for cleanness improvement were discussed. The results show that oxide inclusions in H13 steel change from irregular Al2O3→near globular CaO-MgO-Al2O3 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 complex inclusions→finer CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 inclusions with higher CaO content→CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 inclusions with higher Al2O3 content and irregular MgO-Al2O3 inclusions→fine irregular MgO-Al2O3-CaS inclusions in various steps of the production; the variations are related with changes of acid soluble aluminum content, reactions between slag and steel, re-oxidation of liquid steel during casting, and refining of ESR. It is also found that Al2O3 inclusions are modified by refining slag in LF and VD refining; and ESR plays a good role in inclusion removal, especially in controlling the large linear VC-CrC-MoC inclusions distributed in grain boundaries. It is suggested that casting protection should be improved, and the basicity of refining slag and acid soluble aluminum content in steel should be raised.     

非钙处理铝脱氧车轮钢夹杂物形成及变形行为

 通过采用扫描电镜对BOF-LF-RH-CC非钙处理工艺生产车轮钢系统取样样品中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸及组成的分析,研究了精炼和凝固过程氧化物夹杂的形成、上浮去除和析出过程,以及轧制过程夹杂物的变形行为。研究发现,在非钙处理条件下,LF精炼过程会形成大量MgO-Al2O3夹杂和CaO-Al2O3夹杂,并且在RH精炼过程中存在MgO-Al2O3夹杂向CaO-Al2O3夹杂的转变过程,最终导致铸坯中出现低变性CaO-Al2O3夹杂;在软吹和镇静过程中,炉渣或空气对钢液的二次氧化与钢液中夹杂物上浮去除存在动态平衡;在钢液凝固过程中,固液界面的Al2O3等氧化物夹杂为MnS的析出提供了异质形核点,形成半包裹状的Al2O3-MnS类复合夹杂物;在轧制过程中,团簇状Al2O3夹杂容易被轧碎在板卷中形成点链状,高熔点半包裹的Al2O3-MnS类复合夹杂物被轧制成小尾巴状,而低熔点的CaO-Al2O3-MnS的复合夹杂形成连续的条状。     

Mg脱氧对船板结构钢中夹杂物的影响

研究了Mg脱氧对于船板结构钢中微米级夹杂物演变行为的影响.钢中典型夹杂物是中心为氧化物、外围为MnS的复合夹杂物.随着钢中Mg含量的增高,独立氧化物和独立硫化物的数量减少,氧化物和硫化物的复合夹杂物数量增多,同时夹杂物的尺寸减小、数量增加.随着钢中Mg含量从0升高到27 ×10^-4％、38×10^-4％、99 ×10^-4％,夹杂物中心氧化物成分的变化趋势是：Al2O3→（Mg-Al-Ti-O）→MgO.     

超低碳钢中Al?Ti?O夹杂物的形貌演变和生成机理

对超低碳IF钢钛合金化后的非金属夹杂物进行了分析,研究发现钛合金化后的夹杂物主要为Al₂O₃和Al?Ti?O夹杂物,没有发现纯TiO_x夹杂物。钢中生成的Al?Ti?O复合夹杂物从形貌上均可分为七种类型,四种具有Al₂O₃外层,另外三种无Al₂O₃外层。钛合金化后,钢中瞬态生成了大量无Al₂O₃外层的Al?Ti?O夹杂物,随后夹杂物表面生成Al₂O₃外层,导致有Al₂O₃外层的Al?Ti?O夹杂物数量比例逐渐增加至78.0%。热力学计算结果表明,随着钢中钛含量的增加,夹杂物的转变顺序为固态Al₂O₃→液态Al?Ti?O→固态Ti₂O₃。确定了Al?Ti?O夹杂物的生成机理过程分为两步:精炼过程钛合金化后,当钢液局部区域的钛的质量分数高于0.42%时,[Ti]与钢液反应瞬态生成Al₂O₃?TiO_x或TiO_x;随着精炼过程中钛元素的混匀,含TiO_x夹杂物被钢中[Al]还原,Al₂O₃?TiO_x和TiO_x夹杂物逐渐转变,在夹杂物表面生成Al₂O₃。      

超低氧钢中复合夹杂物形成的实验室研究简

 通过实验室真空感应炉试验,研究了超低氧条件下钢中复合非金属夹杂物的形成。研究发现：在含有一定硫的超低氧钢中高熔点氧化物夹杂很少,大部分为MnS。钢中Al2O3的尺寸较MgO-Al2O3系夹杂要大。以高熔点夹杂物为异质形核核心析出的MnS能显著提高钢材的疲劳寿命,此种复合夹杂物的形成与钢液成分、高熔点夹杂物的尺寸有关。     

齿轮钢锻件关键区域氧化物和硫化物夹杂的分布特征

摘要：齿轮是机械传动的关键结构部件，为了改善齿轮的服役性能，提高疲劳寿命，需要清楚齿轮钢中的夹杂物类型、数量、尺寸、分布。采用夹杂物自动扫描仪、氧含量分析手段、扫描电镜对齿轮钢锻件不同位置进行夹杂物评估。结果表明：铸件中心位置TO质量分数较高，为10×10-6，对应小尺寸夹杂物数量较多，而大尺寸夹杂物在关键区域的分布较多。钢中氧化物夹杂主要为Al2O3、Al2O3复合类的尖晶石和钙铝酸盐复合夹杂物，且尺寸较大，分布不均匀，对齿轮钢关键区域的影响较大。钢中硫化物夹杂分布均匀，尺寸较小，热力学计算表明，该类夹杂在凝固过程中凝固率g＞0.44时，MnS开始析出，通过控制硫化物夹杂析出及分布有助于改善齿轮钢质量。