7050-T7451铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接试验分析

在不同焊接参数下进行了7050-T7451铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接试验,对接头显微组织进行了光学和TEM分析,并测试了接头的抗拉强度和硬度分布.焊接工艺参数通过影响接头微观组织和焊接缺陷来影响接头的力学性能,在转速800r/min和焊速200mm/min的情况下,接头的抗拉强度最高达到母材强度的88%.焊接热输入较高时,接头的拉伸断裂出现在热影响区,而热输入较低时,焊缝底部出现未焊合,接头从此处首先发生开裂.结果表明,焊核区发生了动态再结晶和沉淀相溶解;热影响区发生了沉淀相粗化,晶间出现无沉淀带.     

Microstructure and Strain Hardening of a Friction Stir Welded High-Strength Al–Zn–Mg Alloy

Microstructural evolution and strain hardening behavior of a friction stir welded（FSWed） high-strength7075Al-T651 alloy were evaluated.The nugget zone was observed to consist of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains with a low dislocation density and free of original precipitates,but containing uniformly distributed dispersoids.The strength,joint efficiency,and ductility of the FSWed joints increased with increasing welding speed.A joint efficiency of ＊91% was achieved at a welding speed of 400 mm/min and rotational rate of 800 r/min,while the ductility remained basically the same as that of the base metal.There was no obvious strain rate sensitivity observed in both base metal and welded joints.While both the base metal and FSWed joints exhibited stage III and IV hardening characteristics,the hardening capacity,strain hardening exponent,and strain hardening rate all increased after friction stir welding.     

C18000铜合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与性能

对3.5 mm厚的C18000铜合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊焊接试验. 在焊接速度120 mm/min,转速1 200 r/min工艺下获得无缺陷焊接接头. 在金相显微镜下对接头的宏观形貌、微观组织进行观察,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对母材和搅拌区组织进行观察分析. 结果表明,接头区大致分为母材区、热影响区、热力影响区和搅拌区,搅拌区晶粒细小均匀,热力影响区晶粒沿边界切线方向被拉长;搅拌区Cr₃Si相部分溶解,搅拌区组织中的Cr单质相和Ni₂Si相溶解导致接头硬度和抗拉强度下降. 搅拌区平均硬度为151.4 HV;接头抗拉强度为497 MPa,达到母材的72%;接头电导率下降为35%IACS.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备A356铝基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能(英文)

通过搅拌摩擦加工技术将SiC颗粒加入到A356铝合金中制备铝基复合材料,搅拌摩擦加工参数为:旋转速度1800r/min和行进速度127mm/min。基体金属A356铝合金为亚共晶AlSi枝晶组织,而搅拌区的组织与基体金属区不同。共晶Si和SiC颗粒均匀分布于初始铝固溶体中,而经历了剧烈变形的热力影响区的共晶Si和SiC颗粒呈沿旋转方向分散的特征。搅拌区的硬度比基体金属的高,因为在搅拌区存在的缺陷明显减少,共晶Si和SiC均匀分布在其中。     

Dissimilar Joining of Pure Copper to Aluminum Alloy via Friction Stir Welding

In this study, the dissimilar friction stir welding(FSW) butt joints between aluminum alloy 5754-H114 and commercially pure copper were investigated. The thickness of welded plates was 4 mm and the aluminum plate was placed on the advancing side. In order to obtain a suitable flow and a better material mixing, a 1-mm offset was considered for the aluminum plate, toward the butt centerline. For investigating the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSWed joints, optical microscopy and mechanical tests(i.e., uniaxial tensile test and microhardness) were used, respectively.Furthermore, the analysis of intermetallic compounds and fracture surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effect of heat generation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the FSWed joints was investigated. The results showed that there is an optimum amount of heat input. The intermetallic compounds formed in FSWed joints were Al4Cu9 and Al2Cu. The best results were found in joints with 1000 rpm rotational speed and100 mm/min travel speed. The tensile strength was found as 219 MPa, which reached 84% of the aluminum base strength.Moreover, maximum value of the microhardness of the stir zone(SZ) was attained as about 120 HV, which was greatly depended on the grain size, intermetallic compounds and copper pieces in SZ.     

2205双相不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能

采用不同搅拌头转速,研究了搅拌头转速对4 mm厚2205双相不锈钢板材搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响. 结果表明,当焊接速度为50 mm/min时,搅拌头转速在600 ~ 800 r/min的范围内,均可获得表面成形良好且内部无缺陷的接头.接头搅拌区在动态再结晶的作用下组织得到细化,硬度值较高,热影响区在焊接热作用下组织粗化,硬度值较低.整个接头的铁素体含量在50% ~ 60%范围内,且随着转速的升高搅拌区的铁素体含量有所增加. 当转速为600 r/min时,接头的抗拉强度达到最大824 MPa,为母材的97.3%,断裂位置为接头的热影响区.     

Microstructure evolution and microhardness of friction stir welded cast aluminum bronze

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of a friction stir welded cast aluminum bronze (Cu–9Al–1Fe), produced by a sand casting method, have been investigated at tool rotation of 850–1500 rpm and traverse speed of 50–100 mm/min. Refinement of the primary coarse cast microstructure in the base metal was seen after friction stir welding. Microstructure of the stir zone was characterized in four distinct areas of non-isometric fine grains while a significant grain growth was noticed in some of the areas. Conditions of grain growth are defined with high heat input intensity and low heat transfer capability. The grain size was observed to decrease after FSW, resulting in a greater microhardness across the welded region from about 100 HV in the base metal to about 150 HV at the center of the stir zone. The increased hardness in the stir zone may have stemmed from the locally refined grain size according to Hall–Petch relation.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 1.5 GPa Martensitic High-Strength Steel Plates

In this study, 2.4 mm thick high-strength martensitic steel plates with a tensile strength of 1500 MPa were friction stir welded at various welding speeds of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mm/min and a constant rotation speed of 300 rpm. Sound joints could be obtained when the welding speed was 40, 60 and 80 mm/min, while a kissing bond was found in the joint welded at 100 and 120 mm/min. It was revealed that the peak temperature exceeded A_C3 (the end temperature at which all ferrite transformed to austenite when the steel was heated) for all the welding conditions and martensitic structures were finally formed in the stir zone of the joints. A significant decrease in hardness was located in the heat-affected zone, which had a transitional microstructure from tempered martensite near base metal to a mixed structure containing hard martensite, soft ferrite and bainite near stir zone. For the sound joints, the specimen was fractured in the heat-affected zone during tensile tests and the highest tensile strength could reach about 1058 MPa.     

SiCp/2009Al复合材料搅拌摩擦焊T形接头组织与力学性能

在工具转速800 ~ 1200 r/min、焊接速度100 ~ 150 mm/min的工艺参数下，对6 mm厚的硬态(自然时效态)体积分数为15% SiCp/2009Al复合材料轧制板材进行T形搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding, FSW)，均获得了致密无缺陷的接头. 结果表明，FSW过程中，剧烈塑性变形使焊核区部分SiC颗粒发生一定程度的破碎，破碎程度随转速的增加而增加，随焊接速度的增加而减弱；焊核区中的微米级强化相发生破碎、溶解，并沿焊核区细晶界面析出. T形接头横板两侧各存在2个低硬度区，靠近焊核区的低硬度区的硬度比远离焊核区的低硬度区的硬度低；固定焊接速度为100 mm/min时，转速从800 r/min增加到1200 r/min时，接头的抗拉强度不变；固定转速为800 r/min时，将焊接速度从100 mm/min增加到150 mm/min时，接头的抗拉强度轻微降低. 接头拉伸过程中在横板与竖板交界处受应力最大，所有接头均在此区域断裂.     

Improvement of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Al-1100 Alloy via Friction Stir Processing

In the present study, the relationship between structural and mechanical properties of friction stir processed Al-1100 alloy and process parameters (tool rotation rate: ω and traverse speed: ν) was studied to get an better understanding and optimizing the friction stir processing (FSP) condition of this alloy. Microstructural studies revealed that increasing of ω up to 720 rpm resulted in grain refinement in the stirred zone (SZ), but higher increasing of ω caused grain growth in this zone. These variations of SZ grain size illustrated that the prevailing factor that determined the SZ grain size was plastic deformation at first and thereafter, peak temperature in the SZ. Mechanical properties investigations were in accordance with microstructural findings and illustrated that optimized FSP condition for Al-1100 alloy was 720 rpm and 20 mm/min. Optimized FSP condition resulted in a significant improvement of tensile strength and elongation up to 22 and 8% of those of base metal, respectively.     

铝合金无减薄搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化及特征分析

为提高无减薄搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能,基于响应面法对参数进行优化,建立了响应面模型,并对模型进行回归分析. 结果表明,无减薄搅拌摩擦焊是成形优良的焊接工艺,而且焊接参数对接头拉伸性能影响明显,其中主轴转速及焊接速度对其影响更为显著. 在无缺陷条件下,提高主轴转速的同时选取适中的焊接速度,以得到性能更优的焊接接头. 焊接参数为主轴转速1 000 r/min,焊接速度200 mm/min、轴肩下压量0.25 mm时,接头的抗拉强度最大为363 MPa,为母材的94.3%,断后伸长率11.2%. 而且相比于常规搅拌摩擦焊,无减薄搅拌摩擦焊在厚度方向上的性能更加均匀.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir weld of dissimilar AZ31-O magnesium alloy to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

Dissimilar friction stir welding between AZ31-O Mg and 6061-T6 Al alloys was investigated. 3 mm thick plates of aluminum and magnesium were used. Friction stir welding operations were performed at different rotation and travel speeds. The rotation speeds varied from 600 to 1400 r/min, and the travel speed varied from 20 to 60 mm/min. Defect-free weld was obtained with a rotation speed of 1000 r/min and travel speed of 40 mm/min. Metallographic studies showed that the grain size in the stir zone is much finer than that in the base metals. Complex flow pattern was formed in the stir zone. Microhardness measurement revealed an uneven distribution in the stir zone. Tensile test results indicated that the tensile strength of the welded specimen is about 76% of AZ31 Mg alloy and 60% of the 6061 Al alloy in tensile strength. SEM fracture surface image of the welded specimen indicated that the welded specimen failed through brittle-mode fracture.     

LY12铝合金摩擦点焊工艺及力学性能

摩擦点焊是在搅拌摩擦焊基础上开发的一种新型固态连接技术.针对2 mm厚的LY12铝合金,研究了摩擦点焊过程中的焊接工艺参数对焊点成形及力学性能的影响.结果表明,当焊接时间一定,搅拌头旋转速度较高时,焊点的表面成形较好;随着搅拌头旋转速度的降低,焊点的表面成形逐渐变差.焊点的抗剪载荷随搅拌头旋转速度增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当搅拌头旋转速度为950 r/min、焊接时间为8 s时,焊点的抗剪载荷达到最大值,为9.33 kN/点.焊点横截面的显微硬度测试结果表明,显微硬度沿匙孔中心呈高-低-较高-低-高的"W"形分布,最小值出现在热影响区,塑性区的显微硬度较高,但略小于母材.     

AZ91D镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对AZ91D镁合金进行焊接试验,研究了搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与性能.结果表明,当转速为1 000～1 400 r/min、焊速为50～150 mm/min时,均可得到表面成形良好、内部无孔洞和隧道的焊缝;焊接区与母材组织差异极大,焊接区形成细小、均匀的再结晶组织,具有锻造组织特征;热影响区为部分再结晶组织,再结晶晶粒沿原铸造晶粒的晶界生长;对接头进行拉伸试验,断裂发生在母材处,表明接头的抗拉强度高于母材.     

纯铝纯铁搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与力学性能

选用3 mm厚冷轧态高纯铝板和退火态高纯铁板作为焊接母材,使用300/400/500/600 r/min-100 mm/min和300 r/min-80/60 mm/min焊接参数进行铝/铁异种金属搅拌摩擦焊对接焊试验。对焊接接头进行显微硬度和拉伸性能测试,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等对接头组织进行表征。焊缝宏观形貌观察发现,焊缝的正面和背面有孔洞,正面出现毛刺。随着转速焊速比增加,孔洞消失毛刺增加。拉伸试验结果显示,共出现3种失效模式,分别为在300 r/min-100 mm/min参数下孔洞缺陷处断裂,300 r/min-80/60 mm/min参数下Al/Fe界面断裂和400/500/600 r/min-100 mm/min处Al侧基体断裂,3种模式下的最大焊接效率分别为40.1%、41.0%和60.4%,其中Al侧基体断裂模式的焊接效率最高。出现在焊核区的孔洞降低了接头强度,导致了缺陷断裂;在300 r/min低转速下,界面未达到有效的冶金结合,界面强度低于Al基体强度,导致Al/Fe界面断裂。硬度试验结果显示,铝侧硬度呈现先下降后上升...     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对板厚6mm的6061铝合金板在不同参数下进行焊接,研究6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺以及主要参数对焊缝成形和接头力学性能的影响,观察焊接接头的金相组织,通过硬度分布测试分析焊接接头的力学不均匀性.结果表明:压入量过大或过小时容易造成焊接接头成形差等缺陷,压入量为0.3 mm时可以获得优质的焊缝成形;搅...     

Ti/Al异种合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的界面特性(英文)

采用搅拌摩擦焊实现TC1钛合金和LF6铝合金异种材料的搭接连接,并对界面特性进行研究。采用所选取的工艺参数均能获得良好的表面成形,但每一种工艺参数下的界面形貌不同。随着焊接速度的增加或搅拌头转速的降低,被搅拌针搅入焊核区的钛合金粒子的数量减少,而且搭接接头的抗拉载荷也随着焊接速度的提高而降低。当焊接速度为60mm/min、搅拌头旋转速度为1500r/min时,接头的抗拉载荷达到最大值,此时的界面区可以分成三层。搭接接头的显微硬度分布不均匀,焊核中心区的显微硬度值最大,高达HV502。     

Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy

Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 Al alloy and AZ31 Mg alloy with the plate thickness of 6 mm was investigated. Sound weld was obtained at rotation speed of 600 r/min and welding speed of 40 mm/min. Compared with the base materials, the microstructure of the stir zone is greatly refined. Complex flow pattern characterized by intercalation lamellae is formed in the stir zone. Microhardness measurement of the dissimilar welds presents an uneven distribution due to the complicated microstructure of the weld, and the maximum value of microhardness in the stir zone is twice higher than that of the base materials. The tensile fracture position locates at the advancing side (aluminum side), where the hardness distribution of weld shows a sharp decrease from the stir zone to 5052 base material.     

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al alloys with different hardening mechanisms

The mechanical properties of precipitation hardened Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6 and strain hardened Al 5083-H32, friction stir welded with various welding parameters, were examined in the present study. 4 mm thick Al 6061-T651, Al 7075-T6, and Al 5083-H32 alloy plates were used for friction stir welding (FSW) with rotating speed varied from 1000 to 2500 rpm (rotation per minute) and welding speed ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mpm (m/min). Each alloy displayed slightly different trends with respect to the effect of different welding parameters on the tensile properties of the FSWed Al alloys. The tensile elongation of FSWed Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6 tended to increase greatly, while the tensile strength decreased marginally, with increasing welding speed and/or decreasing rotating speed. The tensile strength and the tensile elongation of Al 6061-T651 decreased from 135 to 154 MPa and 10.6 to 17.0%, respectively, with increasing welding speed from 0.1 to 0.4 mpm at a rotating speed of 1,600 rpm. Unlike the age-hardened Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6, the strain-hardened Al 5083-H32 showed no notable change in tensile property with varying welding parameters. The change in the strength level with different welding parameters for each alloy was not as significant as the variation in tensile elongation. It was believed that the tensile elongation of FSWed Al alloys with varying welding parameters was mainly determined by the coarse particle clustering. With respect to the change in tensile strength during friction stir welding, it is hypothesized that two competing mechanisms, recovery by friction and heat and strain hardening by plastic flow in the weld zone offset the effects of different welding parameters on the tensile strength level of FSWed Al alloys.