控制螺栓预紧力矩的液压装置

工程上普遍采用螺栓来紧固结构。为了增强联接的刚性、紧密性及防松能力,必须对每个紧固螺栓进行拧紧,给予一定的预紧力。预紧力的大小是通过拧紧力矩来控制的,一般工程上采用控制拧紧力矩的方法很多,例如:使用测力矩扳手或定力矩扳手,装配时测量螺栓的伸长量,规定开始拧紧后的扳动角度和圈数等。理论上计算拧紧力矩 T 的公式为 T=T_1+T_2,式中:T_1为螺旋副间的摩擦力矩,T_2为螺母与支承面间的摩擦力矩。由于摩擦力不稳定等种种因素,加在扳手上的力难于准确控制。有时会把螺栓拧得过紧,给以后工作留下隐患;有时会把螺栓拧得太松,而未达到原先要求的预紧。出现上述情况,我们要力求避免。现介绍一种能合理地控制预紧力的液压式预紧螺栓联接方法。     

多螺栓连接结构预紧力实验研究

开展多螺栓连接结构预紧力实验研究,获得了其在纯拧紧力矩作用下的预紧力及其响应规律。研究采用应变片测试方法,首先对单螺栓连接结构进行了预紧力实验,获得了不同拧紧力矩条件下螺杆上的轴向应变、轴向应力及预紧力,并通过与经验公式计算结果比较,验证了预紧力测试方法的合理性。在此基础上,开展了多螺栓连接结构预紧力实验研究。为比较相同拧紧力矩条件下,多螺栓连接结构与单螺栓连接结构预紧力水平间的差异,定义了预紧力比例因子K_(pro)。实验结果表明,由于螺栓组内部各螺栓间的相互影响,其预紧力水平明显低于单螺栓结构,并与螺栓拧紧状态相关。就本文所采用的多螺栓连接结构而言,在拧紧力矩较低、螺栓尚未完全拧紧时,K_(pro)为0.7~0.8,其预紧力水平为单螺栓结构的0.7~0.8倍;当拧紧力矩较高、螺栓处于稳定的拧紧状态时,K_(pr)为0.6左右,其预紧力约为单螺栓结构的0.6倍。     

法兰螺栓横向微动磨损试验研究

为了研究法兰联接螺栓在横向振动的松动机理,借助于横向振动疲劳试验机进行模拟紧固件横向微动磨损试验,进而观察螺栓联接在不同的横向载荷与频率作用下预紧力与预紧力矩衰退过程,并测量其磨损量和表面损伤情况。实验结果表明:螺栓预紧力下降分为两个阶段;实验初期预紧力下降迅速的塑性形变阶段和预紧力下降缓慢的微动磨损阶段。预紧力矩下降分为三个阶段:第一阶段由于较高的局部接触应力,预紧力矩下降不明显;第二阶段由于塑性形变扩大,预紧力矩迅速下降;第三阶段螺栓进入微动磨损阶段,预紧力矩开始缓慢下降。螺栓在低频振动下,质量变化量对于频率微小的变化不敏感。螺栓与夹具接触的表面磨损情况随着交变幅值载荷增加而增加;随着频率的增加而减小。     

八通缓冲器联接螺栓预紧力控制方法分析

分析了八通缓冲器联接螺栓预紧力的控制方法,给出了各种控制方法的工艺参数.通过计算分析得出力矩法是目前最经济有效的控制手段,而液压拉紧器法是最精确而投资最大的一种预紧力控制手段.螺母转角法,力矩/转角法和预紧力指示垫圈法介于上述两者之间.螺栓伸长法由于空间限制无法实施.     

基于金属与金属接触的蒸汽发生器螺栓预紧载荷研究

基于金属与金属接触密封机理,对压水堆核电站蒸汽发生器密封结构螺栓预紧力的确定进行了探讨。通过有限元分析方法,获得了蒸汽发生器密封结构螺栓载荷-伸长量曲线,并给出了蒸汽发生器螺栓伸长量的确定方法。     

飞机结构强度试验中卡板拧紧力矩研究

为了确定飞机结构强度试验中卡板拧紧力矩大小,根据一般卡板加载系统拧紧螺杆连接和装配形式,推导了螺栓拧紧力矩计算公式,并结合试验结果证实其有效性和合理性。基于卡板传力特点,考虑多因素情况下,通过受力分析给出了卡板螺杆预紧力大小选取方法,可作为一般飞机结构强度试验中计算和设定预紧力参考。     

基于转角法预紧的连杆螺栓预紧力测试装置及方法的研究

在采用初始力矩加固定转角方法进行大型柴油机连杆螺栓预紧时,难以测量实际力矩大小,文中开发出一种基于转角法的连杆螺栓预紧力测试装置,以测量连杆螺栓轴向力与转角的关系,能够将连杆螺栓预紧时施加的初始扭矩和转角换算成连杆螺栓预紧力大小.     

600t硝酸吸收塔吊装抱箍设计计算

提出了一种适用于大吨位薄壁筒吊装的新型抱箍结构,推导出了竖向载荷作用下螺栓预紧力计算公式。以600 t硝酸吸收塔吊装为例,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了抱箍的有限元模型,通过合理边界条件的施加,探讨了弯矩作用对螺栓预紧力的影响。结合竖向载荷作用下螺栓预紧力计算公式计算出了抱箍安全吊装所须的螺栓预紧力,并在此基础上对抱箍进行强度校核,该抱箍强度满足要求。     

力矩法、转角法上紧螺栓力矩可靠性分析

螺栓预紧力是衡量联接可靠性的重要指标,目前普遍采用力矩法和转角法上紧螺栓。实验表明,力矩法轴向预紧力较分散,不好控制;而转角法轴向预紧力较集中且好控制,转角法可靠性要优于力矩法。     

主螺栓拉伸机的研制

本文全面分析了螺栓拉伸机的结构特点，阐述了螺栓拉伸机设计原则和设计特点。该机成功地解决了大直径主螺栓在一下范围内准确预紧力和精确伸长量的问题，同时通过单台和成组试验标定了曲线图。     

差载轴承用于汽车轮毂轴承的设计及其可靠性研究浅析

为了不断提高轴承的寿命与精度,目前轴承所使用的材料、设备、工艺都有了飞跃的发展.轴承加工单位在不断提高这些加工精度与研发材料达到某个极限时,不得不从轴承设计角度上对通用轴承进行创新.由于“差载轴承”属新型轴承产品,尚无详细的寿命及其精度方面的理论分析,以汽车轮毂轴承为主要事例,就该新轴承相对传统结构的轴承,有效提高了寿命与极限转速,做了表浅性研究分析,为行业提供参考和借鉴.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.