耐液锌腐蚀材料的研究进展

实现热镀锌内加热的关键因素是解决材料的耐液锌腐蚀问题.介绍了当前耐液锌腐蚀研究的现状,重点研究了目前常用的几种耐锌蚀材料,分析对比了其优缺点.探讨了用等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层耐液锌腐蚀的可行性,认为等离子喷涂耐液锌腐蚀陶瓷涂层在工业生产应用中有着光明的前景.     

不同Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3-SiO2配比等离子喷涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能

为了探讨等离子喷涂制备Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3-SiO2层的可行性及其喷涂层的耐磨性,采用等离子喷涂在Q235钢表面分别制备了54%Al2O3-36%TiO2-10%Cr2O3-0.5%SiO2,42%Al2O3-28%TiO2-28.5%Cr2O3-1.5%SiO2和30%Al2O3-20%TiO2-47.5%Cr2O3-2.5%SiO23种陶瓷层,分析了陶瓷涂层的金相显微形貌、显微硬度及耐磨粒磨损性能,并分析了其耐磨粒磨损的机理。结果表明:3种涂层的显微硬度分布均具有梯度分布特性,Al2O3+Cr2O3硬质相含量越高,涂层硬度越大;30%Al2O3-20%TiO2-47.5%Cr2O3-2.5%SiO2喷涂粉制成的涂层的硬度最大,耐磨粒磨损性能最佳。     

Al2O3陶瓷爆炸喷涂涂层性能分析

使用爆炸喷涂法制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层,以自熔性NiAl合金粉末作为底层,基体为45钢。涂层的XRD图谱分析表明,爆炸喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层结构以α-Al2O3及γ-Al2O3为主,说明在爆炸喷涂中存在相变过程;使用国标JB/T7509-94铁试剂方法进行测定,Al2O3陶瓷涂层孔隙率为0.019个/mm2,爆炸喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层结构致密;滑动磨损试验说明,爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层提高了钢基体的耐磨损性能,适用于耐磨涂层。     

等离子喷涂陶瓷层的摩擦磨损性能及机理

为了提高叼纸牙表面的摩擦磨损性能,采用等离子喷涂技术在T10钢基体上分别喷涂了5种氧化物陶瓷涂层,对5种涂层摩擦磨损的性能及机理进行了研究.结果表明:与Al2O3/Cr2O3复合涂层相比,100%Al2O3和100%Cr2O3陶瓷涂层的摩擦系数和体积磨损量都比较低,摩擦磨损性能更优;Al2O3/Cr2O3复合涂层磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损,而100%Al2O3和100%Cr2O3涂层则主要为疲劳磨损.     

电弧喷涂锌铝伪合金涂层的耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能

Al含量超过15％的锌铝合金涂层脆性大,限制了其在钢铁防护中的应用。采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备出了纯锌涂层和含铝20％（质量分数）的锌铝伪合金涂层,通过中性盐雾试验及电化学极化测试研究了2种涂层在中性盐雾环境中的耐蚀性,并结合扫描电镜（SEbl）和x射线衍射仪（XRD）对涂层表面形貌及腐蚀产物的相结构进行了观测分析。结果表明：2种涂层均匀致密,孔隙率小,与基体结合良好;随盐雾试验时间增长,锌铝伪合金涂层表面形成了致密的腐蚀产物层,其屏蔽作用有效阻碍了腐蚀介质的渗入,使Q235钢的腐蚀速率快速降低。锌铝伪合金涂层的自腐蚀电流密度小于纯锌涂层,表现出更为优越的防腐蚀性能。     

纳米掺杂Al2O3/ZrO2等离子喷涂涂层组织结构研究

利用大气等离子喷涂技术,在N80钢基体上制备纳米掺杂Al2O3/ZrO2热障涂层。利用XRD、SEM等观察分析了纳米掺杂Al2O3/ZrO2粉末及等离子喷涂涂层组织形貌及结构,结果表明,Al2O3/ZrO2等离子喷涂粉末是由纳米包覆微米级粒子及少量的纳米团聚体球团粒子构成。纳米掺杂等离子喷涂Al2O3/ZrO2涂层的微观组织形貌复杂,存在着纳米柱状晶薄壳内包裹着微米级柱状晶、未熔化的ZrO2陶瓷粒子嵌镶在晶体内部的独特晶内结构。涂层主要由α-Al2O3及亚稳四方相t,-ZrO2相构成。     

激光重熔锌铝基Al2O3陶瓷复合层的组织结构研究

本文研究了激光重熔等离子喷涂锌铝基Al2O3陶瓷复合层的组织结构.结果表明,等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层主要由等轴晶状的α-Al2O3陶瓷相组成,长条状的γ-Al2O3陶瓷相量较少,主要分布在α-Al2O3陶瓷相的相界面和几个α-Al2O3陶瓷相晶粒的交汇处;激光重熔后基体相树枝晶得到明显细化,熔池区只存在单一的δ-Al2O3陶瓷相,原α-Al2O3陶瓷相、γ-Al2O3陶瓷相均转变为δ-Al2O3陶瓷相,陶瓷颗粒独立地分布于基体相中,表层陶瓷颗粒数目众多,并有局部富集现象,次表层次之,而在过渡区只能偶尔发现独立存在的陶瓷颗粒.     

Al-Fe2O3体系等离子反应合成金属颗粒增韧复合陶瓷涂层的研究

利用Al-Fe2O3体系放热反应,采用等离子反应合成技术,制备出了金属颗粒增韧的FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe复合陶瓷涂层,并研究分析了复合涂层的组织及其性能.结果表明:等离子反应合成得到了以层状基体相FeAl2O4与硬质相Al2O3为骨架,球状Fe相弥散分布于基体相上的复合涂层;所制得的金属/陶瓷复合涂层的韧性得到明显提高,其韧性优于在同样基材上等离子喷涂的陶瓷涂层;特别是复合涂层具有较高的耐磨性能.     

Ti-Al球磨粉反应等离子喷涂涂层的组织与性能

为制备Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层并研究其性能,以机械球磨的Ti-Al混合粉在Q235钢表面进行反应等离子喷涂实验,分别采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对涂层的成分、显微组织进行了分析,并测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:涂层由Al3Ti、TiN、Al2O3、少量TiAl与Ti3Al、以及残留的Al和Ti组成;球磨可促进喷涂时的反应,但喷涂时Al和Ti仍未完全反应,且在空气环境中喷涂容易氧化和氮化;涂层与基体之间是镶嵌式的机械结合,结合强度平均为30.24 MPa;涂层表面的显微硬度平均为206.1 HV,涂层的耐腐蚀性优于基体.总体上看,当球磨时间较长、电流较大、喷涂距离较大、气流量较小时,喷涂时的反应较充分,且涂层比较均匀、致密,其强度、硬度以及耐腐蚀性能较高.     

Ni-P-SiC和Ni60JH涂层耐冲刷腐蚀性能的对比

为解决材料在液固两相流环境中的冲刷腐蚀问题,分别采用酸性化学镀镍工艺和超音速火焰喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备了Ni-P-SiC涂层和Ni60JH涂层,并采用冲刷腐蚀试验机研究了2种涂层在酸性浆料中的耐冲刷腐蚀性能.结果表明,在冲刷角度和温度一定的条件下,随冲蚀速度增加,2种涂层的损伤明显加剧,耐蚀性好的Ni-P-Si...     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。