乘用车车轮销轴声学灵敏度仿真与实验分析

为分析路面激励引起的车内结构噪声,建立整车结构有限元模型及流体声腔有限元模型;在车轮销轴处施加激励,仿真计算车内对销轴处的声学灵敏度。对仿真结果进行功率叠加,得到车内对销轴处的整体声学灵敏度。该整体声学灵敏度可作为分析路面激励引起的车内结构噪声的依据。在同等边界条件下,对有限元计算结果进行试实验验证。通过模态贡献量分析等方法分析车身结构、后悬架等对车轮销轴声学灵敏度的贡献;对0~200 Hz车内结构噪声处理提出相应的建议。     

某特种车车内低频噪声分析与改进

针对某特种车车内噪声水平较高问题,建立车身结构与声固耦合有限元分析模型,并进行车身振动频响分析和车内声压响应分析;通过仿真结果与实车道路试验结果对比,验证车身结构和声固耦合有限元模型的有效性;利用耦合声学边界元法进行驾驶室内部声学特性研究,识别出不同工况的主要噪声频率;并对影响车内噪声的车身板件进行声学贡献分析,找到对车内声压贡献最大的板件;最后对声学贡献大的板件粘贴阻尼材料来对车内进行降噪,车内噪声得到较为明显改善。     

基于单一源求逆法的排气噪声对车内噪声贡献量分析

以某车型车内噪声声压级为目标,以单一源求逆法辨识排气噪声体积加速度,并测试排气口到车内噪声目标点的声学传递函数。计算排气管口通过空气传递路径到车内噪声的贡献量,得知在发动机1730rpm附近排气噪声的2阶激励频率是车内噪声的主要贡献源,此时车内噪声主要是排气噪声过大引起的。增加车辆的吸隔音措施效果不明显,应优化排气管消声器以降低排气噪声。实验验证了分析结果。     

基于阶次和传递路径分析的电驱动总成对车内噪声影响

为了探究电驱动总成对车内噪声的影响,对某纯电动汽车进行急加速工况下的试验研究。基于阶次分析确定车内噪声与电驱动总成振动噪声之间的关联,并识别电驱动总成对车内噪声影响较大的激励;基于奇异值分解改进的工况传递路径分析（Operational Transfer Path Analysis,OTPA)方法,分析对车内噪声影响最大的激励通过结构路径和空气路径对车内噪声的贡献情况。结果表明由空间0阶径向电磁力引起的频率24阶激励和48阶激励对车内噪声影响较大,其中24阶激励影响最大。在低转速区间,24阶振动激励和24阶声学激励通过结构路径对车内噪声贡献和通过空气路径基本一致;在中高转速区间,24阶声学激励通过空气路径对车内噪声贡献较大;在高转速区间,24阶振动激励通过后悬置Z方向结构路径对车内噪声贡献较大。研究结果从激励源和传递路径两个方面为降低纯电动汽车车内噪声指明方向。     

整车车内噪声仿真的SEA分析方法研究及应用

关于整车车内噪声的仿真分析方法,在理论上,FEM/BEM方法可以进行全频段的仿真,但由于高频噪声的波长短,且在仿真初期结构材料的参数不确定,FEM/BEM参数识别和计算难度大,在这种情况下,基于能量平均思想的统计能量方法显现出其特定的求解优势。针对SEA分析方法理论就该方法在车内噪声应用领域展开探讨,从整车车内噪声激励源及噪声传递途径、整车NVH性能开发方法和整车SEA建模方法三个角度对车内高频噪声仿真进行阐述。SEA仿真在整车方面的应用现阶段主要用来指导声学包开发,对SEA仿真中的关键科学问题与工程实际的结合,介绍2个典型工程案例:其一基于双墙理论的车门隔声量优化,通过建立相对独立的双墙模型,提高建模过程中的仿真精度;其二通过控制声学包装优化变速箱高频啸叫,采用车内双层地毯的优化方法,降低驾驶员头部的声压1.31 d B。通过SEA方法对车内高频噪声进行仿真显著改善车辆的NVH性能,提高车辆乘坐舒适性,可为相关领域的研究提供参考及借鉴。     

基于NTF、ODS、PFP分析确定车内噪声贡献面板方法的研究

首先建立客车结构噪声传递函数模型分析车内噪声峰值频率点。然后通过工作变形分析函数模型分析在这些噪声峰值频率点车身发生振动变形较大的位置。将这些振动变形较大的位置设置成噪声贡献面板,建立面板声学贡献量分析模型来确定这些面板对车内噪声水平贡献程度,确定板件对车内声压影响主次关系。该方法为车内噪声评估和车身面板优化提供有效理论指导。     

基于试验设计的发动机进气系统动态优化设计

发动机进气系统噪声是车辆最主要的噪声源之一,对车内噪声影响尤其显著.基于管道声学理论,提出了发动机进气系统噪声仿真方法--无源法;基于四分之一波长管的参数化模型,研究了发动机进气系统动态优化设计方法.应用"无源法",在不具备发动机仿真模型的情况下,通过进气系统声学性能DOE分析,利用响应面法对四分之一波长管的设计参数进行优化,为进气系统声学性能设计提供依据.     

NTF、ODS、PFP确定车内噪声贡献面板方法

首先建立客车结构噪声传递函数模型分析车内噪声峰值频率点。然后通过工作变形分析函数模型分析在这些噪声峰值频率点车身发生振动变形较大的位置。将这些振动变形较大的位置设置成噪声贡献面板,建立面板声学贡献量分析模型来确定这些面板对车内噪声水平贡献程度,确定板件对车内声压影响主次关系。该方法为车内噪声评估和车身面板优化提供有效理论指导。     

隧道内地铁列车车内噪声预测分析

为研究隧道内地铁列车车内噪声特性,建立了隧道-车体有限元-边界元声学分析模型。基于地铁B型车车轨耦合模型和现场试验获取车体二系悬挂力激励和轮轨噪声激励,将激励施加到车体计算分析车内噪声,以广州轨道交通7号线列车噪声试验数据对仿真分析结果进行验证,并研究了结构声和空气声对车内噪声的影响规律。分析结果表明:车内各标准点声压级图变化趋势基本一致,峰值中心频率集中在630 Hz处,主要频段为200～1 600 Hz,车体转向架上方A声级比车体中心高约1.02～2.35 dB(A);结构声对车内噪声的主要影响频段在20～200 Hz,空气声对车内噪声的主要影响频段在200～5 000 Hz,其中500～5 000 Hz频段最为显著;60 km/h车速下,结构声荷载作用下车厢中心处A声级比空气声荷载作用下相同位置高约21 dB(A)。该研究成果可为降低列车车内噪声,改善车内声学环境提供理论依据。     

基于试验设计的发动机进气系统动态优化设计

发动机进气系统噪声是车辆最主要的噪声源之一,对车内噪声影响尤其显著。基于管道声学理论,提出了发动机进气系统噪声仿真方法——无源法;基于四分之一波长管的参数化模型,研究了发动机进气系统动态优化设计方法。应用“无源法”,在不具备发动机仿真模型的情况下,通过进气系统声学性能DOE分析,利用响应面法对四分之一波长管的设计参数进行优化,为进气系统声学性能设计提供依据。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。