支持向量机车内加速噪声声品质预测

为准确评价车内加速噪声声品质,利用成对比较法对14款汽车从30 km/h加速到80 km/h行驶时的车内噪声进行主观评价试验,同时计算5个主要心理声学客观参量,并通过相关分析得出对声品质有重要影响的客观参量。采用支持向量机建立车内加速噪声声品质的预测模型,经验证其预测相对误差都在9.5%以内,表明该模型可以准确地对车内噪声声品质进行预测。     

轨道车辆车内声场仿真及声品质优化

以上海轨道交通九号线为例,对车内噪声进行现场测试,测量车厢结构参数并建立有限元模型,采用Actran软件进行声学仿真,并使用A计权声压级和特征响度两个主要的声品质客观评价参量验证仿真的结果,随后提出声品质优化方案,使车内声压级降低5 dB,特征响度总体下降,总响度值降低1.26 sone,对提高车内声品质和改善车内声场环境具有一定的参考价值。     

车内噪声烦恼度的声品质分析

以4种类型轿车在不同车速下匀速行驶时不同位置点采集到的车内噪声样本为评价对象,采用等级评分法对车内噪声声品质烦恼度进行主观评价试验,分析计算各噪声样本的心理声学客观参数;通过相关分析和多元线性回归分析,建立匀速车内噪声主观评价烦恼度与心理声学客观参数间的数学模型。研究结果表明,在良好路面和匀速工况下车内声品质烦恼度主要受低沉度和音调度两个心理声学客观参数影响。     

雨刮-风窗系统摩擦噪声声品质主客观评价

为探索雨刮-风窗系统摩擦噪声对车内声品质的影响,文章采集了某新能源汽车雨刮-风窗系统不同工况下的摩擦噪声并进行分析。基于声品质客观参数,计算该系统摩擦噪声响度、尖锐度等客观评价指标;采用语义细分法进行主观评价实验得到主观评价结果,基于支持向量机建立该系统摩擦噪声声品质预测模型。结果表明,雨刮-风窗系统刮片反转过程产生的噪声是影响车内声品质的主要因素;声品质预测模型效果较好。研究结果为雨刮-风窗系统摩擦噪声的声品质控制提供参考。     

弹性扣件对列车车内噪声声品质的影响

为了分析弹性扣件对城市轨道交通列车车内噪声声品质的影响,在不同车速情况下进行弹性扣件和普通扣件地段地铁列车车内噪声测试,利用不同的声品质客观评价参数评价车内噪声,对比分析弹性扣件和普通扣件地段车内噪声声品质。结果表明：在车速不高于40km/h时,车内中低频噪声是主要影响因素,应该把降低中低频噪声作为车内降噪的重点;车内噪声的A声级、响度、烦扰度和语言干扰级在弹性扣件地段比在普通扣件地段大,尖锐度、粗糙度在弹性扣件地段比在普通扣件地段小,抖动度则变化较小;弹性扣件对贯通道中央、车厢端部噪声的声压级、响度、语言干扰级影响较大,对上述位置噪声的尖锐度、抖动度、粗糙度和烦扰度、以及车体中部、司机室内部噪声的声压级和声品质客观评价参数影响都较小。     

基于遗传-支持向量回归的车内稳态噪声声品质预测

为了稳定、精确地评价车内稳态噪声声品质,以车内稳态噪声为研究对象,进行主观评价试验,计算客观心理声学参数并完成了相关性分析。建立基于支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)的车内稳态噪声声品质预测模型,并使用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对支持向量回归的超参数进行优化。其后建立基于反向传播神经网络(Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network,BPANN)的声品质预测模型。对比分析发现遗传-支持向量回归(GASVR)模型预测精度高于BP神经网络。结果表明,遗传-支持向量回归适用于车内稳态噪声声品质预测,能够较大提高车内稳态噪声声品质预测精度和工程效率。     

弹性扣件对列车车内噪声声品质的影响

为了分析弹性扣件对城市轨道交通列车车内噪声声品质的影响,在不同车速情况下进行弹性扣件和普通扣件地段地铁列车车内噪声测试,利用不同的声品质客观评价参数评价车内噪声,对比分析弹性扣件和普通扣件地段车内噪声声品质。结果表明:在车速不高于40 km/h时,车内中低频噪声是主要影响因素,应该把降低中低频噪声作为车内降噪的重点;车内噪声的A声级、响度、烦扰度和语言干扰级在弹性扣件地段比在普通扣件地段大,尖锐度、粗糙度在弹性扣件地段比在普通扣件地段小,抖动度则变化较小;弹性扣件对贯通道中央、车厢端部噪声的声压级、响度、语言干扰级影响较大,对上述位置噪声的尖锐度、抖动度、粗糙度和烦扰度、以及车体中部、司机室内部噪声的声压级和声品质客观评价参数影响都较小。     

高速动车组噪声声品质实验及其客观评价方法

在高速动车组减振降噪设计中,声品质已成为舒适性评价的重要指标之一。Zwicker提出了对噪声进行主观评价的客观量化方法,本文以其理论为基础,深入分析4种噪声客观评价参量（响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、抖动度）的计算方法,并且以高速铁路动车组车内噪声为例进行相关参量的试验测试。得出车内典型位置不同运行速度时各心理声学参量的现状和分布规律,其结论为高速铁路动车组车内声品质研究提供依据。     

高速动车组噪声测试及其声品质客观参量分析

在高速动车组减振降噪设计中,声品质已成为舒适性评价的重要指标之一。以Zwicker提出的对噪声进行主观评价的客观量化方法为基础,通过响度、尖锐度、粗糙度和抖动强度4种噪声客观评价参量计算方法对某高速铁路动车组车内噪声试验测试数据进行分析,得到车内典型位置不同运行速度时各心理声学参量的现状和分布规律,可为高速铁路动车组车内声品质研究提供参考依据。     

音乐控制法改善车内声品质的试验研究

以4种类型汽车内采集到的32个不同噪声样本为评价对象,通过试验研究建立了以心理声学客观参数描述主观评价结果的车内声品质模型,并对声品质较差的噪声样本实施了音乐掩蔽控制试验,试验结果表明,车内噪声的低沉度下降,音调度上升。研究结果表明音乐掩蔽控制法用于改善汽车声品质的可行性和有效性。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。