数字图像分析法在薄板成形应变场测量中的应用

对薄板成形应变场的传统的测量方法进行了研究,指出其不足和误差的来源,并提出了数字图像分析法测量薄板成形中的应变场,对测量原理,新的测量方法对老方法的改进,以及如何降低误差进行了介绍,指出了这种方法的前景,同时提出了改进意见.     

基于数字图像相关法的薄板焊接变形研究

针对薄板焊接结构的大变形研究,目前采用数值模拟方法计算量大且误差较大,传统的应变片等测量手段无法实现焊缝处的在线密集测量。该文提出基于数字图像相关法的非接触检测方法对大型Q235薄板进行平板堆焊变形测量,重点研究热输入对薄板面内面外变形规律的影响。实验结果表明:基于数字图像相关技术的焊接变形测量方法能够在线、动态、全场获取薄板变形数据;随着热输入的增大,薄板的Z向面外变形及横向/纵向的面内变形也越大;冷却结束后,在焊缝处及热影响区内,薄板的纵向应变较小,而横向应变较大。热输入影响下的薄板焊接变形规律为揭示薄板焊接变形机理提供可靠的依据,为焊接结构件提供准确的制造数据。     

超大变形应变测量方法的研究

针对具有超大应变的新材料在航空航天技术中的应用,传统的应变片因其固有的测量原理已不能满足需求,提出一种基于数字图像的测量方法对超大应变材料进行精确测量。对塑料试件进行单向拉伸应变测量,结果显示该方法能实时、动态、全场地测量大于500%的应变分布,该方法为全场超大应变材料的测量提供一种有效手段,对材料性能测试具有重要的意义。     

坐标网分析技术与成形极限图的应用

用网格自动应变测试分析系统ASAME测试了11炉批冷轧薄板的成形极限，对实际测量的成形极限与模拟计算的成形极限进行了比较。对冲压的摩托车油箱进行应变分析，根据成形极限图（FLD）确定冲压零件的安全裕度，评价材料的适用性。     

多点应变长期测试的研究

本文明确提出了应变长期测试这一问题，并对应变长期测试的定义作了量化处理。本文分析，计算了现有应变测量方法和测量系统用于应变长期测试将带来的巨大误差，并提出了作者对解决应变长期测试这一难题的思路和看法。     

多点应变长期测试的研究

本文明确提出了应变长期测试这一问题，并对应变长期测试的定义作了量化处理。本文分析、计算了现有应变测量方法和测量系统用于应变长期测试将带来的巨大误差，并提出了作者对解决应变长期测试这一难题的思路和看法。     

基于图像相关法测量板料无载荷动静应变的研究

提出了一种利用数字图像相关法和单目视觉技术相结合的方法,实现了对板料进行全场平面应变测量。研究了基于数字图像相关法计算应变的算法,通过实验测量板料在无载荷工况下的静态和动态形变,实验结果表明采用数字图像相关法测量静态应变,最大平均误差0．004mm/50mm,动态应变最大平均误差0．015mm/50mm,此实验方法揭示了单目视觉技术对测量应变精度影响的规律,验证了数字图像相关法测量应变的可行性。     

基于局部位移场最小二乘拟合数字图像相关方法的剪切带应变测量

采用局部位移场最小二乘拟合数字图像相关方法测量了虚拟剪切带的应变,并将测量结果与中心差分方法的结果和理论解进行了对比,主要研究了计算窗口尺寸和子区尺寸的影响。研究发现:当子区尺寸较小且应变计算窗口尺寸较大时,局部位移场最小二乘拟合数字图像相关方法的测量结果接近于理论解;对于测量单轴压缩条件下低液限黏土试样破坏过程中的应变场,局部位移场最小二乘拟合方法的测量结果比中心差分方法测量结果更准确,有助于对剪切带应变的准确测量。     

数字图像相关技术在复合材料加筋曲板压缩试验中的应用

对复合材料自动铺丝和手工铺丝两种T型加筋曲板进行了单轴压缩试验，采用基于数字图像相关技术(Digital image correlation, DIC)的三维光学测量方法对该型加筋曲板的局部屈曲及后屈曲波形进行实时监测，并与传统应变、位移测量结果进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:DIC能够准确捕捉整个试验过程中的位移场，使用DIC设备观测到的屈曲模态与应变片数据反映的波形具有良好的一致性；不同于传统测量方法，DIC能够准确捕捉蒙皮在后屈曲阶段的屈曲模态转换的全过程；利用DIC技术能够对试验不同时间节点(即不同载荷水平)的屈曲模态进行清晰、直观的观测，因而能够较准确地获得结构的屈曲载荷，该载荷与由应变-载荷曲线确定的屈曲载荷相比，误差小于5%。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试验过程进行了数值仿真分析，并通过与试验结果的对比表明了计算结果、DIC测量结果与传统方法测量结果三者具有良好的一致性。      

数字图像相关测量钢绞线弹性模量的应用研究

该文利用非接触式数字图像相关方法测量了预应力钢绞线的弹性模量。测量过程中用CCD相机记录不同载荷下钢绞线表面的数字图像,再利用数字图像相关方法对所采集的序列数字图像进行分析从中精确提取不同载荷下钢绞线表面的纵向平均正应变。根据试验机的载荷信息、钢绞线的参考截面积和由数字图像相关方法测量的平均正应变绘制出钢绞线的应力-应...     

Strain function analysis method for void closure in the forging process of the large-sized steel ingot

A mathematical methodology for analyzing void closure in the forging process of steel ingot with a large size was proposed from the view of strain function. A numerical simulation of the forging process was established to describe the distribution field of compressive strain within deformed steel ingot. Then the analytic function of compressive strain distribution was given by mathematical fitting on the basis of Gaussian function (including the models without and with void). And finally the quantitative relationship between void closure and compressive strain, namely mathematical expressions of the criterion for central and non-central void closure, was presented by derivation and calculation of this function. The criterion for central and non-central void closure was verified by finite element simulation for a typical steel ingot. This new methodology gives an acute prediction in terms of elimination of void defects, where the deviation is less than 7%.     

机器人手指尖六维力/力矩传感器的研制

提出一种机器人手指尖六维力／力矩传感器，并对其弹性体结构进行详细论述；分析应变量与测量量的对应关系；采用现代设计手段对弹性体进行模态分析，并介绍了传感器放大处理电路，给出实验结果。     

利用高速振动降低零件回弹及蒙皮件制造——电磁成形技术的新应用

目的 为了解决传统大型蒙皮成形需要大型装备及零件回弹大的问题,提出带弹性垫的蒙皮件电磁渐进成形新方法.方法 通过电磁线圈放电,材料在磁压力和弹性垫的反弹力作用下出现高速振动,消除零件回弹.采用ANSYS和ABAQUS有限元分析软件分别进行电磁场和结构场模拟,分析有无弹性垫、线圈结构和放电位置对蒙皮成形质量的影响规律.结果 在无弹性垫的条件下对板料进行冲击,板料上的塑性应变几乎没有变化.如果采用螺旋方形线圈和带弹性垫的成形工艺,虽然板料上的塑性应变增加,但是线圈正对板料区域出现1.5 mm的鼓包.采用电磁屏蔽方法调整板料上的电磁力分布和材料流动,当线圈在6个位置多次放电后,板料回弹明显减低,并且零件表面光滑.结论 在模拟得到的最佳工艺参数下,建立了实验装置,实验结果与模拟一致.     

平面应变板料拉弯成形回弹理论分析

基于平面应变假设,采用服从Hill平方屈服准则和指数强化材料模型,建立了板料拉弯成形回弹量预测的理论模型。应用该模型计算了一个拉弯成形回弹实例,分析了单位宽度切向拉力、凸模圆角半径、摩擦因数及各向异性参数对板料回弹量的影响。分析结果表明,只有当中性层偏移距离超过板厚的四分之一时,增大切向拉力才能有效地控制板料回弹量,而且弯曲半径越大,增大切向拉力控制板料的回弹量越为有效,然而拉力不能无限制的增大,它的计算准则为板料最外层的等效应变应不大于极限应变。同时还表明,摩擦因数对板料回弹量的影响随切向拉力的增大变得更为显著,而各向异性参数对板料拉弯成形回弹量的影响也较为明显。与有限元数值模拟预测结果的对比表明,理论模型预测板料拉弯成形回弹量与有限元数值模拟结果很接近。     

Evaluation of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of damage-tolerant Al---Li sheet using the slow strain rate testing technique

Slow strain rate tests were performed on longitudinal tensile specimens of 8090-T81 sheet under permanent immersion conditions in various synthetic environments. Strain rates were in the range 10⁻⁷−10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. Environmentally assisted cracking is observed in aqueous chloride-carbonate-hydrogencarbonate solutions. Near neutral 3.5% NaCl solution and also 3% NaCl solution with hydrogen peroxide added do not promote stress corrosion cracking with 8090-T81 alloy sheet. The degradation of ductility found with tensile specimens immersed in the latter corrosive environments is caused by localized corrosion independent of stress. Fracture energy data obtained from slow strain rate tests in substitute ocean water reveal a large scatter. Again, the deterioration observed is not related to stress corrosion cracking. Slow strain rate tests were also carried out with longitudinal tensile specimens of 2091-T8X and 2091 CPHK-T8X alloy sheet using an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H₂O₂. For the alloy 2091 CPHK-T8X, similar results were obtained to those with 8090-T81, whereas 2091-T8X sheet is prone to environment-induced cracking in the aqueous chloride-peroxide solution.     

应用应变分析方法对冷轧钢板拉深成形的研究

应用应变分析方法对冷轧钢板在拉深试验过程中拉深杯件各个区域的应变分布规律和应变变化历史进行了研究；分析了典型实物拉深零件JD90型摩托车油箱的应变分布特点；提出了确定拉深成形零件危险部位的方法。     

形变铝合金的形变硬化特性

采用单轴拉伸方法测试了LD10,LF6,LC4和LY12几种形变铝合金的形变硬化指数,分析了合金的硬化率和硬化指数与应变的关系。结果表明,这几种形变铝合金的硬化指数在不同的应变区域具有不同的变化趋势。在低应变区域,形变硬化指数呈上升趋势,在高应变区域,形变硬化指数趋于平稳。四种形变铝合金中,LF6的硬化指数最高,LY12,LD10次之,LC4最低。形变铝合金的硬化率随着应变的增加不断降低。     

Quantitative Evaluation for Drawability of Sheet Metal

1.IntroductionDeep-drawing is one of common forming methods ofsheet metal.The drawability is the maximum formablecapability of drawn materials under special condition.For deep-drawing without blankholder,the drawabil-ity is restricted by the wrinkling of sheet or shell.Researchers[1~6]made much effort for this.Otherwise,it is restricted by cracking of cup's wall.Rolled sheetmetal possesses anisotropy in varying degrees.It hasbeen proved that the drawability is in close relationshipwith the n…     

Anti-plane Circular Nano-inclusion Problem with Electric Field Gradient and Strain Gradient Effects

As well known, gradient theories can describe size effects that are important in nano-scale problems. In this paper, we analyze the Eshelby-type anti-plane inclusion problem embedded in infinite dielectric body by considering both strain gradient and electric field gradient effects to account for the size effect and high-order electromechanical coupling effect. The size-dependent Eshelby and Eshelby-like tensor, strain, stress, electric field and electric displacement components are derived explicitly by means of Green's function method. Theoretical results indicate that strain and electric field are decoupled for anti-plane inclusion problem while stress field and electric displacement are coupled through strain gradient and electric field gradient. Based on the general form, the expressions for a special case of circular inclusion are obtained analytically. Numerical results reveal that when the inclusion radius becomes small, the gradient effects are significantly important and should not be ignored. The values approach asymptotically to classical solutions as increase of inclusion size. And the high-order electromechanical coupling effect in non-piezoelectric material (centrosymmetric dielectrics) can be equivalent to piezoelectricity of conditional piezoelectric materials when the inclusion size is small.     

Analysis of the extended stress-based forming limit curve considering the effects of strain path and through-thickness normal stress

In this study, an approach based on the modified Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) method for computation of an extended stress-based forming limit curve (FLC) is presented. The extended stress-based FLC is built based on equivalent plastic stress versus mean stress. This curve has some advantages in comparison with the conventional FLC. This new criterion is much more strain path independent than the conventional FLC. The effect of strain path on the predicted extended stress-based FLC is reexamined. For this purpose, two types of pre-straining on the sheet metal have been loaded. Moreover, the plane stress state assumption is not adopted in the current study. The influence of a through-thickness compressive normal stress is also investigated theoretically. The verifications of the theoretical FLCs are performed by using some available published experimental data.