Effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy produced by different casting technologies

The effect of thermal exposure at 350 °C for 200 h on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy, which was produced by permanent mold casting (PMC) and high pressure die casting (HPDC). The SEM and IPP software were used to characterize the morphology of Si phase in the studied alloys. The results show that the thermal exposure provokes spheroidization and coarsening of eutectic Si particles. The ultimate tensile strength of the HPDC alloy after thermal exposure is higher than that of the PMC alloy at room temperature. However, the TEPMC and TEHPDC alloys have similar tensile strength around 67 MPa at 350 °C. Due to the coarsening of eutectic Si, the TEPMC alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the TEHPDC alloy under studied creep conditions. Therefore, the alloys with small size of eutectic Si are not suitably used at 350 °C.     

流变压铸成形镁合金AZ91D的显微组织与性能

采用双螺杆机械搅拌法制备半固态镁合金浆料,对比研究了液态压铸与半固态流变压铸成形镁合金AZ91D的组织与性能,探讨了半固态成形镁合金铸件的热处理强化机制.试验结果表明,流变压铸成形铸件与液态压铸成形铸件在铸态时的力学性能相当;由于半固态成形减轻了铸件内部气孔、偏析等铸造缺陷,因而T4和T6热处理均明显地提高了半固态成形镁合金铸件的力学性能.研究还得出,液态压铸成形镁合金铸件经过固溶处理之后,其抗拉强度和伸长率也有所提高,但是,时效处理明显地恶化了铸件的力学性能.     

Effect of position on the tensile properties in high-pressure die cast Mg alloy

Tensile tests were performed at different locations of high-pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg alloy and the effect of position on the tensile properties such as yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ductility and fracture strain (FS) are explained. Additionally, the significance of micro-failure mode of the material is presented. The average size, area fraction and clustering tendency of pores and Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (β) particles as well average grain size are correlated with the mechanical properties and found their influences.     

热处理工艺对高真空压铸Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.4Zr镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究T4和T6热处理状态下高真空压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr（质量分数,%）合金的微观组织、化合物含量、力学性能及断裂行为。铸态Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金微观组织主要由α-Mg和共晶Mg24（Gd,Y）5化合物组成。经固溶处理后,共晶化合物大量溶解于镁基体,合金主要含过饱和α-Mg及方块相。固溶合金中方块相的含量随固溶温度的升高而增大,力学性能也有所提高。根据微观组织结果,确定475℃,2 h为Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金最优固溶方案。合金的最佳屈服强度为222.1 MPa,延伸率可达15.4%。铸态,T4状态下和T6状态下合金的拉伸断裂模式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

压铸高强韧Al-Cu系合金的组织性能及热处理探讨

为了弥补目前压铸铝合金强韧性不足，进行了高强韧Al-Cu系合金的压铸及热处理的试探性研究．在ZL201的基础上．添加合金化元素B、Zr、V等．改善合金的铸造性能，进行压铸成形试验。试验研究发现压铸大大细化了合金的微观组织．铸态性能较金属型高，再经低温时效后合金强度达到一般高强压铸铝合金的水平．但塑性较之提高20％以上。     

The effect of T4 heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Zn27Al1.5Cu0.02Mg alloy

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Zn27Al1.5Cu0.02Mg alloy was examined. The alloy was prepared by melting and casting route and then thermally processed (T4 regime). Corrosion behaviour of the as-cast and heat treated alloy was studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using immersion method and electrochemical polarization measurements. The applied heat treatment affected the alloy microstructure and resulted in increased ductility and higher corrosion resistance of the heat treated alloy. Electrochemical measurements of the corrosion rate at the free corrosion potential are in agreement with the results obtained using the weight loss method.     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure,Tensile Properties,and Impact Toughness of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu Cast Alloy

This study investigates the eff ect of solution treatment(at 470 °C for 0–48 h) on the microstructural evolution,tensile properties,and impact properties of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu(wt%) alloy prepared by permanent gravity casting.The results show that the as-cast microstructure consists of α-Al dendrites and a network-like pattern of T-Mg_(32)(AlZnCu) 49 phases.Most of the T-phases were dissolved within 24 h at 470 ℃;and a further prolonging of solution time resulted in a rapid growth of α-Al grains.No transformation from the T-phase to the S-Al_2CuMg phase was discovered in this alloy.Both the tensile properties and impact toughness increased quickly,reached a maximum peak value,and decreased gradually as the solution treatment proceeded.The impact toughness is more closely related to the elongation,and the relationship between impact toughness and elongation appears to obey an equation:IT = 8.43 EL-3.46.After optimal solution treatment at 470 ℃ for 24 h,this alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength,elongation and impact toughness being 431.6 MPa,270.1 MPa,19.4% and 154.7 kJ/m~2,which are comparable to that of a wrought Al–6.0 Mg–0.7 Mn alloy(5E06,a 5 xxx aluminum alloy).Due to its excellent comprehensive combination of mechanical properties,this cast alloy has high potential for use in components which require medium strength,high ductility and high toughness.     

镁合金真空低压消失模铸造的技术特征与实践

介绍了镁合金在真空低压消失模铸造下的技术特征。研究表明：真空低压消失模铸造的流动性受充型气体的流量与压力、浇注温度、涂层厚度、泡沫密度、真空度等多方面的因素影响；在低充型速度和低真空度的条件下，液态镁合金在真空低压消失模铸造过程中的充型形貌均呈现以内浇道为中心的拱形层状推进流动，如充型速度加快金属液流动前沿拱形形貌更加突出。而真空度增加会出现明显的“附壁效应”；与重力消失模铸造比较，真空低压消失模铸造镁合金铸件凝固更呈现“同时凝固”特征；由于快速充型、压力下凝固，镁合金真空低压消失模铸造零件的铸态抗拉强度（σh=180．8MPa）、屈服强度（σ0.2=113．2MPa）、伸长率（δ=4．4％），高于重力消失模铸造、树脂砂空型铸造的铸态性能，达到了金属型铸造的铸态性能，经热处理达到了压铸镁合金的性能范围。浇注实践表明，真空低压消失模铸造对液态镁合金，具有良好的抗氧化保护能力、优良的浇注充型性能和力学性能，可铸造出高精度的、薄壁复杂的镁合金消失模铸件，是一种极有潜力和优势的镁（铝）合金精密铸造技术。     

Effects of Gd Addition on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Mg-4Al-5RE Alloy Produced by Three Different Casting Methods

This work deals with the effect of 0.67 wt％ Gd addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of Mg-4Al-5RE (where RE represents LaCe mischmetal) alloy produced by sand casting (SC),permanent mold casting (PMC),and high-pressure die casting (HPDC).The results show that Gd addition could refine the grains,but its efficiency decreases by increasing the cooling rate due to the shifting from SC to PMC and finally to the HPDC method.Meanwhile,the acicular Al11RE3 phase is modified into the short-rod or granular-like shape under the three casting conditions.Such refined and modified micro-structures are due to the Al2(Gd,RE) phases,which act as the nucleation sites in both the α-Mg matrix and Al11RE3 phase.Also,the weakening grain refinement effect in the increased cooling rates can be attributed to the narrow constitutional undercooling zone.After Gd addition,the 0.2％ proof strength of the SC and PMC alloys increases by about 16.9％ and 12.7％,respectively,while in the HPDC alloy,it decreases by about 5.9％.The main factor in the strength increment of the SC and PMC alloys is the grain boundary strengthening due to grain refinement which is proved by modeling the related mechanisms,whereas weak secondary phases and grain boundary strengthening mechanisms in the HPDC alloy lead to strength reduction.After Gd addition,the elongation to failure of the SC,PMC,and HPDC alloys is significantly enhanced by about 34.8％,20.2％,and 12.3％,respectively,due to the crack resistance nature of the modified short-rod/granular Al11(RE,Gd)3 phase compared to the acicular one.     

高强Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金属模铸、热挤压和时效处理(T5)工艺过程制备出高强Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM及TEM分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状第二相Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成,经过热挤压变形后,合金晶粒显著细化,时效处理过程中Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相上析出少量细小的颗粒状Mg3Zn3(Gd,Y)2相。时效态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到446 MPa、399 MPa和6.1%,其强化方式主要为细晶强化和第二相强化。     

Heat treatment of vacuum high pressure die cast magnesium alloy AZ91

Alloys produced by high pressure die casting (HPDC) are generally considered non-heat treatable because trapped gas pores tend to expand, causing surface blistering and bulk distortion. In this paper, vacuum assisted HPDC of magnesium alloy AZ91 was used, and the properties were assessed. The specimens produced using vacuum die casting contain less porosity. Little improvement in yield strength by applying vacuum is found, although a small increase in elongation is observed. A conventional heat treatment applied to the vacuum die cast AZ91 shows pronounced precipitation hardening during aging, especially after a prior solution treatment. However, an associated improvement in yield strength after aging is not observed, and this is related to the decreased contribution of the ‘skin’ effect as a result of grain growth.     

Effect of Cu on microstructure,mechanical properties,and texture evolution of ZK60 alloy fabricated by hot extrusion−shearing process

As-cast Mg−6Zn−xCu−0.6Zr (x=0, 0.5, 1.0, wt.%) alloys were fabricated by permanent mold casting; then, the alloys were subjected to homogenization heat treatment and extrusion−shearing (ES) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were evaluated by OM, SEM/EDS, XRD, TEM, EBSD and tensile tests. The results show that the hard MgZnCu phase in Cu-added alloy can strengthen particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) effect and hinder the migration of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grain boundary at an elevated temperature during ES. The ZK60+0.5Cu alloy shows an optimal tensile strength–ductility combination (UTS of 396 MPa, YS of 313 MPa, and δ=20.3%) owing to strong grain boundary strengthening and improvement of Schmid factor for {0001} basal slip. The aggregation of microvoids around the MgZnCu phase mainly accounts for the lower tensile elongation of ZK60+1.0Cu alloy compared with ZK60 alloy.     

真空压铸铝合金减震塔在铝车身上的应用

针对全铝弧焊平台车型用真空高压铝合金减震塔,对其工艺改善过程进行了分析,并对力学性能进行了评价。结果表明,提高铝液密度,适当降低Mg含量,优化热处理工艺参数等措施能提升减震塔的力学性能,改进后减震塔T7态屈服强度为128.92 MPa,抗拉强度为216.18MPa,抗拉强度相比改进前提高了12.14%,伸长率达到11.5%,相比改进前提高了56.89%,密度为2.682 1g/cm3,满足设计使用要求。另外,采用ER4043焊丝和ER5356焊丝对减震塔焊接性能进行了评价,发现采用ER5356焊丝焊接接头强度高于160MPa,接头效率达到76%,优于ER4043焊丝,满足设计使用要求。     

热处理对挤压铸造Mg93YZn6合金组织和性能的影响

采用挤压铸造法制备了Mg93YZn6合金,并对其进行高温热处理,分析了铸态和热处理态的Mg93YZn6合金的微观组织、显微硬度和力学性能。结果表明,该合金的挤压铸造和热处理后的组织中均只有α-Mg基体相和准晶I相生成。经500℃×4h热处理后,合金中的准晶相含量与铸态合金中变化不大。经550℃×2h热处理后,合金中的准晶相有所减少。与铸态合金相比,热处理后合金的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率均提高。     

镁合金铸造成形过程宏观／微观模拟

通过研究镁合金压铸过程中界面热,采用热传导反算法确定压铸过程的界面换热系数,研究镁合金压铸过程中工艺参数及凝固过程对铸件界面换热系数的影响规律,建立镁合金压铸过程界面换热边界条件的处理模型,以实现镁合金压铸过程中凝固过程的准确预测。通过实验研究镁合金压铸过程中凝固组织,建立了镁合金压铸过程中形核模型。采用CA方法,建立了镁合金枝晶生长模型,以实现镁合金凝固组织的预测。采用相场方法研究了镁合金枝晶生长形貌。     

Semi-solid near-net shape rheocasting of heat treatable wrought aluminum alloys

Flexibility of the CSIR-RCS, induction stirring with simultaneous air cooling process, in combination with high pressure die casting is successfully demonstrated by semi-solid rheocasting of plates performed on commercial 2024, 6082 and 7075 wrought aluminum alloys. Tensile properties were measured for the above mentioned rheocast wrought aluminum alloys in the T6 condition. The results showed that tensile properties were close to or even in some cases exceeded the minimum specifications. The yield strength and elongation of rheocast 2024-T6 exceeded the minimum requirements of the wrought alloy in the T6 condition but the ultimate tensile strength achieved only 90% of the specification because the Mg content of the starting alloy was below the commercial alloy specification. The strengths of rheocast 6082-T6 exceeded all of the wrought alloy T6 strength targets but the elongation only managed 36% of the required minimum due to porosity, caused by incipient melting during solution heat treatment, and the presence of fine intermetallic needles in the eutectic. The yield strength of rheocast 7075 exceeded the required one and the ultimate tensile strength also managed 97% of the specification; while the elongation only reached 46% of the minimum requirement also due to incipient melting porosity caused during the solution heat treatment process.     

Variation of microstructure and mechanical property of slurry die cast Al-Si-Mg-Fe alloy

Semi-solid metal processing technologies have been intensively studied in recent years. Gas Induced Semi-Solid (GISS) is a slurry preparation technique for producing non-dendritic or globular structures for cast alloys. In the present study, GISS technique was used in conjunction with conventional die cast process for casting Al–Si–Mg–Fe alloy. The shape of die cast specimen was designed as a simple flat plate. The variation of microstructures and tensile properties of specimens from different locations of cast plates was studied. The results show that the specimens from bottom location, near the gate section and the middle location of cast plates are stronger and more ductility than those from the top location. The microstructural examination reveals that the specimens from top location of cast plates contain more defects, such as shrinkage pores than those from the other locations. These defects are resulted in lower strength and ductility of the cast product.     

Al-Mg-Si合金半固态触变成形研究

以水泵盖为目标零件,在自行建立的半固态触变成形试验线上使用A357合金和新开发的半固态专用铝合金Al-6Si-2Mg进行了半固态触变压铸试验研究.对这两种合金在半固态坯料制备、二次加热及半固态压铸中的显微组织及工艺性进行了比较.结果表明,Al-6Si-2Mg合金在触变成形过程中均表现出更好的工艺可控性,其半固态压铸件热处理后的性能为σb=335MPa,σs=305MPa,δ5=3%,强度高于A357,伸长率与铸态A357合金相当.试验最终获得了充型完好、性能优异、组织均匀的半固态压铸件.     

等通道转角挤压Al-Cu合金的冲击性能

对铸态Al-0.63%Cu和Al-3.9%Cu(质量分数)合金进行等通道转角挤压处理,研究了Al-Cu合金冲击性能的变化.结果表明,等通道转角挤压增强了Al-0.63%Cu合金的冲击性能;而对于Al-3.9%Cu合金,虽然晶粒细化和第二相的弥散分布使其强度增加,但较多的第二相θ(Al2Cu)未提高其冲击性能.该合金的冲击吸收功与其静力韧度有关.