碳锰钢压缩过程中非均匀应变与再结晶之间关系的研究

采用有限元方法模拟了热模拟试验的变形过程,分析了热模拟变形过程中的非均匀应变对奥氏体动态再结晶及晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明,在等效应变最大的区域,奥氏体动态再结晶并非最完全,而剪应变对动态再结晶的影响则较大,在剪应变最大的区域,再结晶最完全,晶粒最细小.在试验所设定的最大变形量为62%的变形条件下,等效应变对晶粒细化的影响存在一个临界值,当等效应变大于0.96时,不完全动态再结晶区域的奥氏体晶粒得不到进一步细化,而随着剪应变的增加,奥氏体晶粒不断细化,可见剪应变对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响更大.因此,用等效应变等于实际应变处的晶粒尺寸来考察实际晶粒尺寸的方法,存在着不合理性.     

Custom 450高强度不锈钢的动态再结晶行为

摘要：为了探究Custom 450钢的动态再结晶行为,采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,在变形温度为1050~1200℃和应变速率为0.01~10s-1的变形条件下开展了单道次等温压缩试验。研究结果显示,在变形温度为1050~1200℃和应变速率为1.0~10s-1的变形范围内,钢虽发生了完全的动态再结晶,但应力应变曲线未表现出明显的应力峰值;钢的动态再结晶的晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低逐渐增大,当应变速率为001s-1时,动态再结晶晶粒发生长大。采用双曲正弦函数构建了Cutom 450钢的热变形方程,并建立了钢的动态再结晶动力学、临界应变、峰值应变及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与Zener Holloman参数的定量关系。     

X70管线钢热连轧过程奥氏体再结晶、晶粒尺寸和平均流变应力的预测

在考虑动态、亚动态再结晶及静态再结晶的基础上,建立了X70管线钢的物理冶金模型,并应用于板带钢热连轧过程奥氏体再结晶、晶粒尺寸和流变应力的预测.结果表明,在合理的温度和压下条件下,应变累积可导致在精轧过程出现动态 亚动态再结晶行为,促进奥氏体晶粒的进一步细化.终轧温度的降低可引起奥氏体晶粒的粗化和残余应变的显著提高.建立了考虑晶粒尺寸和残余应变影响的平均流变应力(MFS)的人工神经网络预测模型,大大提高了热连轧过程MFS预测精度.     

低碳钢Q235奥氏体的动态再结晶与动态相变

对成分为0.18C-0.22Si-0.60Mn(质量分数)的低碳钢在1 100～750 ℃之间的奥氏体动态再结晶及动态相变行为进行了研究.确定了此钢奥氏体发生动态再结晶的临界应变条件及完全动态再结晶后的晶粒尺寸.计算表明,在奥氏体低温区大变形以致使奥氏体发生完全动态再结晶时,可得到6～9 μm 的奥氏体晶粒尺寸.在Ae3以下,变形可以引发动态相变.但奥氏体快速冷却明显推迟了动态相变的发生.与相同温度下单一奥氏体变形相比,有动态相变发生时应力值不增加或降低,其降低程度随变形温度的下降而增加.     

Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr合金动态再结晶实验研究

在温度为523～723 K,应变速率为0.002～1 s-1,最大变形程度为50%的条件下,采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟机对Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr合金进行了高温压缩实验研究.从真应力-真应变曲线上得到了应变硬化率(θ),分别绘制了在不同压缩条件下的θ-σ,-(эθ/эσ)-σ和Inθ-σ.结果表明:动态再结晶开始发生的临界条件满足((э/ σ)(эθ-эσ/))=0,发现动态再结晶开始的临界应力、临界应变与峰值应力、峰值应变的比值在一定范围内变化,动态再结晶过程在真应力-真应变曲线峰值点之前就开始发生.通过金相显微组织研究了该镁合金在不同温度和不同应变速率下的组织演变,采用截线法测量平均晶粒尺寸.结果表明:再结晶晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸随温度的升高、应变速率的减小而增大;随温度的降低应变速率的增大而减小;峰值应力随平均晶粒尺寸的减小而增大,随平均晶粒尺寸的增大而减小.     

一种曲轴用中碳非调质钢的热变形行为

用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对一种中碳曲轴用非调质钢进行1 223~1 473 K和0.2~10 s-1的热压缩变形,获得了其流变曲线,并给出了试验用钢的热变形方程式、动态组织状态图、动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与Z参数之间以及动态再结晶分数与应变量之间的定量关系式。结果表明,试验用钢的流变应力和峰值应变均随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而增大,动态再结晶晶粒平均尺寸随着变形Z参数的增大而减小,Z参数越大,发生动态再结晶和完全动态再结晶所需的应变也越大。     

FGH4102粉末高温合金等温热模拟压缩试验及动态再结晶组织研究

本文研究了新型第四代粉末高温合金FGH4102在等温热模拟压缩过程中的组织演变,对γ′相在动态再结晶过程中的作用进行了探讨。结果表明,热等静压态合金在1060~1120℃温度范围变形时,热加工性能较好。1140℃变形后试样容易发生开裂,合金热加工性能较差。合金在γ+γ′两相区变形时均发生了不同程度的动态再结晶,再结晶晶粒尺寸远小于热等静压态的晶粒尺寸。变形过程中,尺寸较大的γ′相起到促进动态再结晶的作用。变形参数对动态再结晶的影响非常显著。低温高应变速率变形时,γ′相促进动态再结晶形核占主导地位,再结晶晶粒比较细小;高温低应变速率变形时,晶粒长大逐渐占据主导地位,再结晶晶粒尺寸较大。     

Hastelloy C-276合金高温压缩的动态再结晶行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上对Hastelloy C-276(C-276)合金在变形温度为1 000~1 250℃和应变速率为0.01~10.00s~(-1)的变形条件下进行了高温压缩试验,研究了C-276合金热变形过程中组织演变和动态再结晶行为。结果表明,随着变形温度的升高,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸增大,动态再结晶进行得越充分;随着变形程度的增加,动态再结晶体积分数增大,动态再结晶晶粒略有长大;该合金发生动态再结晶的临界应变ε_c与Z参数和ε_p之间的关系分别为:ε_c=7.67×10~(-4)Z~(0.144),ε_c≈0.78ε_p;该合金动态再结晶形核机制主要为晶界弓弯形核机制,也存在孪生诱发动态再结晶形核机制。C-276合金热变形过程中晶粒得到显著细化,组织的均匀性得到有效改善,选用适宜的热加工工艺,可以获得细小均匀的组织。     

26MnB5钢的动态再结晶行为

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟压缩试验获得了26MnB5钢在880～1000℃、0.01～10s-1、最大变形55％条件下的真应力-真应变曲线,研究了26MnB5钢在试验条件下的动态再结晶行为.结果表明:26MnB5的真应力-真应变曲线在高温、低应变速率条件下出现明显峰值点特征,意味着样品发生了动态再结晶;26MnB5再结晶程度和奥氏体晶粒均匀度随温度的增加或应变速率的降低而提高,而晶粒平均尺寸则表现出先减小后增大的趋势;利用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程可以建立26MnB5钢动态再结晶动力学模型,模型预测值与实测值基本吻合.     

Ti-IF钢铁素体变形动态再结晶临界应变模型

用Thermecmaster-Z热模拟试验机试验得出成分为0.006 7%C-0.045 0%Ti的Ti-IF(无间隙原子)钢在变形温度750~900℃和变形速率0.1~40 s^-1时的应力-应变曲线,确定了Zener-Holloman参数Z与应变速率.ε和温度T(K)的关系式Z=.εexp(39 507/T),并建立了临界应变εc与原始晶粒尺寸d0和Z参数的临界应变方程ε_c=2.314 4×10^-3×d^{-0.8003 9}×Z^0.050。结果表明,在相同变形速率下,850℃变形时动态再结晶最易发生,当变形温度提高至900℃(两相区)时,即使在低变形速率(1 s^-1),也不发生动态再结晶。当变形速率大于1 s^-1时,Ti-IF钢热加工时不能出现动态再结晶。临界应变预测值与实测值比较,平均误差≤5%。     

C-Mn钢高温变形过程再结晶及位错密度的研究

利用Gleeble 15 0 0热力模拟机 ,通过双道次压缩试验 ,计算了C -Mn钢SS4 0 0的热变形激活能 ,建立了静态再结晶模型。模拟计算了因热力学行为的演变引起的静态、动态再结晶以及位错密度等物理冶金现象的变化。研究结果表明 :动态再结晶易在温度较高、应变速率较低的条件下发生 ;静态再结晶在前几道次发生的比较充分 ;粗轧阶段细化晶粒的效果比精轧阶段明显。     

Numerical Simulation of Austenite Recrystallization in CSP Hot Rolled C-Mn Steel Strip

An integrated mathematical model is developed to predict the microstructure evolution of C-Mn steel during multipass hot rolling on the CSP production line,and the thermal evolution,the temperature distribution,the deformation,and the austenite recrystallization are simulated.The characteristics of austenite recrystallization of hot rolled C-Mn steel in the CSP process are also discussed.The simulation of the microstructure evolution of C-Mn steel ZJ510L during CSP multipass hot rolling indicates that dynamic recrystallization and metadynamic recrystallization may easily occur in the first few passes,where nonuniform recrystallization and inhomogeneous grain size microstructure may readily occur;during the last few passes,static recrystallization may occur dominantly,and the microstructure will become more homogeneous and partial recrystallization may occur at relatively low temperature.     

Austenite Recrystallization and Controlled Rolling of Low Carbon Steels

The dynamic recrystallization and static recrystallization in a low carbon steel were investigated through single-pass and double-pass experiments. The results indicate that as the deformation temperature increases and the strain rate decreases, the shape of the stress-strain curve is changed from dynamic recovery shape to dynamic recrystallization shape. The austenite could not recrystallize within a few seconds after deformation at temperature below 900 ℃. According to the change in microstructure during deformation, the controlled rolling of low carbon steel can be divided into four stages： dynamic recrystallization, dynamic recovery, strain-induced ferrite transformation, and rolling in two-phase region. According to the microstructure after deformation, the controlled rolling of low carbon steel can be divided into five regions： non-recrystallized austenite, partly-recrystallized austenite, fully-recrystallized austenite, austenite to ferrite transformation, and dual phase.     

含铌微合金钢低温区静态软化行为

 通过两道次压缩变形实验对含Nb微合金钢静态软化行为进行了研究。结果表明：含Nb微合金钢静态再结晶临界温度随应变量增大而降低;随原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加而升高。温度高于静态再结晶临界温度时,含Nb微合金钢的静态再结晶激活能为常数(170589 kJ/mol);温度低于静态再结晶临界温度时,由于Nb的碳氮化物应变诱导析出,含Nb微合金钢的静态再结晶激活能为温度的函数,静态再结晶临界温度可通过再结晶激活能与温度倒数的关系曲线来确定。     

Recrystallization behavior of twin roll cast low carbon steel strip

The dynamic and static recrystallization behaviors of twin roll cast low carbon steel strip were investigated with an attempt to provide guiding deformation parameters for the on line hot rolling.In order to investigate dynamic recrystallization behavior,as cast strip was reheated and soaked with austenite grain size similar to the width level of the as cast columnar structure.Tensile test was used and the deformation temperature is in the range of 900℃to 1 100℃and strain rates are 0.01 s^-1,0.1 s^-1,1 s^-1.The activation energy and stress exponent were determined as 306kJ/mol and 4.69 respectively.The ratio of critical strain to the peak strain is 0.65,and that of critical stress to the peak stress is 0.92.The dependence of the peak strain on the initial grain size and Zener - Hollomon parameters Z isε_p =9.1×10^-4×D₀^0.48Z^0.13.The kinetics of the dynamic recrystallization and recrystallized grain size was predicted using models published.The as cast coarse austenite were dramatically refined after complete dynamic recrystallization.For static recrystallization,the tensile test was carried out on Gleeble -3500 thermo - mechanical simulator.The deformation temperature is in the range of 800℃to 1 200℃with strain rate 0.01 s^-1 to 1s^-1.The pre strain is fixed at 0.04 to 0.12 and the inter-hit delay time varies from 1 s to 3 000 s.The activation energy and Avrami exponent of static recrystallization were determined as 241 kJ/mol and 0.54 respectively.A kinetics model was proposed to describe the static recrystallization kinetics.The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

热连轧生产船板钢E36静态再结晶行为研究

基于热模拟双道次压缩试验,研究了热连轧生产过程中船板钢E36奥氏体变形区不同变形温度、变形间隙时间内的软化行为,分析了变形温度和轧制变形间隙时间对静态再结晶软化率的影响,结果表明：变形温度是影响再结晶的最主要因素,在达到轧制变形温度时,随着轧制间隙时间的延长,再结晶软化率呈现逐步递增的趋势。通过金相分析,得出了最佳轧制...     

Study on dynamic recrystallization behavior of hot rolled TRIP steel produced by CSP process

The dynamic recrystallization behavior of hot rolled TRIP steel produced by CSP process was studied by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine in the temperature range of 950-1150℃ with the strain rate of 0.1-10s-1 and the strain of 65%. And the effect of initial austenite grain size on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of TRIP steel was explored. The results show that the finer initial austenite grain size, the higher deformation temperature and the lower strain rate, the more positive austenite dynamic recrystallization of TRIP steel. Moreover, it is found that when the coarse grained samples (initial austenite grain size is 767.54μm) deform in the range of 1050℃ to 1150℃, the austenite dynamic recrystallization will take place, and the dynamic recrystallization activation energy of TRIP steel is deduced as 361539.17J/mol. The Zener-Hollomon parameter equation as a function of strain rate and temperature is determined. And the model of critical strain for dynamic recrystallization, the flow stress model of austenite at high temperature and the grain size model for dynamic recrystallization are also established. The calculation results are coincided well with the experimental results.     

CSP热轧TRIP钢动态再结晶行为研究

摘要：采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,在温度为950~1150℃、应变速率为0.1~10s-1和变形量为65%的条件下研究了CSP热轧TRIP钢的动态再结晶行为,探讨了初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸对TRIP钢动态再结晶行为的影响。研究结果表明,初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸越小,变形温度越高,应变速率越慢时,TRIP钢中奥氏体越易发生动态再结晶。其中,粗晶试样（初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸为767.54μm）在1050~1150℃内变形时,将发生动态再结晶。其热变形激活能为361539.17J/mol,确定了Zener-Holloman参数与应变速率和温度的关系式,建立了动态再结晶临界应变模型、高温奥氏体流动应力模型和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型,理论模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

低碳钢中铌含量对奥氏体再结晶的影响

为了弄清铌含量对奥氏体再结晶的影响，以低碳钢为研究对象，借助热模拟试验机与金相等分析手段对其进行试验研究与讨论。结果表明，在铌含量一定的条件下，发生动态再结晶的临界应变随着应变速率的增加而提高，随着变形温度的升高而降低；当铌质量分数增至0.05%时，其阻碍动态再结晶的作用更为明显；此外，降低变形量，减少道次间隔时间，提高铌含量，均会使静态再结晶体积分数下降，阻碍静态再结晶的发生。