多层Au-Pd核壳纳米颗粒膜增敏的光纤氢气传感器

高灵敏度、快速响应的光纤氢气传感技术是未来氢气传感技术的发展方向,对保障氢能系统安全具有重要意义。针对纳米尺度的钯基氢敏材料难以与光器件耦合的问题,本文采用水相合成及离心沉积方法制备具有快速氢气响应特性的Au-Pd核壳纳米颗粒膜,搭建了含有Au-Pd核壳纳米颗粒氢敏膜阵列的透射式传感系统,实现了光信号与多层纳米颗粒膜阵列的耦合,通过提高敏感材料对光信号的调制能力增强了传感器的灵敏度。实验研究表明,本文制备的AuPd核壳纳米颗粒膜粒径为48nm,Pd层厚度约为4nm。该敏感薄膜对4%浓度氢气的响应时间小于3s,且在循环测试中显示了良好的重复性和稳定性。通过3片薄膜阵列传感,在不影响传感器响应速度的同时将传感器灵敏度提升至最高,为单片膜的2.7倍。该研究为开发高性能光纤氢气传感器提供了重要指导。     

基于中心积分法的11维集成光波导芯片封装系统

研制了基于中心积分法的集成光波导芯片封装系统,该系统在空间11维上实现了光波导器件的位置调节,通过高精度对准和改进后的中心积分法快速准确地实现芯片对准。在单芯光纤-条波导-单芯光纤系统的封装测试实验中,端面耦合损耗的平均值为0.113 6 dB,单次耦合损耗的最大值＜0.13 dB,标准偏差＜0.02 dB,单次耦合时间＜2 min。在单芯光纤列阵-1×8波导分支耦合器-8芯光纤列阵的封装生产中,各通道插入损耗均＜10.5 dB,均匀性指标＜0.4 dB,单次耦合时间＜5 min。数据证明,该系统已完全达到商业化标准,具有良好效果和实用性。     

基于全保偏光纤的反射式双折射干涉温度传感器

为了解决透射式光纤温度传感结构不利于测试、灵敏度不高的问题,提出并设计了反射式熊猫型保偏光纤双折射干涉温度传感器。首先通过理论分析并数值仿真研究了熊猫型保偏光纤传感臂长度、转轴角度与温度传感灵敏度之间的关系,并通过在传感臂端面镀金的方式提高反射率。在此基础上,搭建了光纤温度传感测试系统,测试结果表明,在转轴熔接45°、保偏光纤传感臂长度L=80 cm的条件下,50℃～56℃范围内传感器灵敏度可以达到2.741 nm/℃;在保偏光纤传感臂长度为L=7 cm、转轴熔接30°的条件下,65℃～76℃范围内传感器灵敏度为1.400 nm/℃。最后,把设计的温度传感器用于卫星模型温度的测量实验,验证了传感器应用的可行性及有效性。不同波长波谷的漂移量与温度变化呈现良好的线性关系。     

基于单光子探测的光子计数光时域反射仪研究进展

基于光时域反射技术（Optical Time Domain Reflectometry, OTDR）的光纤分布式传感器可以实现对整个传感光纤空间可分辨的分布式测量，相比点式传感器具有极大的技术及应用成本优势。而传统的基于模拟探测的OTDR光纤分布式传感器在空间分辨率及动态范围上存在性能瓶颈。基于单光子探测的光子计数OTDR光纤分布式传感系统通过数字化的探测和记录方式，可以突破传统OTDR系统的性能极限。本文对光子计数OTDR系统技术及发展进行了综述，旨在通过本文的综述，明确基于单光子探测的光子计数OTDR系统的优势及限制，以及该技术的未来发展趋势，促进基于OTDR技术的光纤分布式传感器的进一步发展。     

DOFRPTS系统的温度灵敏度

研制成分布型光纤喇曼光子温度传感器(Distributed Optical FiberRaman Photons Temperature Sensor,简称 DOFRPTS)系统,它是一种用于实时测量空间温度场分布和光纤传感系统,Raman 光子是温度信息的载体,光纤既是传输介质又是传感介质。本文从理论和实验上讨论了调制与解调的方法,对三种不同解调方法的温度灵敏度进行了比较。     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的柔性触滑觉复合传感研究

针对仿生皮肤柔性触滑觉复合传感问题,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅的双层分布式传感单元。首先,研究了光纤布拉格光栅的传感机理,推导了基于参考光栅的温度补偿原理;然后,利用聚合物弹性材料对光纤布拉格光栅传感阵列进行保护性和增敏性封装,设计了双层"十字型"的分布式传感阵列单元,并对传感阵列单元压力灵敏度进行了仿真分析研究;最后,搭建实验系统平台,对柔性复合传感器进行了温度、触觉和滑觉传感实验。仿真和实验结果表明,该柔性触滑觉传感器具有良好的线性度和响应速度,温度灵敏度为13 pm/℃,是裸光纤布拉格光栅的1.31倍;正向压力灵敏度为7.289 nm/MPa,x正向和x负向剪切力灵敏度分别为0.060 2和0.063 6 nm/N;由滑觉传感特征信号可以获取物体的滑移信息。该传感器有望表贴或埋置于仿生手内部,对实现仿生手触滑觉信息感知具有一定的应用价值。     

利用超短FBG光谱线性区的传感解调系统

为了研究一种星载光纤光栅传感解调系统,通过高掺锗光纤载氢增敏和优化紫外曝光功率,实现了栅区长度小于0.5mm,反射率大于40%,3dB带宽大于5nm,反射谱边缘有效线性区域大于2nm的超短光纤光栅的写制。提出了一种将超短FBG作为传感器件,利用其光谱线性区进行传感解调的方法。将中心波长位于光谱线性区域的稳频激光入射到超短光纤光栅,随着超短光纤光栅光谱的漂移,反射光的功率随之变化。由于稳频激光位于线性区域,返回光功率与光谱漂移量呈线性关系,因而可实现传感测量。将该系统用于应变和温度的测量,结果表明,光功率随应变、温度变化具有较好的线性关系,线性度分别为0.997和0.999,灵敏度分别为54.59nW/με和230nW/℃。该方法可用于温度及应变的精确测量,并且具有结构简单、功耗小、测量空间分辨率高等潜在优势。     

提高光纤传感测量精度的方法研究

采用激光干涉原理实现了微位移光纤传感测量.通过对光学系统和光电检测系统的研究,总结出提高光纤传感测量精度的方法,文中对微弱光信号的相位调制,数字解理过程,给出了低噪声设计的理论依据,电路参数的选取原则和预放级设计的一般方法.系统微位移测试精度约0.05nm.     

马赫-曾德尔干涉集成化的全光纤磁场与温度传感器

为了简化光纤磁场与温度传感器的结构并提高传感器灵敏度,设计并制作了马赫-曾德尔干涉集成化的全光纤磁场与温度传感器。将单根光纤的马赫-曾德尔模间干涉结构和双臂马赫-曾德尔干涉结构结合:将总长度为1.2m的单模光纤部分制备成长度为2.7cm、锥腰直径为30.1μm的锥形微纳光纤,并得到了拉锥时间与锥腰直径的关系。将锥形微纳光纤放置尼龙槽内并包覆磁凝胶构成传感头,实现模间干涉的马赫-曾德尔磁场传感器;将磁场传感器通过两耦合比为50%∶50%的耦合器并联带有可调谐光衰减器的单模光纤形成马赫-曾德尔干涉的温度传感器。从理论上分析了光谱漂移对磁场和温度传感的特性关系,实验测得室温下磁场强度在25~50mT时,磁场传感的灵敏度为0.301 14nm/mT;在磁场强度为0,温度由25℃升高到30℃时,温度传感的灵敏度为0.518 86nm/℃。该传感器可广泛应用于电力系统放电检测、材料加工、安全监控等领域。     

多信道二维光子晶体滤波器

根据光波模在光子晶体线缺陷波导和环形谐振腔之间的耦合原理,在二维三角晶格光子晶体中设计了一款由线缺陷主波导、环形谐振腔、60°弯下载波导组成的多信道下载滤波器。利用平面波展开方法计算了完整光子晶体及线缺陷波导的能带结构;基于时域有限差分方法计算了各目标频率光信号在器件中的传输特性,分析了影响器件耦合效率的因素并对其进行了改进。分析表明:通过改变环形谐振腔内介质柱的半径可以调节光子晶体环形谐振腔的谐振频率,而改变线缺陷主波导与环形谐振腔之间耦合区域中介质柱的形状以及将直下载波导改换成60°弯下载波导可以提高线缺陷主波导、60°弯波导与环形谐振腔之间的耦合效率。计算结果显示:优化后的多信道二维光子晶体滤波器具备优良的选频功能,各目标频率光信号的透射率均达90%以上。与传统半导体介质材料器件相比,该器件体积较小,结构简单,易于大规模集成,很有应用前景。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....