多功能涂层织物的制备

采用对环境污染小的水性聚氨酯作涂层剂，利用自制的羊毛角蛋白溶液对其进行改性以提高涂层织物的透湿性能，同时向涂层剂中加入抗紫外线纳米粉体。利用电子显微镜观察了涂层荆干法膜的表面形貌，采用红外光谱仪测试了其内部成分；对涂层后织物的各项主要性能进行了测试，其结果显示得到了集防水、透湿、抗紫外线功能于一身的多功能涂层织物。     

抗紫外线纤维及纺织品

抗紫外线纺织品的加工技术一是在纺丝过程中加入屏蔽剂,二是采用织物表面涂层法。介绍了常用的抗紫外线屏蔽剂和吸收剂,对国产抗紫外线涤纶长丝的物理指标及其织品的抗紫外效果进行了测试分析。结果表明抗紫外线纤维制成的纺织品具有较好的抗紫外线功能。     

涤塔夫织物拒水整理及防紫外线性能研究

为了获得具有优异拒水性能和防紫外线性能的涤塔夫织物,文中首先采用无氟拒水剂CWR-8DC对涤塔夫织物进行拒水整理,探讨拒水剂CWR-8DC质量浓度、焙烘时间、烘焙温度、洗涤次数等因素对织物拒水性能的影响。为进一步提高拒水剂CWR-8DC在涤塔夫织物上的耐洗牢度,探究了黏合剂的种类及浓度对涤塔夫织物功能整理效果的影响,并对整理后织物进行银胶涂层,测试其防紫外线性能。结果表明：拒水剂CWR-8DC质量浓度为60 g/L,黏合剂FK-C与拒水剂CWR-8DC以1∶20的体积比复配,整理后织物80℃预烘180 s,160℃焙烘90 s,经银胶涂层整理后的织物具有优异的拒水性能及防紫外线性能,其接触角可达133.1°,并且经15次洗涤后拒水等级仍能达到4级,紫外防护系数UPF值可达227.63。     

聚乙二醇改性角蛋白对羊毛织物的功能整理

角蛋白具有与人体皮肤一样的氨基酸组成,其良好的生物相容性和亲肤特性使其在织物整理中具有良好的应用前景。为了提高废弃羊毛的利用率,同时改善羊毛织物的各项服用性能,文章采用聚乙二醇(PEG)改性角蛋白和水性聚氨酯共混制备涂层剂,对经过L-半胱氨酸还原处理的羊毛织物进行涂层整理。对整理后的羊毛织物进行服用性能测试,结果表明:PEG改性角蛋白/水性聚氨酯涂层能够吸附在纤维表面形成薄膜,可改善织物的毡缩性能和抗起毛起球性能,毡缩率降到1%以下,抗起毛起球等级3级,紫外线防护系数UPF值可达100以上,且使原本疏水的羊毛织物亲水性极大增强,3 s内即可完全润湿。风格测试显示:织物表面变光滑,但整体手感变硬,强度微降。     

抗紫外线整理织物的研究

织物抗紫外线主要取决于织物本身屏蔽紫外线的能力。由于纤维的种类不同，其紫外线的透过率也不同，它们除了吸收光之外，还有扩散和反射作用，目前所使用的紫外线屏蔽剂分为散射剂和紫外线吸收剂。本研究采用的屏蔽剂均匀分散于水相中，能稳定地保持紫外线屏蔽作用，对织物进行整理后，达到织物抗紫外线的效果。     

苦丁茶黄酮提取物对真丝织物抗紫外线性能研究

苦丁茶黄酮提取物具有高效广谱抗紫外线性能,并被成功用于防晒组分,但利用其紫外吸收性能开发抗紫外线纺织品的研究较少。文章采用水浸提法对苦丁茶进行浸提,并将其天然黄酮提取液用于真丝织物染色,选用无醛固色剂DM-2518对染色后真丝织物进行固色处理。通过测试浸提液紫外-可见吸收光谱及织物抗紫外线性能,优化出苦丁茶天然黄酮提取的最佳工艺为料液比1︰10,80℃提取60 min;天然黄酮提取液对真丝织物的最佳染色工艺为染浴pH3,80℃染色90 min。对固色后的真丝织物耐洗性进行测试,结果表明固色后织物具有耐久的抗紫外线性能。     

棉丙交织物抗紫外线和抗红外线性能分析

利用棉纱和抗紫外线、抗红外线的丙纶长丝，采用交织的织造方式形成交织织物。通过抗紫外线性能及抗红外线性能的测试，并分析了纤维材料及织物结构对其性能的影响，认为棉丙交织物具有抗紫外线、抗红外线性能和隔热效果，起到了抗双重热辐射的作用，适应夏季织物服用功能性的要求。     

紫外线防护织物性能的模糊综合评定

利用抗紫外线功能性丙纶长丝,配合组织变化织造出4种夏季凉爽、轻薄型织物,对其进行抗紫外线功能性和服用性能测试,并用模糊综合评定的方法定量地对织物的综合性能进行评价。     

工艺参数对织物抗紫外线性能的影响

为了研究工艺参数对织物抗紫外线性能的影响,从颜色、组织结构、覆盖紧度等方面着手,设计并织制了3组不同规格的织物。采用积分球法测试织物的抗紫外线性能,计算织物的UPF AV和T（UVA）AV,并将其作为紫外线防护效果的依据。对测试计算结果进行分析,得出如下结论：影响织物防紫外线效果的因素很多,在开发抗紫外线性能织物时,要充分考虑原料、颜色、织物组织、覆盖紧度等因素,才能使产品在保持原有服用、美观的同时,达到良好的抗紫外线效果。     

聚脲涂饰剂在棉织物中的应用

采用六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、聚天冬氨酸酯树脂F524和4,4'-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷等原料,制备了聚天冬氨酸酯聚脲涂饰剂,并通过转移涂层的方法整理棉织物。分析了聚脲涂层织物的强力、折皱回复性、耐磨性和防紫外线性能,发现涂层整理织物的强力、弹性和耐磨性得到很大的提高,并具有较好的抗紫外线性能,可应用于户外纺织品。     

The influence of distribution and deposit of conductive coating on shielding effectiveness of textiles

This study presents the investigation of electrically conductive fabrics with low resistivity, coated with formulation containing the conjugated polymer system – poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT-PSS). The samples of fabrics were coated with PEDOT-PSS, using a screen printing method, by different patterns or coating their surface fully with different coating deposit. Methods for measurement of electrostatic properties, reflection and transmission as well as the assessment of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) shielding effectiveness were used for the characterization of electrical properties of developed samples. EMR shielding properties were investigated within 2–12 GHz frequency bands. The highest attenuation of the electromagnetic energy among tested fabrics was obtained on the fabrics fully coated with paste and it depended on deposit considerably. The influence of distribution and deposit of conductive coating on shielding effectiveness of textiles were determined. Correlation between shielding effectiveness and electrostatic properties of developed coated fabrics was also discussed. Electrical properties of samples coated with formulation containing PEDOT-PSS were compared with these of fabrics with metalized yarns, developed by us earlier. The results of EMR shielding measurements showed that fabrics coated with the paste containing conductive polymer system compared to fabrics with in-weaved conductive metalized yarns have certain advantages as EMR shields.     

提高聚氨酯涂层织物撕破强力研究

从分析涂层织物撕破机理入手,结合理论分析和实验验证两方面结果,讨论了影响聚氨酯涂层织物撕破强力的主要因素,并提出了提高涂层织物撕破强力的具体措施。     

聚氨酯转移涂层织物的透湿防水性能

 利用亲水和非亲水性聚氨酯(PU)树脂,经一定的工艺加工成聚氨酯转移涂层织物。测量与分析了织物孔径结构、接触角、透湿量以及耐静水压等参数。结果表明,采用非亲水性PU树脂的涂层织物,仅有微孔透湿,透湿率低,但防水性好;而亲水性PU涂层织物,既有以水蒸气和液态水形式通过“溶解—扩散—吸附”传递;又有通过微孔质扩散,故该类亲水性PU涂层织物具有很好的透湿性能,但防水性不足,达不到PU涂层织物透湿性与防水性和谐统一的要求。     

Dyestuffs and metal ions absorbents based on UV-coated Nylon-6 fabric

Hydrophilicity of Nylon-6 fabrics has been modified by surface coating with aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and acrylic acid (AAc) using UV irradiation. The effect of AAc concentration and UV irradiation time (minute) on the hydrophilic properties of the coated nylon fabric was studied. Water absorption (%) increased with increasing AAc concentration up to 20% at 20 min. Morphology of coated fabrics was examined by scanning electron microscope, which indicated compatibility between coating layer and fabrics. Moreover, mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break were studied. The sorption of dyestuffs such as basic, and reactive and also, sorption of metal ions by coated fabrics was measured using UV Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the coated fabrics have a high affinity for basic rather than reactive dye. Also, coated fabrics show good efficiency toward metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺. The results obtained show that the coated nylon fabrics have good sorption ability toward heavy metal ions and dyes.     

Electrical conductivity and physiological comfort of silver coated cotton fabrics

The objective of present study was to develop multifunctional and wearable electrically conductive fabrics with acceptable comfort properties by in-situ deposition of silver particles. The effect of silver nitrate concentration and number of dips was investigated for change in electrical conductivity, EMI shielding, and antimicrobial properties of coated fabrics. The dynamic light scattering and SEM analysis were employed to study the morphology of deposited silver particles. The EMI shielding was found to increase with increase in concentration of silver particles. Later, the comfort and mechanical properties were studied. No significant decrease in air permeability and water vapor permeability was observed due to partial coverage of fabric pores by coating of silver particles. Moreover, the coated fabrics also showed promising behavior toward antimicrobial properties. When the durability of coated fabrics was examined against washing, the application of binder provided good retention of silver particles without loss of electrical conductivity of coated fabrics.     

多功能聚氨酯涂层织物的制备及性能

采用聚氨酯(PU)树脂溶液添加到适量的壳聚糖溶液中,同时调整粘度至所需涂布的粘度,经转移涂层工艺加工成PU涂层织物。通过透湿、耐静水压等仪器对PU涂层织物的透湿量、耐静水压以及抗菌性能进行测试与分析。结果表明,壳聚糖对涂层织物耐静水压有一定影响,较好地改善了PU涂层织物的透湿性能,并赋予PU涂层织物抗菌性能,从而实现防水、透湿和抗菌三效合一的多功能产品。     

丝胶蛋白用于涤纶织物改性的研究

用环氧类化合物作为交联剂，将丝胶涂覆在涤纶织物上，并对其织物的一些性能进行测试。实验结果表明，丝胶在交联剂的作用下能均匀地涂覆于经碱减量处理的涤纶织物上，经涂覆后的织物，吸湿性有较大改善，回潮率提高95．24％，透气性提高247．9％。     

银/二氧化钛可见光催化自清洁织物的制备及其性能

为制备基于可见光光催化降解机制的自清洁织物,吡咯(Py)为单体,以硝酸银为银源,通过化学氧化聚合在商业化的纳米二氧化钛(TiO2 )表面形成聚吡咯掺杂银包覆层(PPy-Ag/ TiO2 ),然后高温焙烧去除PPy,获得可见光响应催化剂银/ 二氧化钛(Ag/ TiO2 )。通过共分散溶液用浸渍涂覆法将其涂覆到聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维上,经加捻、合股织制成织物。借助扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱分析仪、热重分析仪、紫外可见分光光度计等测试织物的结构和性能。结果表明：Ag/ TiO2 粒子较均匀地负载到PAN 纤维表面,其负载率约为3. 17%;涂覆Ag/ TiO2 的织物对亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B 和红酒在可见光下具有良好的降解作用,表现出良好的自清洁效果;经多次洗涤后,该织物仍保持良好的光催化效果,具有良好的耐洗牢度。     

蒸镀超疏水涤纶织物的制备及其疏水性能

为实现耐久超疏水涤纶织物的简易制备,采用物理气相沉积技术在碱减量预处理的涤纶表面蒸镀低表面能的聚四氟乙烯。采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪、耐磨试验仪和热分析仪分别对镀膜织物的微观形貌、浸润性、耐久性和膜材的热稳定性进行表征。设计单因素与正交的组合试验方案,对各因素与疏水性能之间的关系进行分析。结果表明：影响镀膜织物疏水性能的主次因素依次为NaOH 质量浓度、蒸镀速率和蒸镀厚度;当NaOH 质量浓度为15g/L,蒸镀速率为0.3nm/s,蒸镀厚度为1.5 μm 时,可制得超疏水涤纶镀膜织物,其接触角和滚动角分别为151°和8.1°;经过7 000次的摩擦试验后,镀膜织物仍拥有124°的接触角和58.6°的滚动角,表现出良好的使用耐久性。     

钨酸铋负载涤纶织物的制备及其光催化性能

为探讨Bi2WO6负载涤纶织物对染料的降解效果,采用丙烯酸丁酯对涤纶织物进行前处理,将十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和Bi2WO6 (简写为SDS-Bi2WO6)、Bi2WO6分别负载到涤纶织物上,得到负载涤纶织物。用扫描电镜、X 射线衍射与傅里叶变换红外光谱表征织物的表面形貌、晶体结构和化学结构。评价负载涤纶织物的抗紫外线性能与拒水性能,并以紫外光照射下降解亚甲基蓝研究其光催化性能。结果表明,合成的Bi2WO6颗粒为正交晶相并且均匀地负载在涤纶织物表面。与SDS-Bi2WO6负载涤纶织物相比,Bi2WO6负载涤纶织物有更好的抗紫外线性能和拒水性能。Bi2WO6负载涤纶织物具有比SDS-Bi2WO6负载涤纶织物更优异的光催化活性,紫外光照射7 h后,其对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到92%。