基于超结构光纤光栅的混沌序列OCDMA系统

提出了一种双极性编解码的光码多分址(OCDMA)系统,采用混沌序列作地址码,并使用超结构光纤布拉格光栅(SSFBG)作编/解码器。三阶Chebyshev映射能够产生具有良好相关性且适用于异步CDMA系统的双极性混沌序列,通过对三阶Chebyshev映射赋予一定初值,并进行反复迭代,得到一定长度的双极性混沌序列。根据地址码的特征,通过控制FBG的折射率分布形成SSFBG,利用SSFBG产生相应的双极性混沌序列作OCDMA系统的编/解码器。对系统性能进行了定量分析,在完全异步的情况下,推导了信噪比(SNR)与误码率(BER)的表达式。仿真分析了系统在不同码长下的BER随接入用户数的变化,并和使用Gold序列的情况进行了比较。结果表明,随着码长的增加,在接入用户数一定的情况下,系统具有较低的BER;由于混沌序列良好的自互相关性,相应的混沌序列OCDMA系统与使用Gold序列的系统相比具有较低的BER,并可以容纳更多的用户数。     

光码分多址系统中双极性码的应用研究

基带双极性光码分多址(OCDMA)系统，采用码的极性转换思想，实现在考虑信道非理想下的单极性信道中传输双极性码。研究了Gold序列，m序列在系统中的应用和传输信道对光码分多址系统性能的影响。仿真得到了双极性码在光码分多址系统的自相关和互相关特性。基于不同码字的光码分多址系统用户数与误码率的关系和基于非理想传输信道的系统性能影响曲线。结果表明，Gold序列和m序列适合双极性光码分多址系统，但Gold序列较m序列更适合应用到双极性光码分多址系统，当系统激活用户数为20，系统误码率分别达到了10^-9，10^-7，非理想传输信道对系统性能有较大的影响(恶化近20dB)，在系统研究中不可忽略。     

基于混沌序列的相干OCDMA系统性能分析

文章把二进制的双极性混沌序列应用到两个相干光码分多址(OCDMA)系统中,推导了信噪比和误码率的表达式,仿真分析了误码率随用户数的变化曲线,并和使用Gold序列的同一方案进行了比较,研究结果表明基于混沌序列的系统有较低的误码率和较高的安全性.     

双极性光码分复用系统的研究

对光码分多址（OCDMA）系统中的地址码，包括单极性码和双极性码的容量和性能进行了分析比较，给出了4种双极性编码方案。单极性系统无论是在确定误码率条件和同时传输用户数方面，还是在系统总用户数方面，都远不及双极性系统，双极性系统是OCDMA系统实现大容量的有效途径之一。     

完全互补OCDMA系统编解码方案与系统设计

对双极性光码分多址(OCDMA)系统采用码的单/双极性转换思路,将相关性能更优秀的双极性码应用于传统单极性OCDMA信道中,提出了一种采用双极性完全互补序列的OCDMA编解码方案及系统模型.仿真结果表明,完全互补的OC-DMA系统与基于Gold序列的OCDMA系统性能相比有较大的优势.采用完全互补序列作为地址码,可以有效降低OCD-MA系统中的多址干扰,提高通信质量.     

双极性和单极性编解码的性能比较

介绍了采用光正交码与素数码的单极性光延迟编解码器和采用光延迟平衡与非平衡结构的双极性编解码OCDMA系统,并对它们的性能进行了比较.结果表明,双极性编解码比单极性编解码的误码率有几个数量级的改善,用户数可提高近10倍.     

Logistic扩频序列在MC-CDMA系统中的性能分析

文章通过对Logistic映射产生的混沌序列的特性进行定量分析,证明了Logistic映射序列在MC-CDMA系统中能够实现扩频通信的适应性;随后在分析影响MC-CDMA系统信噪比及误码率主要因素的基础上,在MC-CDMA下行链路基于BPSK调制方式,选择m序列、Gold序列、Logistic映射混沌序列分别作为扩频序列进行了实验仿真,揭示了系统误码率随序列长度、用户数、子载波数、信噪比的变化关系.在用户数和序列长度一定的情况下,信噪比在8dB之前,使用三种序列系统的误码率几乎相同,在信噪比为12dB之后Logistic序列误码性能明显优于其它两序列.而在序列长度和系统信噪比一定的情况下,在8个用户之前采用不同扩频序列系统误码率区分不明显,而在8个用户之后,随着用户数的增多,Logistic序列与其它两序列的误码率区分更加清楚.     

基于修正素数码的双OHL同步OCDMA性能分析

基于单硬限幅器(OHL)的同步光码分多址 (OCDMA) 系统不能完全消除信道串扰,引入了双OHL结构来优化系统传输性能.文章给出地址码的码重、光谱强度、用户数与误码率及同异步系统归一化吞吐量间的关系,结果表明:在用户数与地址码重相差较大的情况下,双OHL同步OCDMA系统误码率下降明显且比异步系统的归一化吞吐量大.     

全光混沌序列发生器设计

如何在光域产生混沌序列并将其作为光码分多址OCDMA(optical code division multiple access)系统的地址码,是近年来一个新的研究方向。利用马赫-增德尔干涉仪设计了一种完全在光域产生模拟双极性混沌序列的发生器。通过控制马赫-增德尔干涉仪两臂引起的相移来调制输入光电场的振幅和相位,使得输出光电场矢量等于输入光电场矢量与余弦项的乘积,多个干涉仪及光纤延迟线和相移器可以构成混沌序列发生器,并按logistic映射在光域产生双极性混沌序列。此混沌序列发生器可作为OCDMA系统的编解码器,提高保密性并增加系统可容纳的用户数。     

异步DS-CDMA系统扩频序列分析

在无法获得稳定的全网同步特殊情况下,异步DS-CDMA系统是一种维持通信网络畅通的有效途径。该文首先分析了异步DS-CDMA多用户系统下多用户干扰（MAI）产生机理以及对系统性能带来的影响,在仿真环境下建立了异步DS-CDMA多用户系统模型,然后对三种扩频序列的相关特性进行仿真分析。比较分析了不同接入时延误差和不同失步用户数两种情况下,系统使用不同扩频序列时在AWGN信道下的误码率特性。分析表明,混沌序列是更加满足异步DS-CDMA系统的扩频序列,论文结果对可靠通信系统研究具有参考价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.