激光在硅基底沉积类金刚石膜的光学应用

研究了氧气氛和掺硅对类金刚石(DLC)膜性能的影响机理.采用飞秒激光烧蚀石墨靶材,通过氧气氛、掺硅和离轴平移旋转等技术,在硅基底上镀制出比传统工艺透过率、硬度、附着力和稳定性等性能更优的无氢DLC膜.实验验证了随着氧气氛压强的增大,样片透过率先增大后减小,存在一个最佳气压(2 Pa).并且掺硅有助于改善DLC膜的性能,掺硅量也存在一个最佳值.在3-5 μm波段,正面镀DLC膜、背面镀普通增透膜的硅红外窗口的平均透过率≥91.7%,DLC膜的纳米硬度高达40～50 GPa.且通过军标规定的高温、低温、湿热、盐雾、重摩擦等环境实验.满足光学窗口工程应用的要求.     

飞秒激光沉积红外窗口类金刚石增透保护膜

脉冲激光沉积法是一种制备类金刚石膜(DLC膜)的新技术.总结了脉冲激光法制备DLC膜在激光源、脉宽、沉积气氛及薄膜掺杂等方面的发展趋势.建立了飞秒脉冲激光沉积DLC膜系统,在不同的沉积条件下(如:真空、氧气氛、掺硅等)开展了实验研究,阐明了不同沉积条件对DLC膜性能的影响规律.在硅、锗红外窗口上镀制了工程实用的DLC增...     

锗基底3～5μm和8～12μm双波段红外增透膜研究

文中简要叙述了双波段(3～5μm 和8～12μm) 红外增透膜的膜料选择以及锗基底上红外双波段增透膜的设计与镀制,介绍了离子束辅助沉积技术制备该薄膜的过程。提出了采用脉冲真空电弧离子镀技术镀制无氢类金刚石膜作为红外增透膜的保护膜,并讨论了镀制类金刚石膜后,镀膜元件的光谱特性。     

射频磁控溅射GaP薄膜的光学性能

采用射频磁控溅射方法在ZnS衬底上制备了不同工艺参数下的GaP薄膜，并通过FTIR分析了工艺参数对GaP薄膜红外透过率的影响规律。利用优化后的工艺参数成功地制备了厚为10.5μm的GaP膜，根据膜系设计结果制备了DLC/GaP膜系，实验表明，GaP厚膜与基体结合性能较好，光学性能亦有所改善；DLC/GaP膜系的红外增透效果良好，在8～11.5μm波段平均透过率净增5.69%，足以满足8～11.5μm增透要求。     

利用脉冲准分子激光在ZnS上沉积类金刚石薄膜

利用氟化氪(KrF)脉冲准分子激光烧蚀沉积(PLD)技术,通过对激光等离子体的粒子成分以及空间分布的诊断,实现了等离子体成分的选择性沉积。在不降低光谱范围和透过率指标的前提下,解决了类金刚石(DLC)薄膜和硫化锌(ZnS)基底的牢固结合问题;通过改进基底平台的扫描方式,在激光烧蚀沉积工艺中沉积了80mm的大面积均匀类金刚石薄膜。制备的类金刚石/ZnS镀膜样品,光谱范围为0.53~12μm,其中1.3~11μm波段透过率在70%以上,膜层均匀性优于95%,可耐受环境湿度95%~100%,工作温度-45~85℃,附着力达到国军标要求。研究表明,利用类金刚石薄膜可以明显提高ZnS材料的耐冲击、耐高温、耐辐射和抗沙粒、盐、雾和尘埃的磨损侵蚀等能力。     

脉冲磁控溅射制备树脂镜片红外防护功能薄膜

选取氮化硅和二氧化硅作为薄膜材料,借助膜系设计软件对膜系结构进行优化,采用中频脉冲磁控溅射技术进行薄膜制备.利用高反膜透射曲线拟合方法调整薄膜的实际沉积速率,减少膜厚控制误差,在树脂镜片CR39基底的凸面和凹面上分别镀制了符合设计要求的红外防护膜和可见光减反膜.镀膜后树脂镜片在420-680 nm的平均透过率大于95%...     

ZnSe基底7～14μm波段宽带增透膜

简要叙述了7～14μm波段红外增透膜的膜料选择以及硒化锌基底上高性能红外增透膜的设计和工艺研究。介绍了离子辅助沉积技术沉积该膜的的工艺过程。给出了用该方法制备的7～14μm波段宽带减反射膜的实测光谱曲线,其峰值透过率高达98%以上,在设计波段范围内平均透过率大于97%,膜层附着性能好,光机性能稳定。这对于红外光学系统的应用具有十分重要的意义。     

大角度激光通信带通滤光片的研究

为了满足激光通信系统的技术需求,选取Ti3O5、SiO2两种材料,采用前、后表面分别镀制长、短波通组合的方法,在HWB850基底上完成了在0°~60°范围内1064nm波段高透射,紫外、可见、近红外波段深截止滤光膜的设计,分析了实际测试曲线与理论曲线不吻合原因,并结合工艺的改进解决了偏差,最终制备的滤光片在0°入射时1064nm透过率91.7%,截止带透过率小于0.1%,60°入射时1064nm透过率86.9%,截止带透过率小于1%,具有良好的环境适应性,满足系统的技术需求。     

掺铥钼酸钆钡晶体1.9μm腔面膜的研制

根据Tm3+∶BaGd2(MoO4)4激光晶体的发光特性,以厚度为1.1 mm的该晶体为基底,选择Ta2O5和SiO2作为高低折射率膜料,通过电子枪蒸镀的物理沉积方式分别在晶体两端面设计并镀制了输入膜系和输出膜系,同时采用霍尔离子源辅助沉积来增强晶体与膜层之间的结合力。镀膜后的晶体输入端面795 nm透过率大于90%,1.9 μm透过率小于0.2%;输出端面795 nm透过率小于10%,1.9 μm透过率等于6.55%。通过采用795 nm波长的半导体激光泵浦镀膜后的晶体,实现了1.9 μm准连续激光输出,结果表明该激光输入输出膜系的镀制满足激光器实验的使用要求。     

激光沉积红外窗口高性能类金刚石膜技术

类金刚石(DLC)膜具有宽光谱高透射率、高硬度、高热传导及高稳定性等优点,是红外窗口增透保护膜的优选,但现有方法制备的类金刚石膜难以满足高马赫数或海上盐雾等恶劣条件下的应用。激光法相比其他制备方法具有诸多优点,介绍了激光法制备DLC膜的原理及特点,并分析了实现工程应用的难题及关键技术。采用激光沉积法制备出综合性能优异的类金刚石膜,纳米硬度高达44 GPa、内应力仅0.8 GPa、临界刮擦载荷附着力为59.1 mN。正面镀DLC膜,背面镀普通增透膜的硫化锌、硅、锗等红外窗口的平均透射率达82%~91%。实现了150 mm基片的激光法大尺寸均匀薄膜,膜厚不均匀性≤±2%。制备的DLC膜红外窗口通过军标环境适应性试验,并已实现工程化应用。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.