316L不锈钢在吸收式热泵中耐蚀性能的研究

通过电化学动电位扫描技术,采用正交试验法,研究了溴化锂(LiBr)吸收式热泵用管材316L不锈钢在热网水中的耐蚀性,建立了316L点蚀电位关于热网水温度、Cl-浓度和p H值三因素数学模型。通过腐蚀失重和电化学极化法进行了316L不锈钢在吸收器LiBr溶液中的点蚀性能研究。结果表明:温度与Cl-浓度对316L点蚀电位影响负相关,而p H值对其影响正相关,且各因素影响的显著程度为p H值温度Cl-浓度。吸收器条件下316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率仅为0.78μm/a,其表面点蚀坑多但较浅,且分布较均匀;但是316L点蚀电位Eb低于其氧平衡电位φ较多,点蚀仍可能发生。     

H2S对316L不锈钢含Cl-环境下点蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀模拟试验和电化学测试,研究了H2S分压对316L不锈钢在含Cl-条件下的点蚀行为。模拟试验结果表明,随H2S分压的升高,316L不锈钢试样表面钝化膜局部出现破损,点蚀电位及钝化膜电阻均明显下降,点蚀敏感性提高。H2S分压增至100kPa时,样品表面可以观察到明显点蚀形核,与无H2S条件相比,膜电阻显著减小,难以维持良好的钝化状态。     

奥氏体不锈钢AISI 316L腐蚀试验研究

在精对苯二甲酸(PTA)生产中,选取干燥机BM302壳体常用材料奥氏体不锈钢AIS316L为研究对象,在醋酸环境中,对AISI 316L受Br-及Cl-作用的电化学极化试验和电化学阻抗试验进行腐蚀性试验研究。试验结果表明,Br-或Cl-浓度的增加都会导致AISI 316L不锈钢腐蚀速率增加、击穿电位降低、腐蚀反应电阻减小,导致其耐腐蚀性能下降,腐蚀加剧。为PTA设备腐蚀的现场监测和设备维护提供参考依据。     

Cl~-浓度对316L不锈钢在碱性NaCl/Na_2S溶液中SCC行为的影响

采用动电位极化曲线、EIS、SSRT和U形弯试样浸泡实验研究了Cl~-浓度对316L不锈钢在碱性Na Cl/Na2S溶液中SCC行为的影响。结果表明,316L不锈钢在碱性Na Cl/Na2S环境中表现出一定的应力腐蚀敏感性,Cl~-与S2-对316L不锈钢腐蚀过程存在竞争作用,导致电化学阻抗出现极值。随着Cl~-浓度增大,氢致韧性作用能够在一定程度上增大316L不锈钢的延伸率,降低塑性损失,但对其断裂应力影响不大。     

加氢装置脱H_2S汽提塔塔顶系统的腐蚀评价及选材

模拟脱H2S汽提塔塔顶系统现场工况,采用浸泡腐蚀挂片、恒电位阳极极化法、U型弯曲应力腐蚀等方法对20号钢、304L、321、316L及2205不锈钢在湿硫化氢环境中的均匀腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性进行了研究,并利用体视显微镜和SEM对金属试样的微观腐蚀形貌进行了观察。结果表明:20号钢耐蚀性较差,易在低温下发生氢鼓泡,奥氏体不锈钢304L、321、316L及双相不锈钢2205的腐蚀速率较小,耐蚀性好,其中304L和321不锈钢耐点蚀性能稍差,表面出现了轻微点蚀造成的蜂窝状的局部腐蚀;H2S的存在明显提高了奥氏体不锈钢在Cl-环境中的点蚀敏感性;304L、321及316L不锈钢焊接试样均具有较好的耐应力腐蚀开裂性能。     

饱和H_2S对316L不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响

利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS),结合电化学噪声(EN)技术研究了316L不锈钢在80℃H_2S-HCl-H_2O环境下的腐蚀电化学行为,利用散粒噪声理论并结合统计方法分析了其腐蚀过程及其腐蚀发展趋势。结果表明,饱和H_2S的存在使316L不锈钢的钝化区消失,加速了腐蚀;使钢腐蚀的频率加大,且更容易产生严重的腐蚀。     

316L 不锈钢在高 pH 碱性硫化物环境中的应力腐蚀行为

目的研究316L不锈钢在碱性硫化物溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,为其在碱性环境中的适用性提供参考依据。方法采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗(EIS)测量技术、慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)、U形弯试样浸泡试验以及SEM腐蚀形貌分析方法。结果 316L不锈钢试样在碱性硫化物溶液中具有较低的应力腐蚀(SCC)敏感性,腐蚀机理主要为阳极溶解型,且SCC敏感性随着p H升高而降低。结论316L不锈钢试样在碱性Na Cl/Na2S溶液中虽然表现出应力腐蚀特征,但敏感性较低,适用于该实验模拟的碱性溶液中。     

316L不锈钢应力腐蚀慢应变速率拉伸试验

就316L不锈钢在不同腐蚀环境下的慢拉伸力学性能进行了试验研究。所有试验在恒定应变速率2.4×10-7/s和恒定温度80℃条件下进行,高压釜中为5%Na Cl水溶液,并分别充入CO2和H2S气体。通过改变Cl-的浓度研究Cl-在慢拉伸试验条件下对316L不锈钢的力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,Cl-对316L不锈钢的拉伸力学性能有明显影响,随着Cl-浓度的增加,316L不锈钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低;即Cl-可能是导致316L不锈钢慢拉伸应力腐蚀的关键因素。对316L不锈钢慢拉伸样品断口的SEM微观分析表明,在Cl-的作用下其断裂特性由韧性断裂逐渐转变为脆性断裂,即断口形貌在无Cl-和Cl-浓度较低时有明显的韧窝,为穿晶断裂;而随着Cl-浓度增加,断口形貌为解理性断裂,为沿晶断裂。     

聚苯胺膜/不锈钢复合双极板的耐蚀性和导电性

目的在316L不锈钢(SS)表面沉积聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜,制备PANI/316L SS复合材料双极板,提高316LSS在质子交换膜燃料电池工作环境下的耐腐蚀性能和导电性能。方法采用循环伏安法,在0.1 mol/L苯胺单体与0.2 mol/L H2SO4组成的水溶液中,在316L SS基体上电化学聚合PANI薄膜。采用SEM观察表面形貌,采用FTIR和Raman分析PANI官能团结构,采用XPS分析PANI膜中元素组成和化学键合状态。采用开路电位(OCP)、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究PANI/316L SS腐蚀性能。采用四探针技术研究PANI膜的导电性。结果 SEM观察显示PANI膜为纤维状堆积物。红外光谱发现苯环、醌环和S==O伸缩振动,拉曼光谱发现掺杂态的半醌自由基C—N+·,确定合成的PANI具有中间氧化态结构。XPS分析表明,聚合过程发生了质子酸掺杂,"对阴离子"(SO42-)进入PANI分子链中,掺杂度为3%～4%。电化学测试表明,PANI/316L SS的OCP为0.15～0.25 V,PANI使316L SS腐蚀倾向降低,随着Cl-浓度的升高,腐蚀电流密度增大。结论在酸性含Cl-介质中,PANI/316L SS体系耐蚀性好,膜/基界面处保护性氧化膜Fe2O3和Cr2O3的形成,使PANI/316L SS体系耐腐蚀性能提高。在制备条件下,PANI膜厚度介于146～315μm之间,电导率范围为1.33～8.91 S/cm。     

316L与2205不锈钢在硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用浸泡、动电位极化等方法研究了316L与2205不锈钢在5%H2SO4溶液中的化学与电化学腐蚀行为,探索两种材料在的稀硫酸溶液中的腐蚀敏感性和耐蚀性。结果表明:在化学腐蚀过程中,316L不锈钢表面出现一些点蚀坑,而2205不锈钢的表面平整光滑,无腐蚀现象发生,2205不锈钢的腐蚀速率约为316L不锈钢的1/10;在电化学腐蚀过程中,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速度与腐蚀倾向大于2205不锈钢。在相同条件下,2205双相不锈钢表现出更好的耐蚀性。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Structural analysis of sputtered (W-C)1−xMx (MFe, Co) films with 0x0.20

Structural characterization of (W-C)_1-xM_x (MFe, Co) films with 0x0.20 was carried out using electron probe microanal ysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy-electron diffraction (TEM-ED). The results showed that the structure of these films depends on the percentage of iron and cobalt and becomes amorphous with increasing content of these elements. The microstructure of the crystalline coatings was found to be composed of small grains of β-WC_1-x with a high number of defects. A strong β-WC_1-x[311] texture was observed for iron and cobalt contents around 5.5 at.%. The films richer in iron and cobalt showed typical amorphous XRD and ED patterns, exhibiting two broad peaks and two wide diffuse rings respectively. Moreover, bright-field analysis revealed fairly contrasted images, the structure of these films being difficult to resolve.