纳米CuO的沉淀转化法制备与表征

采用沉淀转化法制备CuO的前驱体Cu（OH）2，对纳米CuO微晶的不同热分解条件下的样品进行了x射线衍射（XRD）实验研究。结合所获得的晶粒度和XRD微结构参数，发现纳米晶CuO的晶粒组元中存在着晶格畸变；随着温度的升高，纳米CuO晶粒长大且其微结构呈现出明显的变化，其晶格畸变与晶粒度有着比较密切的关系。     

银钠米晶微结构的尺寸效应

对银纳米晶的系列样品进行了XRD微结构实验研究和计算。结合所得到的晶粒度和微结构参数发现纳米银晶粒组元中存在着晶格畸变；随着晶粒尺寸的变化，银钠米晶的微结构呈现出明显的变化，其晶格畸变与晶粒度有着比较密切的关系。     

银钠米晶微结构的尺寸效应

对银纳米晶的系列样品进行了ＸＲＤ微结构实验研究和计算。结合所得到的晶粒度和微结构参数发现纳米银晶粒组元中存在着晶格畸变；随着晶粒尺寸的变化，银纳米晶的微结构呈现出明显的变化，其晶格畸变与晶粒度有着比较密切的关系。     

纳米MgO微晶的热分析特性和晶格畸变

对纳米ＭｇＯ微晶的系列样品进行了差热分析测量和Ｘ射线衍射实验研究。结合所获得的晶粒度和ＸＲＤ微结构参数，发现纳米晶ＭｇＯ的晶粒组元中存在着晶格畸变；随着温度的升高，纳米ＭｇＯ晶粒篚且其微结构呈现出明显的变化，其晶格畸变与晶粒度有着比密切的关系。     

纳米晶体Fe2O3点阵参量的研究

对γ相和α相纳米晶体Fe_2O_3的系列样品进行了X射线衍射点阵参量实验研究和计算。结合所得到的晶粒度和微结构参数，发现纳米晶体Fe_2O_3的晶粒组元中存在着晶格畸变；随着温度的升高，γ相和α相纳米晶体Fe_2O_3的点阵参量呈现出了明显的变化，其晶格畸变与晶粒度和温度有较密切的关联。     

纳米晶体Fe2O3点阵参量的研究

对γ相和α相纳米晶体Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的系列样品进行了Ｘ射线衍射点阵参量实验研究和计算。结合所得到的晶粒度和微结构参数，发现纳米晶体Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的晶粒组元中存在着晶格畸变；随着温度的升高，γ和α相纳米晶体Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的点阵参量呈现出了明显的变化，其晶格畸变与晶粒度和温度有较密切的关联。     

纳米锐钛矿相二氧化钛中的晶格畸变

借助精确的X射线衍射(XRD)测量,对不同晶粒度纳米锐钛矿相二氧化钛(n-A-TiO2)样品的晶粒微结构进行了细致研究,给出了标明晶面指数(hkl)和晶面间距dhkl值的系列XRD谱,并得到了晶面间距、晶格常数、轴比、晶胞体积等参数数值及其相对常规粗晶的变化情况,从而初步揭示出该样品晶粒微结构的尺寸效应.作者首次发现,纳米锐钛矿相二氧化钛样品中存在着非单调的备向异性晶格畸变.     

纳米粒子晶格畸变率的数量级研究

晶格畸变率是纳米粒子的一个重要参数。用X射线衍射积分宽度法确定了纳米CeO2粒子的晶格畸变率，研究了晶格畸变与晶粒度之间的关系，结合已有资料讨论了纳米粒子晶格畸变率的数量级大小。结果表明，不合理的计算方法可能导致计算出来的晶格畸变值严重失实。     

锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶体的微结构尺寸效应

对制备条件相同、晶粒度不同的锐钛矿ＴｉＯ２纳米晶体（ｎ－Ａ－ＴｉＯ２）样品之晶粒微结构进行了细致的Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）研究，给出了标明晶面指数（ｈｋｌ）和晶面间距（ｄｈｋｌ）值的系列ＸＲＤ谱，并得到了晶面间距、晶格常数、轴比、晶胞体积等参数数值及其相对常规粗晶的变化情况，从而初步揭示出该样品晶粒微结构随粒度的变化情况。发现了锐钛矿ＴｉＯ２纳米晶体样品中存在着单调的各向异性微结构尺寸效应。     

锐钛矿TiO2纳米晶体的微结构尺寸效应

对制备条件相同、晶粒度不同的锐钛矿TiO2 纳米晶体 (n A TiO2 )样品之晶粒微结构进行了细致的X射线衍射(XRD)研究 ,给出了标明晶面指数 (hkl)和晶面间距 (dhkl)值的系列XRD谱 ,并得到了晶面间距、晶格常数、轴比、晶胞体积等参数数值及其相对常规粗晶的变化情况 ,从而初步揭示出该样品晶粒微结构随粒度的变化情况。发现了锐钛矿TiO2 纳米晶体样品中存在着单调的各向异性微结构尺寸效应     

Effect of stabilizer on optical and structural properties of MgO thin films prepared by sol–gel method

The effects of monoethanolamine (MEA) and acetylacetone (ACAC) addition as stabilizer on the crystallization behaviour, morphology and optical properties of magnesium oxide were investigated using thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible, photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Stabilizer addition reduces transparency of the films. MgO films prepared at 500 °C showed weak orientation of (200). However, the films prepared by addition of stabilizer are amorphous. MgO powders were prepared for exhibiting the structural properties. The patterns of MgO powders showed a preferred orientation of (200). The addition of stabilizer causes a reduction in grain size. SEM micrographs show that a homogenous and crack-free film can be prepared at 500 °C and addition of stabilizer causes an increase in packing density.     

Influence of Fabrication Parameters on Crystallization, Microstructure, Surface Composition, and Optical Behavior of MgO Thin Films Deposited by rf Magnetron Sputtering

In this work MgO thin films have been grown onto common glass substrates by magnetron rf sputtering from a MgO (99.99%) target with dimensions of 4″×¼″. Basically, we found the optimum conditions for deposition such as working pressure (7×10^?3 mbar), the power applied to the target (400 W) and the flow of Ar (20 sccm). The films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at a grazing angle at θ–2θ configuration, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmittance studies. The XRD results show that to reproduce the polycrystalline phase of the target, there is a power threshold of 250 W. AFM results indicate that the films present average roughness of the 200 Å and grain size of 1100 Å. XPS shows a surface composition of the films most external 5 nm, indicating the presence of MgO and Mg(OH)₂. The optical characterization indicates that the films have a high absorption coefficient for wavelengths below 310 nm, and between 450 to 850 nm they showed a transmittance average of 90%.     

沉积气压对电弧离子镀制备MgO薄膜的结构及性能的影响

采用阴极真空电弧离子沉积技术在玻璃及Si衬底上成功地制备了具有择优结晶取向的透明MgO薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及紫外-可见吸收光谱仪分别对MgO薄膜微观结构、表面形貌及可见光透过率进行了测试与分析。XRD结果表明,所制备的MgO薄膜具有NaCl型立方结构的（100）、（110）和（111）3种结晶取向,在沉积气压为0.7～3.0Pa的范围内,薄膜的择优结晶取向随沉积气压的升高先由（100）转变为（110）,最后变为（111）。SEM图表明随着沉积气压的升高,MgO薄膜的晶粒逐渐变小,薄膜结晶质量变差。在380～900nm范围内,沉积气压为0.7Pa下制备的MgO薄膜其可见光透过率高于90%,随着沉积气压的升高,薄膜的可见光透过率有所下降。     

N、Fe双掺杂的纳米TiO2制备及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N、Fe双掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化材料.借助XRD、XPS对制备的光催化材料进行表征,并通过晶粒尺寸、晶粒比表面积和晶格畸变率等的分析,研究了N、Fe双掺杂对TiO2性能的影响.研究结果表明,N、Fe双掺杂抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,明显延缓了TiO2相的转移;N、Fe双掺杂可明显减小晶...     

Preparation of MgO-doped mullite by sol-gel method,powder characteristics and sintering

Mullite doped with MgO in quantities ranging from 0.01 to 1.5 wt% were prepared by the sol-gel method. The mullitization temperature decreases with increased MgO dopant content. The XRD patterns of the MgO-doped mullite calcined at temperatures up to 1600° C for durations ranging from 1 to 10 h did not show the presence of any other phase except mullite. The IR spectrum shows a broadening of the Al-O absorbance band at 1175cm^–1 with MgO content, indicating the solid solution of MgO. Sintering temperature decreases with increased MgO dopant content. The microstructure observed consisted of equiaxed grains. The TEM observation of the microstructure showed the presence of glassy pockets at the triple grain junctions. The thermal coefficient of expansion and dielectric constant were not changed up to 0.75wt% MgO dopant concentration. The three-point bend strength observed for 0.3wt% MgO-doped mullite at room temperature was 300 MPa and decreased below 200 MPa at 1400° C.     

退火处理对MgO薄膜性能的影响

采用磁控溅射法在石英衬底上制备了MgO薄膜并分别在不同温度下进行退火处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了MgO薄膜的结构和表面形貌随退火温度的变化,发现退火可以改善薄膜的结晶质量,即随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,结晶性能更佳,表面更加平整。此外,通过紫外-可见光分光光度计研究了MgO薄膜光学特性的变化,发现随着薄膜退火温度的升高,可见光透射率下降,光学带隙值逐渐减小。     

Suppressive effect of magnesium oxide materials on cadmium accumulation in winter wheat grain cultivated in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field under annual rice–wheat rotational cultivation

The effectiveness of two kinds of magnesium oxide (MgO) materials, commercial MgO (2250 kg ha⁻¹) and a material derived from MgO and magnesium silicate minerals named ‘MgO-SH-A’ (2250 and 4500 kg ha⁻¹1), in suppression of uptake and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) into grain of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Ayahikari) was examined in a Cd-contaminated alluvial paddy field under annual rice–wheat rotational system. The MgO materials were mixed into the plough-layer soil only once prior to the preceding rice cultivation. Cadmium concentration in wheat grain produced from the non-amendment control exceeded the maximum limit of Cd in wheat grain adopted by FAO/WHO (0.2 mg kg⁻¹). All of the treatments with the MgO materials significantly lowered plant available Cd fraction in the plough-layer soil. However, only the treatment with the commercial MgO at 2250 kg ha⁻¹ produced wheat grain whose Cd concentration was not only significantly lower than that from the control but also less than 0.2 mg kg⁻¹. It is suggested that the significant suppressive effect of the commercial MgO on Cd accumulation in wheat grain would be mainly attributed to its high soil neutralizing capacity as compared to that of MgO-SH-A.     

纳米TiO2粉晶的XRD研究

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了纳米ＴｉＯ２粉晶,对不同温度自理的系列粉末用Ｘ射线衍射进行了研究,发现所得粉晶随热处理温度的不同发生了从锐钛矿到金红石相的转变。对系列粉晶进行了Ｘ射线衍射点阵参量计算,结合所得的晶粒度和微结构参数,发现纳米ＴｉＯ２粉晶组元中存在着晶格畸变。     

Magnetic Properties of Percolated Perpendicular FePt–MgO Films

Percolated perpendicular FePt-MgO films with a (Fe₄₈ Pt ₅₂)_100-x-(MgO)_x/Pt(001)/Cr(002) structure were prepared by conventional dc magnetron sputtering (x=0-6.13). Magnetic measurements demonstrate that the coercivity of the magnetic film drastically increases from 169 to 285 kA/m as the MgO content is increased from 0 to 0.15 vol.%. However, the grain sizes of the FePt phase do not significantly varying upon doping with MgO. MgO does not appear at the grain boundaries of the FePt phase, but is present as crystalline dots that are uniformly precipitated in the FePt matrix. The MFM images revealed that the domain structure transformed from extending to isolate when the MgO dots precipitated into the FePt grains. Consequently, the MgO dots serve as pinning sites of the domain wall and enhance perpendicular coercivity. Percolated perpendicular magnetic recording is thus regarded as a solution to the problem of thermal instability in ultrasmall grains     

新型溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米MgO薄膜的研究

以硝酸镁为起始原料,胶棉液为添加剂,在Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上成功地制备ＭｇＯ薄膜,结果表明,胶棉液是形成ＭｇＯ溶胶的关键组份;薄膜的晶体结构与胶棉液的含量及退火温度有关．同时,用Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）对薄膜的微观结构进行了分析．