武钢第二炼钢厂含铌钢连铸坯表面质量的改进

介绍了武钢第二炼钢厂含铌钢连铸坯表面裂纹的特征和产生的原因分析以及防止表面裂纹的措施.减少钢水中As、P、S的含量、采用镀镍层结晶器、结晶器液面自动控制、调整一冷和二冷制度以及选用合适的保护渣,基本消除了含铌微合金化钢的表面裂纹.     

低碳含铌微合金钢板表面微裂纹的控制

根据低碳含铌钢表面微裂纹形成的机理原因,分析出裂纹形成的主要影响因素,从而采取对应措施,有效控制了微裂纹的发生率.     

12Cr1MoV钢轧材表面裂纹控制技术的研究与应用

针对12Cr1MoV钢在生产过程中出现不同程度的表面裂纹,采用金相显微镜以及扫描电镜检测确认,轧材裂纹是由铸坯裂纹导致。对裂纹的形成原因进行了分析,得出钢水洁净度,钢水氮含量以及结晶器保护渣是导致铸坯裂纹的主要原因,通过控制电弧炉终点碳、优化精炼渣系以及钙化处理脱氧产物提升钢水洁净度,控制圆坯表面氮化物析出,保证钢中N含量0.007%,同时使用管坯钢保护渣,使得12Cr1MoV钢表面裂纹缺陷率由1.6%下降到0.3%。     

12CrlMoV钢轧材表面裂纹控制技术的研究与应用

针对12Cr1MoV钢在生产过程中出现不同程度的表面裂纹,采用金相显微镜以及扫描电镜检测确认,轧材裂纹是由铸坯裂纹导致。对裂纹的形成原因进行了分析,得出钢水洁净度,钢水氮含量以及结晶器保护渣是导致铸坯裂纹的主要原因,通过控制电弧炉终点碳、优化精炼渣系以及钙化处理脱氧产物提升钢水洁净度,控制圆坯表面氮化物析出,保证钢中N含量 < 0.007%,同时使用管坯钢保护渣,使得12Cr1MoV钢表面裂纹缺陷率由1.6%下降到0.3%。     

高强钢表面裂纹产生原因分析与控制

对济钢新开发的高强钢中厚板出现的表面裂纹进行了系统的分析,高强钢裂纹主要表现为小纵裂、星形或网状裂纹。扫描电镜分析表明,高强钢裂纹处存在较多的O、Ca、Mg、Na、Cu等元素,钢水碳含量、连铸工序、加热时间等是高强钢产生裂纹的主要原因。采取严格控制钢水碳含量、优化连铸工艺和加热工艺等技术措施后,使高强钢中厚板表面裂纹大幅度减少。     

45#金属表面带状裂纹成因分析及措施

通过裂纹形貌,裂纹截面轮廓、连铸低倍观察及成分含量分析等方法,对45#钢表面带状裂纹进行分析,结果表面:钢水气体含量偏高形成的皮下气泡、C、P偏析形成的偏析带及连铸低倍存在微裂纹及夹杂是产生表面带状裂纹的主要原因。     

含硼钢板坯表面纵裂原因分析及控制措施

含硼钢是目前应用比较广泛的一种钢种,其优点是增加钢的淬透性,提高钢材的高温强度,从而节约其他合金,但是含硼钢板坯易产生表面纵裂纹,为控制含硼钢板坯表面纵裂纹的产生,从钢水脱氧工艺、钢中硼含量、连铸工艺等方面进行了研究,找出了板坯表面纵裂纹的影响因素,通过采取相应的工艺措施,降低了含硼钢板坯表面纵裂纹比率。     

炼钢生产过程中增氮分析与控制

控制钢种氮含量,对提高铸坯质量很关键。中厚板卷厂炼钢过程各环节钢水氮含量检测统计显示,连铸机浇注过程是钢水增氮的主要环节,而且氮含量高的炉次铸坯的横裂纹、碎裂纹检出率较高。通过分析钢液中氮的行为,加强连铸保护浇铸的控制手段,将终点氮含量控制在50 ppm以内。     

连铸圆坯表面网状裂纹特征分析与控制

采用酸浸低倍检测、电子显微镜、电子探针等手段对圆坯表面网状裂纹特征和形成原因进行了分析。研究发现圆坯表面网状裂纹沿粗大奥氏体晶界呈网状分布，存在明显脱碳现象，裂纹内富集As元素。分析表明圆坯表面网状裂纹的形成原因是钢中As元素含量高导致的奥氏体晶界As元素富集和过热度高导致的奥氏体晶粒粗大。据此进行了控制圆坯表面网状裂纹的工艺优化措施，控制钢中As元素质量分数在0.008%以内、控制钢水过热度在20～35℃、降低结晶器保护渣熔点并提高黏度，取得了显著效果。     

含铌钢HRB400Nb 180 mm x 180 mm铸坯角部裂纹分析及改进工艺

通过对含铌钢HRB400Nb 180 mm×180 mm连铸坯产生的角部裂纹进行研究分析,结果表明,由于连铸冷却工艺、钢水氮含量和结晶器保护渣工艺控制不当易导致含铌钢铸坯角部沿晶开裂。通过工艺改进钢液氮含量由原（67～98）×10^-6降至（40～55）×10^-6,结晶器角部圆弧半径由8 mm调整为12 mm,结晶器冷却水量由150m³/h降至120m³/h,二冷比水量由1.35 L/kg降至1.1L/kg,二冷分配比由26:48:17:9调整为36:34:19:11,保护渣碱度由0.65调整为0.82、粘度由1.3 pa·s调整为0.69 pa·s、熔点由1260℃调整为1150℃等,有效解决了铸坯表面角部裂纹缺陷,保证了轧材的产品质量。     

低碳硼钢表面缺陷的形成原因与改进措施简

 研究了低碳硼钢连铸坯表面和角部凹坑和裂纹的形成原因。对样品进行了金相组织观察、扫描电子显微镜(能谱分析)、Gleeble-3800热模拟试验、THERMO-CALC软件计算和X射线衍射分析,结果表明,连铸坯表面凹坑缺陷与结晶器保护渣性能有关,表面和角部裂纹是由于二冷矫直区铸坯温度位于该钢种的脆性温度区间以及钢水中BN的析出所致。通过降低钢水含氮量、适当提高热矫温度和调整结晶器保护渣性能等工艺措施,明显减少了低碳硼钢表面缺陷。     

Effect of Niobium on Transformations From Austenite to Ferrite in Low Carbon Steels

Niobium has an important effect on the transformation behaviour,grain size refinement and precipitation strengthening during hot rolling and subsequent cooling in low carbon steels,with even a low content of niobium having a strong effect on the transformation rate from austenite to ferrite.However,the effects of niobium on transformation behaviour have not been fully characterised and understood to date.This paper examines in detail austenite grain growth as a function of austenitisation time in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with three different niobium contents,together with the effect of niobium on the isothermal transformation kinetics from austenite to ferrite as a function of temperature.It is shown that austenite has the slowest grain growth rate in the steel with the highest niobium content.When austenite grain sizes are consistent,the steel with the highest niobium content was found to have the slowest transformation rate from austenite to ferrite.     

The mass transfer kinetics of niobium solution into liquid steel

Niobium cylinders were immersed into liquid steel and their mass-transfer rates measured under dynamic conditions. The cylinders were suspended from a load cell, and the apparent weight of the cylinder as well as temperatures at various locations in the immersed specimens were measured continuously during immersion and recorded with a data acquisition system. From the weight measurements, the mass-transfer rate was deduced. A steel shell period and free dissolution period were identified. During the steel shell period, a shell of frozen steel wraps the cylinder following its initial immersion. When niobium cylinders were immersed into liquid steel with low superheat, a reaction was detected at the steel shell/niobium interface. This reaction took place during the later stages of the steel shell period. The intermetallic compounds Fe₂Nb and Fe₂Nb₃ were identified as reaction products. The mass transfer which takes place during the free dissolution period was found to be exothermic, and the rate-controlling step was found to be liquid phase diffusion through a mass-boundary layer. The apparent activation energy was estimated to be 172 (±15) kJ/mol. This uncommonly high value of apparent activation energy is best explained on the basis of the macroexothermic reaction which takes place as niobium dissolves into liquid steel. Formerly Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Toronto     

Niobium in Engineering Steels for Automotive Applications

In the last decade, the European niobium consumption in automotive strip and sheet has more than tripled. The development of high strength and advanced high strength steel grades for strip and plate products focused upon constantly increasing strength levels combined with excellent fatigue properties as well as formability and weldability. Until now, the high potential of microalloyed steel has not been used to the same extent in forgings and springs. This paper reviews automotive components as transmissions, suspensions and springs highlighting new material solutions for special steels having optimized processing and in‐use properties. Special consideration is given to the metallurgical background as well as to examples for the processing and application of niobium microalloyed steel in forgings and springs from low carbon and higher carbon containing steels. Niobium metallurgy permits the reduction of carbon to meet more stringent end‐user requirements demanding high strength combined with improved toughness, fatigue strength and weldability at a competitive manufacturing cost.     

含铌低合金钢的生产控制

介绍了铌元素的作用和行为及在常见钢种中的作用，结合舍铌低合金钢的生产控制，分析出造成舍铌低合金钢连铸坯表面产生横裂纹的主要原因，并采取相应的技术措施，提高铸坯表面质量。     

Fatigue crack initiation and propagation in a quenched and tempered niobium bearing HSLA steel

The fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior of a niobium bearing HSLA steel heat treated to give two tempered martensitic microstructures presumably with and without fine niobium carbides has been studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and strain gage measurements of plastic zone deformation. The high cycle, stress controlled fatigue life of the steel in both heat treated conditions was quite similar with the steel presumably containing the fine niobium carbides having slightly better resistance at low stress amplitudes. This slightly better high cycle resistance is associated with better resistance to fatigue crack initiation for this heat treatment. The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the steel was the opposite. The steel presumably containing the fine niobium carbides exhibited a much faster fatigue crack growth rate than that without them. The difference in growth rates is explained in terms of the plastic work expended during the propagation of the fatigue crack.     

铌和稀土对厚规格轮辐钢板组织和性能的影响

 通过对汽车轮辐用钢板的铌和稀土微合金化试验和生产实践,分析了铌、稀土元素对汽车车轮用钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明：铌微合金化可以细化晶粒;钢中加入稀土,可改变夹杂物形状和尺寸,铌、稀土可以提高钢材的综合性能,尤其是提高了钢板的耐疲劳性能。     

Nb微合金化汽车用TWIP钢的研究进展

汽车是日常生活中主要交通工具之一,其用钢质量的优劣直接关系到汽车本身及乘坐人员的安全,因此研发高性能汽车用钢至关重要。微合金化是有效改善汽车用钢性能的手段之一,微合金元素铌可细化晶粒,提高材料的强韧性及氢致延迟断裂性能,备受研究者的青睐。总结了微合金元素铌对汽车用TWIP钢组织的影响,综述了铌对汽车TWIP钢力学性能、耐磨性能及抗氢致延迟断裂性能等的作用及相应机制,并提出了现阶段铌微合金化汽车用TWIP钢研究过程中存在的问题,为后续低成本、高效地发挥铌元素在高强度汽车钢中的应用提供参考依据。     

The key technologies of controlling low carbon steel as-cast strip surface quality

This article is try to explain or analyze the key technologies of controlling the surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip through investigation of interface heat transfer between solidified shell and liquid steel.The one of the key technologies of controlling surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip is through the casting roll surface texture in order to achieve the homogeneous solidification on the casting roll.Another is through forming a thin film on the casting roll surface in order to achieve a balance between rapid solidification and homogeneous solidification.This film formed between the twin roll and the molten steel can be controlled by adjusting the chemical composition and inclusion in liquid steel through controlling the amount of all[O]and free[O].     

微合金钢薄板坯连铸边角裂纹控制

微合金钢薄板坯连铸过程高发边角部裂纹,致使热轧卷板边部产生翘皮、烂边等质量缺陷,是钢铁行业的共性技术难题。本文立足于某钢厂QStE380TM低碳含铌钛微合金钢薄板坯连铸生产,检测分析了铸坯角部组织金相结构与碳氮化物析出特点、不同冷却与变形速率条件下钢的断面收缩率,并数值仿真研究了不同结构结晶器和二冷区铸坯温度与应力的演变规律。结果表明:微合金钢薄板坯连铸过程存在明显的第三脆性区,且变形速率越大,第三脆性区越显著。传统薄板坯连铸工艺条件下,结晶器的中上部及其出口至液芯压下段的二冷高温区,铸坯角部冷速较低,致使其组织晶界含铌钛微合金碳氮化物呈链状析出。铸坯在液芯压下过程,低塑性角部因受较大变形与应力作用而引发裂纹缺陷。实施沿高度方向有效补偿坯壳凝固收缩的窄面高斯凹型曲面结晶器及其足辊区超强冷工艺,可分别提升铸坯角部冷速至10和20 ℃·s?1以上,从而促使铸坯角部组织碳氮化物弥散析出,并促进铸坯窄面在液芯压下过程金属宽展流动而降低角部压下应力,大幅降低了微合金钢薄板坯边角部裂纹发生率。