太阳能与常规能源复合空调/热泵系统在别墅建筑中的应用研究

为实现太阳能在绿色节能建筑中的应用，根据别墅建筑特点，结合溴化锂吸收式制冷／热泵系统的特点，提出太阳能与常规能源复合的空调／热泵系统。系统内采用了潜能储存和常规莆能综合技术，提高了系统的蓄能密度，并解决了吸收式热泵系统运行必须有16℃以上热源的问题。系统可为别墅建筑提供夏季空调，冬季采暖以及全年的卫生用水。建立了太阳能综合系统运行特性分析的计算模型，并以北京、西安、兰州三处太阳能较为丰富的地区为例，结合气候条件对系统运行特性进行了计算分析，给出了系统内能量分配与平衡的关系，并对系统运行作了简要的经济性评价。     

绿色建筑中的空调应用技术

论述现阶段自然能源在绿色建筑的空调系统中的应用。其中，吸收式与吸附式制冷技术是可以利用太阳能与地热的主要空调技术，提高系统性能是目前重要的研究方向；而风能与生物能，现阶段还不能直接应用于空调系统。     

一种太阳能热辅助溴化锂吸收式制冷机组空调系统的应用研究

为了利用"太阳能+"多能互补清洁供热项目夏季产生的热量,设计增加了一套可提供工业用低压蒸汽的系统和一套太阳能热辅助溴化锂吸收式制冷机组空调系统,可同时实现夏季制冷和生产蒸汽;监测了四个典型天气条件下太阳能热辅助溴化锂吸收式制冷机组空调系统的运行数据;提出了太阳能贡献率、节煤量、CO_2减排量的计算方法。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术在制冷空调装置中的应用

随着能源和环境问题与社会经济发展的矛盾日益突出，开发出无CFCs问题的制冷方式、采用可再生能源为动力的制冷空调装置已越来越引起人们的重视。本文介绍了太阳能固体吸附技术的工作原理，分析了太阳能固体吸附制冷技术在制冷空调装置应用的现状、存在的问题及解决的措施，提出应大力推广太阳能固体吸附技术在制冷空调装置中的应用。     

可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用

针对目前压缩式制冷技术带来的能源短缺和环境污染问题，介绍了几种可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用技术，如地道风供冷、地源热泵系统、太阳能空调制冷，分析了可再生能源用于空调制冷的特点及发展现状，并对其应用前景做了展望。     

太阳能吸收式空调性能优化分析

分析影响太阳能两级吸收式空调系统的整体性能的主要因素：集热器进出口热水的温度、各设备中溴化锂溶液的浓度与压力。根据两级吸收式循环的特点，可以运用溶液混合观点构造新型高效的太阳能吸收式制冷空调。运用仿真程序得出了太阳能两级吸收式空调在集热器出口温度在77．5℃左右时可以得到最大的整体效率，为太阳能空调系统的优化奠定了理论基础。     

太阳能与天然气综合供热的小型吸收式制冷机在别墅建筑的应用

本文通过对一别墅建筑用小型太阳能及天然气为热源的单效吸收式空调系统的组成分析和吸收式制冷机组模型的热力计算,为太阳能在别墅建筑的推广应用提供一个理论模式.     

漫谈太阳能制冷与空调

太阳能取之不竭，用之不尽，对坏境没有污染，是一种最有前途的能源。如今，人们正在考虑利用太阳能制冷，因为在夏季太阳能最丰富的时候，也是人们最需要空调制冷的时候。利用太阳能对房间进行温度调节，首先要解决如何用太阳能制冷的问题。目前，用太阳能制冷主要有三种方法：一是吸收式制冷，即利用太阳辐射热能驱动溴化锂水溶液或氨水溶液的吸收式制冷系统：二是利用太阳能加热通过集热器内的低沸点工质，经汽化后通入汽轮机驱动制冷机制冷.[第一段]     

太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷装置工作过程模拟

以太阳能驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷实验装置为对象，应用MCGS组态软件建立了实验装置的工艺流程，建立了太阳能驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷装置仿真计算模型，应用VB编制了仿真计算程序。通过OLE自动化技术将VB和MCGS连接，把在VB中计算的运转参数和热工性能指标传送给MCGS用户界面，在MCGS工程中实时地显示溴化锂吸收式制冷热泵装置的工作参数和性能指标。在装置实验条件下得到较好的仿真结果。     

太阳能在空调制冷系统中的研究现状及应用前景

随着空调能耗的日益增大，太阳能在空调制冷领域的应用已成为现代空调制冷技术研究的热点和重要发展方向。本文对近年来太阳能在吸收式、吸附式、喷射式等空调制冷技术等方面的研究进展进行了总结，并分析了其发展前景，认为在提高太阳能制冷技术效率及降低初投资成本后，将在空调制冷领域有广阔的应用前景。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.