基于ARM的含氰电镀废水自动化处理系统设计

以含氰电镀废水为应用对象,并针对现有电镀废水处理系统存在的问题,设计出一种自动化处理系统。该处理系统能够采集电镀废水的pH值和氰离子的质量浓度,并通过智能检测得到电镀废水的体积。控制药品自动、适量添加,与电镀废水发生反应,并实时监测电镀废水指标。待达标后排放,同时发送完成信号至其他控制系统进行后续操作,由此实现电镀废水处理全过程自动化控制。     

基于6LoWPAN的电镀废水自动监测控制系统设计

针对目前电镀行业废水处理系统自动化程度低、难监管、不环保的现状,提出一套基于6LoWPAN的电镀废水自动监测控制系统。本系统基于STM32微控制器建立6LoWPAN传感网络,在传统电镀废水处理系统中配置检测电极及重金属离子传感器,可实时监测电镀废水处理进程并上传数据至服务器,控制器根据当前元素含量及软件设置阈值自动控制安装于加药箱的继电开关,以控制加药量和废水处理进度。此外,管理员可随时登录服务器查看废水处理进度。通过样本测试证明本文提出的系统对电镀废水处理的时效性明显提高。     

自动化电镀废水处理系统的设计

针对汽车零部件电镀生产中所产生的含镍废水,设计了一种自动化电镀废水处理系统。通过对其结构进行了优化,推出其系统结构图,并对系统实施方式进行分析。介绍了该废水处理系统的运行流程和特点。对系统调试中的故障进行了分析和解决。该系统经投入使用后,运行良好,经济效益高。     

广义预测控制算法在电镀废水处理中的应用

针对电镀废水处理系统存在的问题,运用西门子S7-400型PLC与组态软件WinCC,结合广义预测控制算法,设计了一套电镀废水综合处理控制系统。在分析了传统电镀废水处理系统工艺、技术原理和控制方案后,研究了运用广义预测控制算法实现系统软件设计的可行性。将该方案投入实际工程中,整合并取代了原有废水处理系统及相应的分布式智能测控装置,实现了设备升级与改造。系统运行结果验证了该方案的可靠性与经济性。     

基于51单片机的电镀废水处理控制系统设计

设计了电镀废水处理控制系统,本系统采用MCS-51系列单片机为控制核心,完成电镀废水处理控制系统的设计。详细介绍了利用A/D转换芯片TLC2543进行模数转换,三八译码器74HC138与89S51的接口电路设计,对硬件原理图和程序框图作了简洁的描述。     

煤化工废水处理自动化控制研究

煤化工废水是一种典型处理难度高的工业废水,废水量大,水质复杂,现有生化处理系统不稳定,废水预处理效果不理想,出水品质难以达到排放标准,严重影响煤化工行业健康可持续发展。本文以煤化工废水处理自动化控制为研究对象,对煤化工废水当前使用的处理技术及自动化控制进行探究,结合实例进行验证。结果显示,应用自动化控制系统,可实现废水处理温度及酸碱度的自动控制,实现有毒有害气体实时报警;对自动化控制系统进行改进,可有效提升现场仪控设备作业水平,实现有限资源内自动化控制系统能效最大化发挥,实现节能减排,保障企业经济效益。     

基于Smith预估模糊PID的电镀废水处理系统改进

为解决以pH值和ORP为期望的电镀废水处理系统存在的测量误差大和试剂投放精度低等问题,设计带基准校验的pH值和ORP测量模块,应用Smith预估补偿和模糊控制整定PID参数,优化控制试剂投放。模块采用升降电极间歇测量pH值和ORP,避免油污等黏附增大测量误差,带Smith预估补偿的模糊PID能优化电镀废水处理系统的动态性能,实现对电镀废水和所需试剂的精细化管理。仿真与应用效果表明,电镀废水处理系统的动态响应得到明显改善,试剂消耗降低,水污染物排放低于国家标准限值。     

一体化设备在电镀废水处理中的工程应用

结合工程实例,讨论了电镀废水的综合处理方法和原理。结合山东泰开高压开关厂电镀废水处理项目,设计了一套处理电镀废水的一体化设备,铬、氰分别用化学还原法与双氧水氧化法进行预处理,后续流程用碱性沉淀法处理酸碱重金属。该工艺设备少、造价低、效果稳定,耐水质水量冲击能力强,出水水质达标。     

脱硫污水处理控制系统的设计

根据脱硫废水工艺条件和水质,废水处理系统采用一套可编程控制系统(PLC)进行控制。废水系统PLC控制装置与脱硫系统DCS留有硬接线及通讯接口。在脱硫系统DCS上可以完成废水装置的启停控制及工艺系统的监视。以国华台山电厂湿法烟气脱硫废水处理的实践为例介绍脱硫废水处理的控制系统的设计。     

嵌入式电镀行车控制系统的设计与实现

传统电镀行车控制系统存在控制精度难以精准掌控和拓展空间受局限等缺陷。为了实现电镀行车的精准控制和平稳运行控制,同时赋予控制系统理想的适应性与拓展性,设计出一套基于ARM和FPGA架构的嵌入式电镀行车控制系统。介绍了设计方案,并阐述了控制系统的构架、逻辑控制流程及其实现方式。嵌入式电镀行车控制系统的信息采集和逻辑控制等均由独立模块分工完成,控制精度和稳定性得以保障。控制逻辑由软件构成,更改、调试方便,赋予控制系统自适应性与可拓展性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。