基于顾客退货的风险规避型双渠道供应链最优策略

在随机市场需求条件下,考虑风险规避型双渠道供应链中存在顾客退货时的最优决策问题,决策变量为两个渠道的商品售价和制造商批发价。以集中决策时的最优决策作为比较标杆,重点利用均值—方差方法分析了分散决策时风险规避型制造商和零售商的最优决策。结合灵敏度分析和数值试验,讨论了分散决策下的风险规避度,以及市场需求波动和顾客退货率对最优决策的影响。结果表明,高退货率不利于零售商、制造商及整个供应链的收益;风险规避度对收益的影响不是一成不变的,与需求波动大小有关;分散决策虽然引起了双边际效应,但制造商风险规避度的增加将降低双边际效应的负面影响。     

模糊需求下基于CVaR的供应链定价与协调

为了研究模糊需求下成员具有风险规避行为供应链的定价策略和协调机制,基于市场需求不确定的现实,将需求模糊化处理,构建了具有风险规避制造商和零售商的供应链决策模型,得到最优决策的显示解,设计了基于Shapley值的收益共享契约协调机制。研究结果表明,当市场需求的模糊程度发生变化以及制造商和零售商对风险规避的程度较大时,最优价格决策随市场需求减少可能性的增加而降低,随市场需求增加可能性的增加而保持不变;风险规避程度较大的制造商和零售商在规避风险的同时会丧失在市场需求可能增加情形下提高价格从而获得高收益的机会;风险规避的决策者会选择风险规避的对手作为合作伙伴;基于Shapley值的收益共享契约能够让模糊需求下的供应链达到完美协调。     

考虑随机参照价格的双渠道绿色供应链定价和渠道策略研究

为了探讨参照效应对绿色供应链成员决策的影响,将消费者的随机参照价格引入到双渠道绿色供应链中,通过博弈论方法构建一个两阶段Stackelberg模型,讨论了线上线下的一致性定价策略。结果表明：当消费者的绿色偏好系数较高时,消费者参照价格的离散程度对制造商和零售商有利;否则,消费者参照价格的离散程度对制造商有利但对零售商不利;随着消费者参照价格敏感性系数的增大,制造商的期望利润先减小后增大,但零售商的期望利润单调下降;收益共享和成本分担组合契约能够协调双渠道绿色供应链。通过与单渠道绿色供应链均衡的比较发现,制造商进入线上渠道的条件受到消费者参照价格敏感性系数和离散程度的双重影响。在此基础上将模型拓展到差异化定价,讨论了不同定价策略对渠道成员的影响。     

生产规模不经济下考虑参考价格效应的三周期供应链定价决策

针对制造商和零售商组成的两级供应链系统,探究了三周期环境下基于参考价格效应的成员动态定价决策。作为渠道主导方的制造商生产成本具有规模不经济性,其可能采用均一化或差异化两种批发价格策略。结合双方的定价时期,给出并比较了4种决策模式下的均衡价格和利润,分析了参考价格因子和规模不经济系数的影响。研究表明,零售商利用参考价格效应的行为在不同模式下将对制造商的批发价决策产生不同影响,规模不经济系数对各种模式的均衡价格及成员利润的影响程度也存在差异;制造商利润的最优模式依赖的不是自身决策目标,而是零售商的决策目标;绝大部分情况下,零售商以其三期总利润为目标比逐期优化的收益更高;双方逐期决策和以各期利润最大化的模式反而能够产出最高的系统总利润。     

生产成本扰动下的风险规避双渠道供应链定价决策

为了探究生产成本扰动和风险规避对双渠道供应链决策的影响,考虑生产成本扰动和风险规避双因素,利用Stackelberg博弈对双渠道供应链定价和订购决策进行分析,在比较生产成本扰动和无生产成本扰动的基础上得到了最优定价决策。研究发现,集中供应链的零售价格和直销价格在生产成本扰动下具有一定的稳健性,其随风险规避程度的增大而减小;订购量在生产成本扰动下也具有一定的稳健性,其随风险规避的增加而增加。分散供应链中的零售价、直销价、批发价和订购量都具有一定的稳健性,因受风险规避的影响而不同,零售价、直销价格和批发价随风险规避的增大而减小,订购量则反之。无论是否出现生产成本波动,集中供应链的零售价和直销价均小于分散供应链,而订购量则相反。     

考虑风险规避的废旧汽车回收再制造定价

废旧汽车(ELV)回收再制造作为提升汽车产业可持续性的有效实践，由于回收质量、再制造成本的不确定导致决策者的风险不确定性，以废旧汽车回收再制造环节为对象，考虑废旧汽车回收质量的不确定及决策者的风险规避特性，运用Stackelberg博弈模型分析了再制造商与零售商的风险规避度对废旧汽车回收再制造供应链定价策略、参与者利润、ELV回收质量、以及供应链整体利润的影响。研究表明：随着零售商风险规避度的增大，再制造商的销售价格增加，而零售商的零售价格持续减低；随着再制造商风险规避度的增加，再制造商销售价格与零售商零售价格保持下降趋势；ELV回收质量与再制造商与零售商的风险规避度呈负相关的关系，且ELV回收质量越低，废旧汽车回收再制造供应链的期望效用越小。最后，建议废旧汽车回收时的定价决策要综合考虑再制造商与零售商的风险规避度以及废旧汽车回收质量。     

具有服务差异的双渠道供应链竞争策略

为研究渠道服务竞争和网络渠道接受程度对双渠道供应链系统的影响,建立了价格和服务敏感的双渠道竞争模型,分析了集中和分散情形下存在服务差异的双渠道供应链中制造商和零售商的最优决策,对比了双渠道和单一渠道供应链在渠道服务水平和供应链利润等方面的差异,并通过数值实验分析了网络渠道接受程度对供应链成员利润分配的影响.研究表明,存在差异化服务的双渠道供应链中,达到Stackelberg均衡时传统零售渠道的最优决策会导致网络直销渠道需求为零,渠道间服务竞争使得双渠道供应链优于单一渠道供应链.另外,消费者对网络渠道的接受程度影响到双渠道供应链成员的利润分配,占优制造商会根据网络渠道接受度选择最优的渠道策略.     

考虑损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道库存决策问题

针对零售商损失厌恶行为往往导致其决策偏离最优的现象,从顾客渠道偏好和零售商损失厌恶因素角度研究混合渠道的库存决策。基于渠道偏好构建了风险中性制造商和损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道库存决策模型,探讨了独立库存和零售商集中库存下制造商和零售商的最优库存策略,并通过数值模拟分析需求不确定性、损失厌恶及决策方式等因素对库存策略的影响。研究表明,独立库存模式下的集中决策是分散决策的Pareto改进,零售商集中库存模式下的集中决策提高了制造商和供应链的利润,却降低了零售商收益;损失厌恶零售商的订货量随需求不确定性增大,呈现先增后减趋势;对于零售商和供应链,零售商集中库存模式占优,面临损失厌恶零售商,制造商倾向于选择独立库存模式以维护自身利益。数值分析进一步表明,当制造商能提供合理利润共享契约并适当调节库存水平时,零售商集中库存模式将比独立库存模式更能协调具有损失厌恶零售商的混合渠道。     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

风险规避下基于双向期权的供应链融资与协调

为了探讨供应商、银行和零售商组成的供应链的均衡解和协调机制,建立了基于双向期权契约的各参与主体的收益模型,其中,零售商存在资金约束且具有风险规避特征。分析了风险规避零售商的最优采购策略以及供应链协调的条件。研究表明:随着风险规避度的增大,零售商的实物产品订购量和期权订购量增大;在风险规避系数一定的情况下,银行利率与零售商的实物订购量正相关而与期权订购量负相关;零售商的实物订购量与看涨期权执行价格和看跌期权执行价格正相关;期权订购量与看跌期权执行价格负相关;在零售商风险规避度一定的情况下,双方调整期权批发价格、看涨期权执行价格和实物批发价格能有效协调供应链。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...