佛手益生菌软糖的制备及其体外消化耐受性分析

富含水果和益生菌的软糖是未来糖果发展的重要方向之一。该研究优化了佛手益生菌凝胶软糖的加工工艺,并探讨了体外模拟胃肠消化环境对软糖中益生菌存活率的影响。结果表明,佛手凝胶软糖的硬度、弹性、胶着性、咀嚼性与软糖的感官品质有较为密切的关系,对软糖感官品质的影响从强到弱为佛手浆添加量、调和温度、调和时间。响应面分析结果显示,益生菌软糖的最佳工艺为：佛手浆添加量12.5%、调和温度70 ℃、调和时间4 min,在该工艺条件下,软糖感官品质最好,活菌数为7.6 log CFU/g。体外消化试验显示,凝结芽孢杆菌具有很好的胃肠道耐受性,在pH 1.5~3.5的人工胃液中活菌数达6.01 log CFU/g以上;人工肠液消化4 h后活菌数仅下降0.27 log CFU/g;在胆盐浓度1~4 g/L时消化24 h的活菌数在6.24 log CFU/g以上;在pH 3.0的胃液中消化2 h后再转入肠液消化10 h,活菌数仅下降0.28 log CFU/g。研究结果可为水果味益生菌软糖的开发提供科学依据。     

影响平酸菌芽孢耐热性的因子

<正> 平酸菌芽孢具有很强的耐热性,根据国外报道,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bac.Stearothermophilus)的D121.1℃值为4.0～5.0分(pH7.0),凝结芽孢杆菌(Bac.coagulans)的D121.1℃值为0.07分(pH7.0)。也有报道凝结芽孢杆菌的D121.1℃值     

新型微生态益生菌凝结芽孢杆菌研究进展

凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)是近年来益生菌领域的后起之秀,其除具有乳酸菌和双歧杆菌等保健功效外,还具有耐高温、耐酸和耐胆盐等高抗逆性,且具有较强的抑制肠道致病菌能力。在国外已广泛应用于保健、医疗、食品和畜牧等领域,但在我国关于凝结芽孢杆菌的研究和开发起步不久,而且发展缓慢。本文从凝结芽孢杆菌特性、益生作用及机理、发酵培养和临床研究方面概括和总结国内外的研究进展。     

益生菌发酵枣粉喷雾干燥条件的优化

以植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）混菌对大枣进行液态发酵,通过单因素试验研究喷雾干燥进口温度、雾化流量、蠕动泵转速和脱脂乳粉添加量对益生菌发酵枣粉出粉率、感官评定、含水量、堆积密度及活菌数的影响,确定喷雾干燥进口温度、雾化流量、蠕动泵转速和脱脂乳粉添加量4个因素为自变量,感官评分为响应值进行响应面优化。结果表明,喷雾干燥制备益生菌发酵枣粉的最优参数为喷雾干燥进口温度150 ℃,雾化流量473 L/h,蠕动泵速20%,脂乳粉添加量2.5%。在此优化条件下,益生菌发酵枣粉出粉率为39.15%、感官评分为95.6分、含水量3.82%、堆积密度为0.251 g/mL、活菌数为1.78×109 CFU/g。     

凝结芽孢杆菌原生质体的制备、再生及灭活

凝结芽孢杆菌是乳酸工业化生产的主要发酵菌株之一,但在发酵结束时,发酵液中往往会残留(6~8)g/L的残糖。为了降低发酵液中的残糖含量,可以通过灭活原生质体融合技术引入外源可降解残糖的酶基因来改善凝结芽孢杆菌降解残糖的能力。以凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)C菌株为供试菌株,考察了酶浓度、酶解温度和酶解时间对凝结芽孢杆菌原生质体制备与再生的影响。结果表明,在菌体OD_(620)为10时,最适的酶解条件为:溶菌酶浓度0.14 mg/mL,酶解温度37℃,酶解时间10 min。在此条件下,原生质体的制备率为95.98%~97.64%,再生率达到13.49%~15.62%。在此基础上,分别考察了紫外致死和高温致死对凝结芽孢杆菌原生质体再生的影响。当紫外照射360 s和70℃高温处理25 min时,原生质体的致死率都能达到100%,这为后续的原生质体融合奠定了基础。     

熊去氧胆酸联合凝结芽孢杆菌预防小鼠高脂血症作用的研究

研究熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)与凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)联合预防小鼠高脂血症的功效。在饲喂KM小鼠高脂饲料的同时灌胃UDCA和B.coagulans Ganeden BC20活菌,结果显示:凝结芽孢杆菌联合熊去氧胆酸显著延缓小鼠体重和肝脏指数的增长,降低小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的水平,同时提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。通过UDCA和凝结芽孢杆菌菌液的联合作用,还使高脂血症小鼠的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)细胞因子水平下降,白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)细胞因子水平升高。实验结果可证明熊去氧胆酸联合凝结芽孢杆菌优良的小鼠高脂血症预防作用。     

果胶在糖果中的应用及其配方(上)

<正>一、果胶在软糖中的作用人们习惯上将含水量在4%以下的糖果称为硬糖,而把水分14%以上的糖果称为软糖,软糖给人们以柔软的感觉,大多呈透明状,只有极少数量不透明的,软糖因含水量和添加料的不同而呈不同的韧性、弹性和柔软性,     

pH、氯化钠和蔗糖对热解糖梭菌和生孢梭菌芽孢耐热性的影响(上)

前言 罐头食品因微生物造成的败坏,多数是由于加热杀菌不足而引起的,在内容物为低酸食品时,常可分离出有芽孢细菌。 造成罐头食品败坏的菌主要是如下数种。属于芽孢杆菌属的有:地衣芽孢杆菌(B.lichenifomis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)、凝结芽孢杆菌(B.coagulans)和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B.stearothermophilus);属于梭菌属的有生孢梭菌(C.sporogenes)和热解糖梭菌(C.thermosaccharolyticum)。这些菌的芽孢均具有强耐热性,其耐热性值常因各种因素而变动。pH和水分活性对芽孢杆菌属细菌芽孢耐热性值的影响可参见有关文献)。本文研究梭菌属中耐热性强的生孢梭菌和热解糖梭菌。 1.培养基配制法     

凝结芽孢杆菌CNJD增殖发酵工艺优化

以凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）CNJD为研究对象,生物量为考察指标,采用单因素试验考察发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量、初始pH值、装液量和摇瓶转速等发酵条件对凝结芽孢杆菌CNJD菌体生长的影响,在此基础上,采用单因素及响应面法对其发酵培养基进行优化。结果表明,最优发酵条件为发酵时间16 h,发酵温度55 ℃,接种量2%,初始pH值 5.0,摇床转速180 r/min,装液量50 mL/250 mL;最优发酵培养基组分为：蔗糖48.59 g/L,氯化钙1.70 g/L,硫酸锰0.33 g/L,酵母浸粉10.00 g/L,氯化钠1.50 g/L,胰蛋白胨10.00 g/L。在此优化工艺下,凝结芽孢杆菌CNJD的生物量达到7.86×1010 CFU/mL。     

海洋细菌Bacillus coagulans spp.Heishijiaosis发酵液抗真菌活性及其工艺优化研究

采用均匀设计与单因素实验研究了海洋凝结芽孢杆菌Bacillus coagulans spp.Heishijiaosis发酵液的抗真菌活性及其发酵条件,得到B.coagulans产抗真菌活性物质的最佳工艺条件为:培养基配方为玉米粉2%,豆饼粉0.2%,KH2PO4 0.2%,可溶性淀粉0.64%,微量元素溶液0.05%,p H自然;发酵条件为菌龄为18~21 h,接种量5%,培养基初始p H6.0~6.5,溶氧量60 mL/250m L,发酵温度28℃。     

Extended shelf-life of unrefrigerated prerigor cooked meat

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the microbial quality of unrefrigerated cooked prerigor beef after the application of oxygen-permeable packaging. Specific objectives were to combine the beneficial effects of aerobic packaging, meat surface acidification and prerigor rapid cooking rates on meat storage stability at ambient temperature. In the experiments, the triceps brachii muscle was dissected from one side 45 min after exanguination of the animal, and samples of 2 × 3 × 5 cm were prepared. Bags made of a strong barrier, plastic film, and a highly oxygen permeable oriented polypropylene, were used. The cooking of the packaged samples covered a number of treatments ranging from cooking in a 70°C water bath to an internal sample temperature of 65°C to cooking in 100°C water for 40 min. Reheating and multiple heat treatments were also included. The pH values of the cooked samples were determined and aerobic plate counts (log(10)/g) were determined for the cooked samples at various intervals during two weeks of storage at 22°C or at 3°C for the control samples. The results indicate that heat treatment alone did not improve shelf stability at 22°C. However, dipping the samples in 80°C solutions of 0·7% citric acid or 1·25% lactic acid for 1 min and draining for 1 min followed by packaging using oxygen permeable bags and cooking in 100°C water for 40 min consistently resulted in shelf stable products at all 22°C storage intervals. The lactic acid treatment was superior to the citric acid treatment because it completely decontaminated the samples and delayed spoilage, especially at 3°C.     

Effect of six organic acids on staphylococcal growth and enterotoxin production.

Four Staphylococcus aureus strains were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h in broth progressively acidified with lactic, citric, ascorbic, acetic, pyruvic and propionic acids, and their survival rate and enterotoxin producing ability was studied. Acids were chosen based on their frequent use by the food industry. Periodically, samples were withdrawn to determine counts, pH and the presence of enterotoxins A, B, C, and D. For a given acid, the effect on growth and enterotoxin synthesis was different. The most inhibitory acid for the growth of strains FRI-100 and FRI-472 was pyruvic acid, for strain FRI-137 was lactic acid, all six acids were equally effective on strain S6. Lactic acid was very inhibitory to enterotoxin synthesis, but the effect on this parameter of acetic and citric acids was almost nil. Enterotoxins were seen to be inactivated at acid pH values; enterotoxin B was the most resistant to inactivation.     

凝结芽孢杆菌13002的益生特性

以凝结芽孢杆菌13002为研究对象,测定了该菌株对高温、胆盐、酸的耐受性以及对有害菌的抗菌活性、对抗生素的耐药性五个方面的益生特性。结果表明:该菌株于80 ℃条件作用10 min存活率达72.3%;0.3%胆盐作用12 h存活率达69.8%;pH2.0条件下作用4 h存活率达40.0%;对有害菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)具有一定抗菌活性,其抑菌圈直径分别达13.650和14.367 mm;对青霉素、链霉素、四环素三种抗生素具有不同程度的耐药性,其MIC值分别为0.781、0.391和0.039 mg/mL。凝结芽孢杆菌13002具有良好的益生特性。     

Manufacture of Fior di Latte cheese by incorporation of probiotic lactobacilli

This work aimed to select heat-resistant probiotic lactobacilli to be added to Fior di Latte (high-moisture cow milk Mozzarella) cheese. First, 18 probiotic strains belonging to Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri were screened. Resistance to heating (65 or 55°C for 10 min) varied markedly between strains. Adaptation at 42°C for 10 min increased the heat resistance at 55°C for 10 min of all probiotic lactobacilli. Heat-adapted L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SP5 (decimal reduction time at 55°C of 227.4 min) and L. paracasei BGP1 (decimal reduction time at 55°C of 40.8 min) showed the highest survival under heat conditions that mimicked the stretching of the curd and were used for the manufacture of Fior di Latte cheese. Two technology options were chosen: chemical (addition of lactic acid to milk) or biological (Streptococcus thermophilus as starter culture) acidification with or without addition of probiotics. As determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR and 16S rRNA gene analyses, the cell density of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SP5 and L. paracasei BGP1 in chemically or biologically acidified Fior di Latte cheese was approximately 8.0 log(10)cfu/g. Microbiological, compositional, biochemical, and sensory analyses (panel test by 30 untrained judges) showed that the use of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SP5 and L. paracasei BGP1 enhanced flavor formation and shelf-life of Fior di Latte cheeses.     

Influence of pH on heat resistance of spores of Bacillus coagulans in buffer and homogenized foods

The influence of pH of heating menstruum (McIlvaine buffer) on the heat resistance of Bacillus coagulans spores has been investigated and compared with the heat resistance in homogenized tomato and asparagus at pH 7 and 4 at a wide range of temperatures. Spores were less heat resistant in all menstrua at acid pH. The magnitude of this effect was greatest at the lowest heating temperatures tested. z values in buffer increased from 8.9 degrees C at pH 7 to 10.5 degrees C at pH 4. pH of menstrua was the main influencing factor, but media composition also influenced heat resistance: at pH 7 heat resistance was similar in all menstrua (D111 degrees C = 1.6 min) but at pH 4 the heat resistance in homogenized foods (D111 degrees C = 0.26 min in tomato and D111 degrees C = 0.28 min in asparagus) was lower than in buffer (D111 degrees C = 0.49 min). The reduced influence of the acidification of media on the heat resistance of B. coagulans at higher temperatures should be taken into account when a rise in the temperature of treatment for canned vegetables is considered to shorten duration of heat processes.     

Quality evaluation of probiotic pasta produced with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30

Nowadays, the production of non-dairy and heat-treated probiotic foods has been gaining high interest. With this aim, due to its spore-forming ability Bacillus coagulans has been widely used in research studies. In this study, probiotic pasta production was accomplished with the addition of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 spores into semolina. Samples were packed in zip-lock bag and stored at room temperature for 6 months. The microbiological characteristics, cooking behavior, texture, color and sensory attributes of pasta samples were investigated at 0 and 6 months of storage. Results showed that B. coagulans GBI-30 count of pasta samples decreased from 7.20 to 6.08 log CFU/g during cooking and storage showed statistically significant effect on B. coagulans GBI-30 count. At the end of the cooking in boiling (100 °C) distilled water for 8 min, B. coagulans GBI-30 did not negatively affect the sensorial quality of pasta according to the sensory panel of 7 experts. Therefore, it was concluded that the pasta can be considered as a probiotic product after 6 months of storage at room temperature due to the fact that B. coagulans GBI-30 count was above 6 log CFU/g.     

Improving the Stability of Probiotic Bacteria in Model Fruit Juices Using Vitamins and Antioxidants

Abstract: This study examined the survival of probiotic bacteria in a model fruit juice system. Three different strains of probiotic bacteria were used in this study: HOWARU Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, HOWARU Bifidobacterium lactis HN001, and Lactobacillus paracasei LPC 37. The probiotic bacteria were inoculated into model juice with various vitamins and antioxidants, namely white grape seed extract, green tea extract, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin E. The model juice without any additives was used as a control. Their viability was assessed on a weekly basis using plate count method. The model juice was made with sucrose, sodium citrate, citric acid powder, and distilled water and was pasteurized before use. Our findings showed that probiotic bacteria did not survive well in the harsh environment of the model fruit juice. However, the model juice containing vitamin C, grape extract, and green tea extract showed better survival of probiotic bacteria. The model juice containing grape seed extract, green tea extract, and vitamin C had the same initial population of 8.32 log CFU/mL, and at the end of the 6-wk storage period it had an average viability of 4.29 log CFU/mL, 7.41 log CFU/mL, and 6.44 log CFU/mL, respectively. Juices containing all other ingredients tested had viable counts of <10 CFU/mL at the end of the 6-wk storage period.     

凝结芽孢杆菌的益生特性及机制研究进展

凝结芽孢杆菌作为益生菌,近年来因其特有的益生特性备受关注。鉴于此,在深度解析凝结芽孢杆菌益生特性的基础上,结合目前国内外的研究现状和未来发展趋势,从消化道微生态、营养物质的消化吸收和免疫系统三方面揭示了凝结芽孢杆菌在食品领域的应用机制,并展望了未来在本领域的研究热点,旨在为凝结芽孢杆菌在食品工业中的广泛应用提供支撑,助力益生菌产业的可持续发展。     

Evaluation of the stability of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 during processing and storage of functional foods

The study was aimed to find out the stability of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 in functional foods during processing and storage. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was found to be stable during baking and storage at frozen conditions of banana muffins (92% viability) and waffles (86% viability) upto 12 months. After brewing coffee at 90 °C for 2 min, there was 87% viability and retained 66% viability even after maintaining temperature at 77 °C for 4.0 h. It showed over 95% viability in chocolate fudge frosting, hot fudge toppings, peanut butter, strawberry preserve and vegetable oil at room temperature upto 12 months. It was found to be stable in apple juice upto 6 months at refrigerated condition and concentrated glucose syrup at 4 ± 3 and 25 ± 2 °C upto 24 months. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 showed promising stability during processing and storage of functional foods and could be an excellent probiotic ingredient to use in various food applications.     

Effect of high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide on the germination of bacterial spores

Effect of high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide treatment (HGCT) at 6.5 MPa, 35 degrees C on the germination of bacterial spores was investigated. Germination of bacterial spores was estimated by the decrease of heat tolerance. Approximately, 40% of Bacillus coagulans and 70% of Bacillus licheniformis were germinated by HGCT for 120 min at 35 degrees C, respectively. Germination was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy. The effect of hydrostatic pressure treatment (HPT) at 6.5 MPa, 35 degrees C on the germination of B. coagulans and B. licheniformis spores were also investigated. Spores did not germinate by HPT alone at 6.5 MPa for 120 min.