液排渣燃烧器液态渣膜厚度求解模型及传热分析

对液态排渣旋风燃烧器的渣膜流动进行分析，给出渣膜厚度的求解方程组，并对定性分析渣膜厚度对传热的影响，为液态排渣燃烧器的结构设计、耐火材料的选择与修补提供切实可行的实施手段。分析渣膜形成改变了燃烧器对称结构，影响燃烧器内流场结构，从而导致捕渣率降低。     

锅炉结渣过程研究与结渣数值模拟

探讨了锅炉的结渣过程。采用数值模拟的方法,建立了结渣模型,特别是建立了结渣停止生长模型,模拟了锅炉结渣的过程和影响,得出结渣的位置、结渣时间、结渣量和结渣对换热的影响等。     

高炉水渣转鼓渣水分配器计算研究

水渣转鼓是CISDI转鼓法水渣工艺的核心设备,为使其受载均匀确保设备长寿,通过对渣水混合物从水渣槽流出在转鼓内轴向分流的过程的相关研究,并建立相应数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对不同条件的渣水混合物在转鼓内的流量分配进行计算分析.研究结果表明,通过对分配器的设计改进来有效改善转鼓的受载.生产实践证明,本计算办法完全可以为水渣系统中水渣槽和分配器的工程设计提供定量的参考依据.     

锅炉干排渣系统运行调整

自大港电厂一期机组试运投产以来,锅炉炉底干排渣系统多次出现严重积渣、堵渣现象。直接造成锅炉超温、效率降低、甚至限负荷运行,给锅炉的安全、稳定运行造成了相当大的影响。文中通过对锅炉运行稳定性、锅炉结焦防范、大渣冷却等运行技术进行研究,分析并得到了干排渣系统结渣、堵渣的原因以及渣量对负荷变化的影响。针对本厂机组,采取了一系列控制措施应对大渣量对锅炉机组造成的影响,以及结渣、堵渣后的处理方法。实践表明,干排渣系统运行良好,有效的保证了锅炉机组的运行。     

提高渣罐使用寿命的工艺实践

简述了渣罐使用的技术原理以及炼钢厂在渣罐使用上的突破和革新,通过技改的实施使渣罐的使用寿命达到国内同类企业的3～5倍。     

循环流化床锅炉冷渣器的调整与改造

冷渣器是循环流化床锅炉的重要辅机之一,其作用是采用水或空气将循环流化床锅炉排出的900℃左右的高温灰渣冷却至200℃以下,回收一部分灰渣的物理显热,提高锅炉效率,它的正常运行直接影响到循环流化床锅炉的安全可靠和经济连续运行,而冷渣器能否维持正常排渣与冷渣器结构、设计有关外,也与运行人员的操作水平有关,故循环流化床锅炉的排渣系统运行不正常,故障率高是导致循环流化床锅炉不能带满负荷运行或被迫停炉的直接原因之一,针对梅县发电厂三期新投产的2台135 MW机组循环流化床锅炉排渣系统在运行中出现的问题进行分析及探讨,并提出了改造的实施方法。     

循环流化床锅炉冷渣器结渣分析

对风水联合冷渣器结渣现象进行分析,并提出改进意见。     

炼钢渣罐用新型防粘渣剂的开发与应用

介绍了利用机械力激发矿物活性的工艺,将炼钢厂鱼雷罐使用后的铝-碳化硅-碳质砖和钢包使用的镁碳砖,进行机械破碎、磨粉以后,激发其反应活性,然后添加胶凝性原料,制作成为炼钢渣罐用防粘渣剂,应用于120 t转炉生产线的11 m3渣罐的内壁喷涂作业,能够有效地隔离高温钢渣直接与渣罐的铸钢件内壁直接接触,降解渣中氧化铁含量明显,翻罐率达到99.5%以上。     

锅炉结渣机理分析

对锅炉结渣机理进行了探讨,概括了影响锅炉结渣的最重要的3个因素。     

L型进渣阀进渣特性试验研究

在L型进渣阀半工业试验台上,针对表观引渣风风速在0～25 m/s、引渣风管深入比例0～0.6、联箱压力0.05～0.15 MPa、试验物料粒径1.32～2.22 mm时,对该进渣阀的进渣特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:随着表观引渣风风速增大,进渣阀进渣速率先增大后减小;进渣速率随引渣风管深入比例的增大、试验床料颗粒平均粒径的增大而减小,随联箱压力的增大而增加。此外,还得到了进渣特性的关联式,关联式的计算值与测量值吻合较好,可用于指导进渣阀的调节。     

锅炉碎渣机改捞渣机的实践及经济性分析

热力发电厂锅炉除渣方式对机组的安全与经济运行具有重要影响。对锅 炉除渣方式的改造,进行了技术经济性分析,取得明显的经济效益,可供火电厂 同类型除渣设备改造时参考借鉴．     

利废法生产矿棉新工艺——电厂旋风炉渣生产矿棉(岩棉)的研究与实践

在简述生产矿棉(岩棉)常规工艺情况的基础上,着重论述了利用发电厂旋风锅炉液态渣生产岩棉的新工艺过程、机理、技术关键、技术经济指标和产品的广阔市场前景等。利废法生产岩棉新工艺解决了热衔接等技术关键,实现了工业化生产,它集节能、环保、资源再利用、显著的经济效益于一体,是国内外技术领先的全新工艺。廉价岩棉的大量生产将推动保温材料的广泛利用和发展。     

电弧炉泡沫渣冶炼工艺

泡沫渣在电弧炉熔氧期有非常重要的作用。控制好几个操作参数,能得到冶金性能良好,渣层厚度足够的泡沫渣。富氧、喷碳泡沫渣与长弧三位一体的联合使用效果最好。可根据冶炼钢种,炉子大小及设备条件,分别选用配料加焦、喷碳、富氧、长弧法或全程喷碳、富氧、长弧法。     

气化炉渣着火特性试验研究

煤炭是我国的主题能源,我国正处于工业化快速推进阶段,未来较长时期,能源需求仍将快速增长.以煤气化为核心技术的煤制油、煤制气等产业在我国得到了大力发展,高残炭的气化炉渣作为燃料是一种重要的利用途径.本文依托哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司一维火焰燃烧炉对气化炉渣的着火特性进行试验研究,研究表明:该种气化炉渣的着火温度为716℃,...     

Corrosion evaluation of steel slag based on a leaching solution test

Steel slag is alkaline in aqueous solution, and this is a typical feature for solid wastes that contain large amounts of basic oxides. Therefore, this parameter is used for solid waste hazard assessments. Special attention needs to be paid to the chemical parameters of steel slag to improve its comprehensive utilization, disposal, and storage. The corrosiveness of converter slag samples from different steel plants was evaluated according to the method stipulated by the Chinese national standard GB5085.1–007 to identify whether they would be classified as alkaline hazardous waste. The results showed that steel slag leaching solution had a certain corrosivity, and the pH value of the leaching solution increased with a decrease in the particle size of the steel slag and a decrease in temperature. However, the pH value of the short-term and long-term deposited slag leaching solution was not more than the standard limit value, and hence was not a hazardous waste. It was also found that the pH value (12.66 and 12.60) of the leachate of the grounded products of some of the steel slag was close to the pH of saturated Ca(OH)₂ at 16°C. The measured pH value entered the pH range for a hazardous waste because it was obtained from the grinding of slag powder products. It was not in the original state of steel slag commonly produced by the steel slag industry. Therefore, it cannot be said that this pH directly indicated that the steel slag produced by these steel plants is hazardous waste. This study provides an analytical method that can be used as a basis for the safe storage and comprehensive utilization of steel slag.     

关于镍渣提铁生产的高温热能利用的探讨

通过对镍弃渣的性能分析，提出了两种利用镍弃渣生产微合金铁的方法，既可以解决镍渣中铁和有价金属的回收，达到资源综合利用的目的，又解决了高温熔融镍渣的热能回收问题，节约能源。     

Energy absorption characteristics and kinetics of carbonaceous solid waste gasification with copper slag as heat carrier

High energy consumption is the bottleneck for gasification technology of carbonaceous waste. Exactly, copper slag has such cheap and huge energy that can be used. Copper slag waste heat can provide energy and metallic oxide in copper slag has catalytic effect on carbonaceous solid waste gasification reaction. The gasification energy absorption characteristics and kinetics of typical solid waste, sludge, enteromorpha and lignite with air as oxidation agent has been studied using copper slag as heat carrier. Gasification reaction of waste is scored as multi-stage reactions. For sludge and enteromorpha gasification reactions, there are two and three reaction stages respectively. Gasification reaction rate becomes unstable when copper slag added. The addition of copper slag has little effect on the peak value and peak temperature. Pyrolysis reaction rate of heat absorption is controlled by material diffusion. At medium and high temperature, the limitation of gasification endothermic reaction of sludge and enteromorpha is chemical reaction rate. When copper slag added, the total energy absorption of lignite, sludge and enteromorpha are 11285.8 mw/mg, 8994.2 mw/mg and 9461.7 mw/mg respectively. Copper slag has catalytic decomposition effect on the gasification reaction at high and medium temperature, and improves the heat exchange rate.     

Hydrogen production from biogas using hot slag

Possibility of hydrogen production from biogas using hot slag has been studied, in which decomposition rate of _CO2${\mathrm{CO}}_2$–_CH4${\mathrm{CH}}_4$ in a packed bed of granulated slag was measured at constant flow-rate and pressure. The molten slag, discharged at high temperature over 1700 K from smelting industries such as steelmaking or municipal waste incineration. It has enough potential for replacing energy required for hydrogen production due to the catalytic steam reforming or carbon decomposition of hydrocarbon. However, heat recovery of hot slag has never been established. Therefore, the objective of this work is to generate hydrogen from methane using heated slag particles as catalyst, in which the effect of temperature on the hydrogen generation was mainly investigated at range from 973 to 1273 K. In the experiments a mixed gas of _CH4${\mathrm{CH}}_4$ and _CO2${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ was continuously introduced into the packed bed of hot slag at constant flow-rate and atmospheric pressure and then the outlet gas was monitored by gas chromatography. The results indicate that slag acted as not only thermal media but also good catalyst, for promoting decomposition. The product gases were mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide with/without solid carbon deposition on the surface of slag, depending on the reaction temperature. Increasing temperature led to large hydrogen generation with decreasing un-reacted methane in the outlet gas, at when the largest methane conversion was about 96%. The results suggested a new energy-saving process of hydrogen production, in which the waste heat from molten slag can replace the energy required for hydrogen production, reducing carbon dioxide emission.     

炉渣对转炉镁碳砖侵蚀行为的实验研究

随着对钢铁性能要求的提高,耐火材料对转炉整体使用寿命以及生产成本的影响越来越大,因而对镁碳砖的抗渣性能提出了更高的要求。以转炉冶炼过程为研究对象,通过开展静态条件下镁碳砖侵蚀高温模拟实验,研究了炉渣成分对镁碳砖损毁行为的影响,并利用多种分析手段对侵蚀后的镁碳砖试样进行了处理分析。结果表明,适当提高炉渣中MgO的质量分数、炉渣碱度以及降低转炉冶炼后期炉渣中FeO的质量分数可有效降低炉渣对镁碳砖的侵蚀。     

Hydrogen production of bio-oil steam reforming combining heat recovery of blast furnace slag: Thermodynamic analysis

Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil combining heat recovery of blast furnace slag was investigated via thermodynamic analysis in this paper. The addition of blast furnace slag just had a slight enhancement for hydrogen production from the steam reforming process of bio-oil at low temperature, and had almost no thermodynamic effect (either promotion or restraint) for the steam reforming reaction equilibrium at high temperature where higher H₂ yield were obtained, no matter how much blast furnace slag was added. However, different masses of blast furnace slag as heat carrier supply different amounts of heat, so the optimal blast furnace slag addition was performed via energy balance. If the sensible heats of the reformed gas and the slag after steam reforming reactions were unrecycled, the required mass of blast furnace slag was over 30 times of bio-oil mass, while the required slag mass was just 11.5 times of bio-oil mass if the sensible heats after the steam reforming reactions were recycled. For the latter, about 0.144 Nm³ H₂ per kg blast furnace slag was obtained at the reforming temperature of 700–750 °C and the steam/carbon mole ratio of 6.