基底温度对直流磁控溅射制备氮化铜薄膜的影响研究

采用反应直流磁控溅射镀膜法,在氮气分压为0.9Pa、不同基底温度下、玻璃基底上制备了纳米多晶Cu3N薄膜,并研究了基底温度对薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,当基底温度为100℃及以下时,薄膜以[111]方向择优生长为主;在150℃及200℃时,薄膜以[100]方向择优生长为主;250℃时开始出现Cu的[111]方向生长,300℃时已完全不能形成Cu3N晶体,只有明显的Cu晶体。随基底温度的升高,薄膜的沉积速率在13～28nm/min呈U型变化,低温和高温时较高,150℃时最低;薄膜的电阻率显著降低;薄膜的显微硬度先升后降,100℃时显微硬度最大。     

Cu3N薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用反应射频磁控溅射方法,在玻璃基底上成功制备出了氮化铜（Cu3N）薄膜,并研究了溅射参数对Cu3N薄膜的结构和性能的影响,结果显示,随着溅射功率和氮气分压的增加,氮化铜薄膜的择优取向由（111）方向向（100）方向改变。随着基底温度从70℃增加到200℃,薄膜从Cu3N相变为cu相。紫外可见光谱、四探针电阻仪等测试表明,当溅射功率从80W逐渐增加到120W时,薄膜的光学能隙从1．85eV减小到1．41eV,电阻率从1．45× 10^2Ω·cm增加到2．99× 10^3Ω·cm。     

磁控溅射制备铁掺杂氮化铜薄膜的研究

采用反应磁控溅射法在氮气分压0.5Pa、基底温度100℃条件下,在玻璃基底上分别制备了氮化铜薄膜和铁掺杂氮化铜薄膜.XRD显示氮化铜薄膜择优(111)晶面生长,铁掺杂使氮化铜薄膜的结晶程度减弱.AFM显示铁掺杂使氮化铜薄膜粗糙度增加.铁掺杂不同程度地提高了氮化铜薄膜的沉积速率和电阻率.     

PECVD下基底温度对SiC薄膜形态、成分及生长速度的影响

在单晶Si和多晶Cu基底表面上使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法沉积了SiC薄膜. 通过高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究基底温度对SiC薄膜成分、结构及生长速度的影响规律。结果表明: 在60~500℃基底温度下制备的SiC薄膜均为非晶态薄膜, 薄膜的生长速度随基底温度的升高而线性降低, 并且在相同沉积条件下, 薄膜在Si基底上的生长速度要高于Cu基底。此外, 薄膜中的硅碳原子比随基底温度的升高而降低, 当基底温度控制在350℃左右时, 可以获得硅碳比为1:1较理想的SiC薄膜。     

磁控溅射ITO薄膜的退火处理

采用直流磁控溅射方法在室温下玻璃基板上制备ITO(Indium tin oxide)薄膜,并在真空中不同温度(100℃~400℃)下退火处理.研究了退火对薄膜表面形貌、电光特性的影响.XRD测试发现薄膜在200℃退火后结晶,优选晶向为(222).随退火温度升高,方块电阻迅速下降,表面更加平整,薄膜在可见光范围平均透过率提高到85%.     

铜薄膜在100℃～400℃下氧化行为的微观表征

本文研究了在100℃～400℃下溅射制备的40nm铜薄膜的氧化行为。利用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了铜薄膜氧化前期的微观形貌，并利用X射线衍射（XRD）和能量分散X射线谱（EDX）分析了其晶相结构和成份。随着温度的升高，铜薄膜氧化速率明显加快。在100℃下，Cu薄膜表面生成岛状非晶氧化物，温度升高至200℃后，生成Cu2O相的同时Cu薄膜表面产生重构现象，呈现疏松的网状结构。300℃和400℃下Cu薄膜几乎全部氧化，分别形成均匀分布的Cu2O和CuO晶粒。结果表明，利用AFM和XRD能灵敏地跟踪纳米尺度Cu薄膜的氧化过程。     

不同温度下氮化铬薄膜的疏水性能研究

利用电弧离子镀膜技术,以硅片、不锈钢、玻璃片为基底,在脉冲偏压分别为50 V、100 V、150 V的条件下制备了三组氮化铬薄膜样品,对其物相、表面形貌、力学性能及不同温度下的疏水性能进行了分析研究。结果表明：所制备薄膜样品组分单一,表面存在些许“大颗粒”,当脉冲偏压为100 V时“大颗粒”数量最多;氮化铬薄膜力学性能优良,150 V脉冲偏压下沉积的薄膜具有较高的硬度和杨氏模量,50 V脉冲偏压样品具有较高的膜基结合力;常温（20℃）下薄膜疏水性均较好,基底材料对疏水性能影响不大;各组薄膜疏水性能随环境温度的增加而降低,当环境温度上升至80℃时脉冲偏压为50 V的薄膜丧失疏水性能,脉冲偏压为100 V的薄膜样品疏水性能整体较优。     

非晶CIGS前驱膜无硒退火的相变历程

采用一步射频磁控溅射法在室温获得了CIGS薄膜,研究了不同的真空无硒退火温度(150～350℃)对CIGS薄膜相变历程的影响。薄膜相变历程中的结构和性能采用XRD、SEM、EDS、紫外-可见光吸收和四探针等测试手段进行测试表征。结果表明,室温下制备的CIGS薄膜为非晶态,随退火温度升高发生非晶CIGS→CuSe→CIGS的相变。150℃退火形成的CuSe薄膜的电阻率最低,光透过性能最差。退火温度超过200℃便生成CIGS相,CIGS相的结晶质量随退火温度升高而改善,薄膜的电阻率和光透过率也随退火温度的提高而增加。     

Si_3N_4原位增强Cu基复合材料的制备

采用感应炉熔炼及水雾化工艺制得了Cu-Si合金粉末,经N2、H2混合气体选择氮化和真空放电等离子烧结(SPS)成型,制备得到了Si3N4原位增强Cu基复合材料(Si3N4/Cu),利用萃取法研究了选择性氮化产物及其晶体结构。结果表明:复合粉末中N含量随氮化温度的升高和氮化时间的延长而增大。在1 000℃下氮化,持续时间大于60h时,粉末中的N含量明显提高;Cu的衍射峰出现整体向大角度方向的明显偏移,同时晶格常数变小,表明Si从Cu基体中脱溶,与N反应生成Si3N4;Si3N4/Cu复合材料的增强体以β-Si3N4为主;随着氮化温度的升高和氮化时间的延长,Si3N4/Cu复合材料的电导率和硬度逐步提高。     

氮化铜薄膜的研究

氮化铜(Cu_3N)薄膜是一种新型的电、光学材料,它具有典型的反三氧化铼结构,由于Cu原子没有很好地占据(111)晶格面的紧密位置.在薄膜中掺杂之后,薄膜的电、光学性质会发生显著变化.Cu_3N在较低温度下会分解为Cu和N_2.介绍了Cu_3N的制备方法,总结了该膜制备方法和工艺参数对薄膜结构的影响,分析了在不同N_2分压下薄膜由(111)晶面转向(100)晶面择优生长和薄膜定向生长的原因,讨论了薄膜的电学、光学、热学等物理性质及其在相关方面的应用,并对该膜的物理性质与结构之间的关系作了简要分析.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.