磁控溅射制备Al掺杂氮化铜薄膜研究

利用磁控共溅射方法在玻璃基底上制备出了Al掺杂Cu_3N薄膜,研究了其晶体结构、表面形貌、光学特性和电学特性。XRD结果表明Al掺杂没有引起峰位的明显变化,说明Al替代了Cu的位置或者进入晶界处,并且随掺杂含量升高,结晶度降低;扫描电子显微镜图像表明Al掺杂之后使得氮化铜晶粒形状变得不规则,晶界变得模糊,说明Al掺杂会抑制氮化铜晶体的生长;通过光学透射谱计算得到光学带隙,Al掺杂降低了氮化铜薄膜的光学带隙,并随着掺杂含量的增加而逐渐减小,实现了Al掺杂氮化铜薄膜光学带隙的连续可调,带隙减小源于Al外层电子的局域态进入氮化铜的带隙间,增加了中间态。同时四探针的测试也表明掺杂之后电阻率变小。     

直流磁控溅射制备氮化铜薄膜的热稳定性研究

用直流磁控溅射方法,在氮气分压为0．5Pa、不同的基底温度下,于玻璃基底上制备了Cu3N薄膜。当基底温度为100℃及以下时,温度越高薄膜的结晶程度越好。当基底温度在100℃以上时,随着基底温度的升高,薄膜的结晶程度逐渐减弱,200℃时结晶已很弱,300℃时已完全不能形成Cu3N晶体。薄膜的电阻率随基底温度的变化不大,薄膜的沉积速率随基底温度的升高在18～30nm／min之间近似地线性增大,薄膜的显微硬度随基底温度的升高而略有降低。对基底温度为室温和100℃下制备的氮化铜薄膜进行不同温度下的真空退火,研究了它们的热稳定性。XRD测试表明,薄膜在200℃时开始出现分解,350℃时完全分解。比较在基底温度为室温和100℃下制备的样品,发现室温下制备的氮化铜薄膜比100℃下制备的氮化铜薄膜稳定。     

磁控溅射制备铝掺杂氮化铜薄膜的结构及光电性能研究

以高纯铜和铝为靶材,氮气和氩气分别为源气体和工作气体,采用双靶共溅射磁控技术在单晶硅和石英片上制备了铝掺杂氮化铜(Cu3N∶Al)薄膜.对Cu3N:Al薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、光透射性能和电学性能等进行表征、分析.研究结果表明,掺杂Al原子进入Cu3N晶格空位;随着Al靶的直流溅射功率增大,Cu3N∶Al薄膜中Al含...     

基底温度对直流溅射Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜性能的影响

采用陶瓷靶直流磁控溅射,以玻璃为基底制备2.5wt%Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜,控制薄膜厚度在300~350 nm,研究了不同基底温度下所制得薄膜的结构、形貌和光学特性.XRD分析表明,基底温度为150℃、250℃和350℃时,薄膜分别为非晶态、锐钛矿(101)和金红石相(110)结构.基底温度250℃时,锐钛矿相薄膜的晶粒尺寸最大,约为32 nm.薄膜表面形貌的SEM分析显示,薄膜粗糙度和致密度随基底温度升高得到改善.薄膜的平均可见光透过率在基底温度为250℃以内约为70%,随基底温度升高至350℃,平均透过率下降为59%,金红石相的存在不利于可见光透过.Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜的光学带宽在3.68~3.78 eV之间变化.基底温度为250℃时,锐钛矿相薄膜的禁带宽度最大,为3.78 eV.     

氮化银铬和氮化钨铬纳米薄膜在微型钻头上的应用

为了了解氮化银铬和氮化钨铬纳米复合薄膜涂层应用于微型钻头加工的潜能,采多靶材非平衡磁控溅射方式制备薄膜,分别将钨(W)和银(Ag)掺杂于氮化铬(CrN)中,形成氮化钨铬(Cr-W-N)和氮化银铬(Cr-Ag-N)纳米复合薄膜,研究其基本特性及涂层于微型钻头表面加工电路板性能.结果表明,虽掺杂Ag导致硬度降低,仍可改善微型钻头加工性能;掺杂W形成W2N化合物混杂于CrN中,因而整体涂层硬度增加,同时大幅提升微型钻头加工性能.经由本研究,确认氮化银铬和氮化钨铬纳米复合薄膜具备改善微型钻头加工电路板的能力.     

铜铬复合基底中Cr含量对CNTs薄膜生长的影响研究

采用酞菁铁(FePc)热解法在铜铬复合基底上制备碳纳米管(CNTs)薄膜,通过SEM、TEM、拉曼光谱等表征手段对不同基底上CNTs薄膜的生长情况进行了分析。研究结果表明,富铜(Cu)区存在束状团聚CNTs颗粒,其大小和分布密度在铬(Cr)含量为1%~3%(wt,质量分数)时,达到最大。富Cr区表面CNTs无束状团聚颗粒,且较富Cu区CNTs薄膜生长致密、平整。随着Cr含量增加,CNTs石墨化程度略有增高,其原因可能是石墨层包裹的铁(Fe)催化剂颗粒增多所致。基底Cr含量为3%的CNTs,其场发射电流密度达到460μA/cm~2,相比铜基底CNTs有较大幅度的提升。研究表明Cr含量对CNTs薄膜的生长调控具有显著作用。     

Cu3N薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用反应射频磁控溅射方法,在玻璃基底上成功制备出了氮化铜（Cu3N）薄膜,并研究了溅射参数对Cu3N薄膜的结构和性能的影响,结果显示,随着溅射功率和氮气分压的增加,氮化铜薄膜的择优取向由（111）方向向（100）方向改变。随着基底温度从70℃增加到200℃,薄膜从Cu3N相变为cu相。紫外可见光谱、四探针电阻仪等测试表明,当溅射功率从80W逐渐增加到120W时,薄膜的光学能隙从1．85eV减小到1．41eV,电阻率从1．45× 10^2Ω·cm增加到2．99× 10^3Ω·cm。     

酞菁铜羧酸掺杂聚苯胺薄膜制备表征及光电性研究

成功制备了酞菁铜羧酸掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜.红外光谱测试结果说明酞菁铜羧酸的羧基和聚苯胺的氨基发生了酸碱中和反应,即成功的对聚苯胺进行了掺杂.紫外可见光谱说明酞菁铜羧酸掺杂后PANI在紫外区有强吸收峰,在可见光区吸收变宽.光电性能测试结果表明掺杂后酞菁铜使聚苯胺对光的敏感性增强,更容易受光子的激发,因而具有更优越的光电性.     

铜离子掺杂对TiO2纳米颗粒膜结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在普通的载玻片上制备了锐钛矿型TiO2和过渡金属Cu离子掺杂TiO2薄膜.通过XRD,UV-VIS,XPS,AFM表征了合成的薄膜,表明铜离子掺入后,薄膜变得更加致密.铜离子以Cu2O的形式存在.在紫外光照射下,TiO2薄膜表现出明显的亲水性.对于掺铜的TiO2薄膜,随着铜掺杂量的增加,铜(I)对亲水性能的抑制作用亦增强.     

Sn掺杂CdO透明导电薄膜的制备和光电性能研究

通过脉冲激光法在石英玻璃基底上沉积了锡掺杂氧化镉(Sn-CdO)透明导电薄膜.X射线衍射,分光光度计和霍尔效应仪检测了薄膜的结构、光学和电学性能.结果表明Sn的掺杂提高了薄膜[111]方向的择优生长,而且促使了(200)晶面衍射角增大.Sn-CdO薄膜的光学禁带宽度随着Sn掺杂含量的增加而变宽.另外,适量的Sn掺杂可以明显改善CdO薄膜的电学性能,比如2.9 at％ Sn掺杂CdO薄膜的电阻率是未掺杂薄膜的十二分之一,载流子浓度是未掺杂的十三倍.因而光学和电学性能的改良使得Sn-CdO薄膜作为透明导电材料具有重要的应用价值.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.