16MnR钢焊接接头表面纳米化及接头抗H2S应力腐蚀性能

采用超音速微粒轰击(Supersonic Particles Bombarding)技术对16MnR低合金钢焊接接头表面进行处理，利用金相显微镜和透射电镜对材料表面的微观组织进行分析。结果表明，经超音速微粒轰击处理可以使样品表层晶粒细化至纳米量级，表层晶粒尺寸平均为12．6nm，而且表层组织得到均一化。实验证实抗H2S应力腐蚀性能得到显提高。     

表面纳米化焊接接头力学性能研究

采用超音速微粒轰击(Supersonic Particles Bombarding)技术对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和16MnR低合金钢焊接接头表面进行处理,利用金相显微镜和透射电镜对材料表层结构进行表征,并测量了处理后焊接接头表层硬度、拉伸性能、弯曲性能和残余应力.结果表明:经超音速微粒轰击处理可以在焊接接头表层形成尺寸均匀的纳米晶组织,而且纳米化结构表层的硬度远高于心部,材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度均有提高.     

超音速微粒高能轰击16MnR钢表面纳米化的研究

采用冷气动力超音速微粒高能轰击技术对16MnR低合金钢表面进行处理,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X衍射方法对基体表面的微观形貌和结构进行分析.试验结果表明:试样经过超音速微粒轰击处理后可以使表层晶粒细化至纳米量级,平均晶粒的尺寸为14.2 nm;处理后表层主要产生压应力;处理后表层的显微硬度增加.     

2A14铝合金混合表面纳米化对电化学腐蚀行为的影响

采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)和表面机械滚压处理(SMRT)相结合的混合表面纳米化方法,在2A14铝合金上制备出梯度纳米结构(GNS)表层,对比研究了原始样品和常温空气及低温液氮环境下混合表面纳米化样品在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:经混合表面纳米化处理后,2A14铝合金晶粒尺寸由最表层约30 nm逐渐增大到基体的原始尺寸,塑性变形层厚度约130 mm,表面粗糙度R_a约为0.6 mm,表面微小裂纹消失.与原始样品相比,经过SFPB处理的样品耐点蚀能力没有得到提高,混合表面纳米化样品的耐点蚀能力得到提高,其中常温空气环境下样品的自腐蚀电位和点蚀击破电位分别由-1.01228和-0.29666 V升高到-0.67445和0.026760 V,耐点蚀能力最强.分析表明,表层晶粒尺寸纳米化、晶界显著增多、残余压应力以及表面粗糙度的改善有利于提高样品的耐点蚀性能.     

高能喷丸对TC4焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用高能喷丸对TC4焊接接头进行表面纳米化处理,利用光学显微镜观察了焊接接头各区域的横截面微观组织,对各区域表层晶粒尺寸进行了X射线衍射分析、采用洛氏硬度计测量了表层各区域的硬度,利用应力仪测试其不同区域的残余应力,并对其进行了表征。结果表明,高能喷丸处理后在TC4焊接接头表面获得一定厚度的塑性变形层,经过高能喷丸处理,在强烈塑性变形作用下接头各区域表层晶粒尺寸均细化到纳米尺度。焊接接头三个区域的表面层硬度一致,且高于高能喷丸处理前试样的硬度;残余应力测试表明,经高能喷丸处理后焊接接头表层各区域均为残余压应力,高能喷丸实现了焊接接头表层组织和性能的均一化。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面纳米化对耐蚀性的影响

对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢采用超音速微粒轰击(Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding,SFPB)进行表面纳米化处理,利用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜对试样表面形成的纳米品组织进行了检验.对试样表面进行了点蚀试验和动电位极化曲线测试,用扫描电镜对点蚀试样表面形貌进行了观察与分析.结果表明,超音速微粒轰击使试样表面层形成平均尺寸约20 nm的纳米晶组织,表面纳米化可以明显改善0Cr18Ni9不锈钢样品在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化特性,大大提高其抗氯离子腐蚀性能.     

超音速微粒轰击0Crl8Ni9钢表面纳米化的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)技术对0Cr18Ni9钢进行表面纳米化;利用金相显微镜(OM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究表层的组织结构变化,并进行了显微硬度测试分析.结果表明,经SFPB处理后,形成了约30 μm厚的纳米层.样品表层发生应变诱导马氏体相变;孪晶形变是0Cr18Ni9钢表面纳米化过程的主要变形方式;表面纳米化是晶粒细化与马氏体相变共同作用的结果,与基体相比,SFPB处理后材料的表层硬度显著提高.     

HVOF微粒撞击诱导镁合金表面纳米化工艺研究

研究了超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF, high velocity oxygen-fuel flame)微粒撞击诱导Mg-15Gd-3Y镁合金表面纳米化新工艺,分析了不同工艺参数对表层变形及纳米化的影响规律。发现撞击钢丸粒径大小、轰击距离和处理时间对表层组织和硬度分布具有重要影响。通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了表面自身纳米化处理后镁合金样品表层组织的形变特征和纳米化效果;利用显微硬度仪测试了样品从表面至基体的硬度分布;采用X射线衍射仪分析了纳米化处理前后样品表层的物相变化情况。检测结果显示,该工艺在镁合金材料表面成功实现了自身纳米化,表层晶粒细化至20 nm左右,显微硬度提高至2倍以上,处理后样品表层没有出现氧化     

高能喷丸对R60702焊接接头组织性能影响

采用表面高能喷丸工艺(HESP)对工业纯锆(R60702)焊接接头进行处理,利用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和背散射电子衍射(EBSD)方法表征微观组织、表层晶粒尺寸、微观畸变、梯度结构和晶体取向,利用表面粗糙度测量仪测量评定表面粗糙度,利用电化学工作站研究了R60702焊接接头耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,工业纯锆焊接接头经HESP处理后,试样表层形成厚约110μm的梯度结构,最表层晶粒达到纳米量级;在表面纳米化过程中,孪晶和位错滑移是主要的变形方式;HESP处理后,R60702焊接接头自腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度降低;HESP处理使焊接接头三个区域的表层组织均一化,自腐蚀电位基本趋于一致,有效抑制了电偶腐蚀。     

表面纳米化对SS400钢焊接接头应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用高能喷丸技术在SS400钢焊接接头表面层上制备纳米结构,利用透射电子显微镜分析研究了表面纳米晶层的结构特征,并利用XRD对高能喷丸表面纳米化处理后表面层残余应力进行了分析.同时,应用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了SS400钢焊接接头在敏感腐蚀介质硝酸盐溶液(98℃±3℃温度下,57%Ca(NO3)2+3%NH4NO3)中的应力腐蚀(SCC)行为.结果表明,经过高能喷丸处理后,试样表层的晶粒可细化至大约10 nm,且在表面形成残余压应力;高能喷丸表面纳米化可以提高SS400钢焊接接头抗硝酸盐溶液SCC性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.