卵磷脂/果胶锌复合凝胶球的制备及性能

采用滴制法, 以吲哚美辛(IDM)为模型药物, 皂化高甲氧化苹果果胶为骨架材料, 氯化锌为交联剂, 并复合卵磷脂(PC)制成吲哚美辛卵磷脂/果胶锌复合凝胶球。针对工艺参数对复合凝胶球粒径、粒重、载药量与包封率以及体外释药性能的影响进行了讨论。凝胶球均成均匀球形, 粒径1.13~1.42 mm, 粒重1.13~2.32 mg, 包封率范围70.72%~94.76%, 载药量范围5.84%~13.54%。同时实验结果表明, 卵磷脂的加入比例、药胶比(吲哚美辛与果胶的质量比)和皂化用NaOH浓度对复合凝胶球的形态、载药及释药性能均有明显影响。其中, 卵磷脂的加入使复合凝胶球载药性能和在模拟肠液中的缓释性能明显提高, 当卵磷脂与果胶的质量比为5:4, 皂化用NaOH浓度为30 g/L, 药胶质量比1:4时, 复合凝胶球在肠模拟液中8 h累计释药率为8.93%。稳定性实验结果表明, 在高温和光照的条件下放置, 卵磷脂/果胶锌复合凝胶球比原药及果胶锌凝胶球具有更好的稳定性, 显示出卵磷脂对果胶锌复合凝胶球在结肠定位给药系统的明显改善作用。     

果胶@壳聚糖复合凝胶微球的制备及释药性能EI北大核心CSCD

文中以天然多糖果胶和壳聚糖为原料,采用乳化交联的方法制备了果胶酸锌微球,再通过自组装壳聚糖层并用柠檬酸钠固化,得到了核壳结构的凝胶微球,将药物奥沙拉嗪封装在凝胶微球中,考察了其药物缓释性能。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱分析和荧光显微镜对微球形貌和核壳结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法对凝胶微球的制备进行了优化,并对微球的药物负载性能及在模拟结肠环境中的释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,果胶@壳聚糖载药微球的最高载药量和包封率分别为29.4%和37.3%,果胶@壳聚糖复合载药微球在pH=7.4的模拟结肠液中,前12 h内的释放量仅为35.29%,72 h后奥沙拉嗪的释放量达到了89.90%,而纯果胶载药微球前12 h的释放量就已经高达78.65%,体现了壳聚糖包封层在药物缓释中的重要性。锌离子在果胶@壳聚糖复合微球和果胶微球中的释放趋势与奥沙拉嗪一致,相比于果胶微球,果胶@壳聚糖复合微球具备良好的缓释性能,可用于治疗结肠炎症疾病。     

果胶@壳聚糖复合凝胶微球的制备及释药性能EI

文中以天然多糖果胶和壳聚糖为原料,采用乳化交联的方法制备了果胶酸锌微球,再通过自组装壳聚糖层并用柠檬酸钠固化,得到了核壳结构的凝胶微球,将药物奥沙拉嗪封装在凝胶微球中,考察了其药物缓释性能。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱分析和荧光显微镜对微球形貌和核壳结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法对凝胶微球的制备进行了优化,并对微球的药物负载性能及在模拟结肠环境中的释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,果胶@壳聚糖载药微球的最高载药量和包封率分别为29.4%和37.3%,果胶@壳聚糖复合载药微球在pH=7.4的模拟结肠液中,前12 h内的释放量仅为35.29%,72 h后奥沙拉嗪的释放量达到了89.90%,而纯果胶载药微球前12 h的释放量就已经高达78.65%,体现了壳聚糖包封层在药物缓释中的重要性。锌离子在果胶@壳聚糖复合微球和果胶微球中的释放趋势与奥沙拉嗪一致,相比于果胶微球,果胶@壳聚糖复合微球具备良好的缓释性能,可用于治疗结肠炎症疾病。     

羽毛蛋白/海藻酸钠复合载药微球及其缓释性能

以2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为模型药物,CaCl2为交联剂,采用挤压法制备了2,4-D-羽毛蛋白/海藻酸钠复合微球;借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪表征了复合微球的形貌和结构特征;探讨了羽毛蛋白和海藻酸钠的主要交互作用力;同时考察了不同比例羽毛蛋白对复合微球载药量、包封率以及缓释性能的影响。结果表明,所制得的复合微球的粒径约为1 mm;2,4-D以非晶态较为均匀地分散在复合微球中;羽毛蛋白与海藻酸钠主要通过静电作用力、氢键结合;羽毛蛋白的加入可以改变海藻酸钠载药微球的微相结构,有利于调节复合微球的载药量、包封率以及缓释性能;复合载药微球释药规律符合Korsmeyer-Peppas动力学方程。     

甘草次酸(β)海藻酸钠-羧甲基壳聚糖复合凝胶珠的制备及体外释放

以海藻酸钠-羧甲基壳聚糖(ALG-CMC)为载体材料,甘草次酸(β)(GA)为模型药物,采用滴制法制备了ALG-CMC负载GA的复合凝胶珠。采用体视显微镜与扫描电镜(SEM)观察了凝胶珠的外观形貌,考察了凝胶珠的溶胀性能和体外释药行为,以及CaCl2浓度对凝胶珠的包封率和载药量的影响。结果表明,湿态凝胶珠形态规整、粒径分布均匀,平均粒径约2900μm,包封率最高达85.7%,载药量为18.0%;CaCl2浓度对包封率和载药量几乎无影响;在pH=1.2的HCl溶液中凝胶珠溶胀率小、累积释放率低;在pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲(PBS)溶液中凝胶珠溶胀率大、累积释放率高。滴制法制备ALG-CMC凝胶珠条件温和、不接触有机溶剂,凝胶珠具有pH敏感性且能有效载药。该体系有可能成为GA的给药载体材料。     

超临界流体技术制备吗啡/聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物缓释微球

以L-聚乳酸-聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物(PLLA-PEG-PLLA)为载体材料,通过超临界流体强制溶液分散技术制备吗啡/聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物(MF/PLLA-PEG-PLLA)的复合微球,考察了PEG分子量的变化对微球性能的影响。通过表面形貌,粒径及粒径分布,载药量,包封率及释放性能来表征复合微球的各项性能;利用气相色谱法测定二氯甲烷和甲醇的残留量;通过溶血实验来评价复合微球的血液相容性。实验表明,所制备的复合微球呈球形或类球形形貌,平均粒径在1.99～6.20μm之间,载药量达到17.92%,包封率最高可至69.57%,复合微球的药物释放呈先突释后缓释的释药模式;二氯甲烷和甲醇的残留量分别为0.0076%和0.0016%;微球溶血率<1%,远小于国家标准5%,证明复合微球具有较好的血液相容性。     

高压静电抗溶剂法制备甲氨蝶呤-聚乳酸复合微球的研究

基于超临界CO2技术制备的甲氨蝶呤纳米粒为小分子模型药物,采用高压静电抗溶剂法制备甲氨蝶呤-聚乳酸复合微球。用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对该载药复合微球进行表征,并研究其载药量、包封率和药物释放曲线。实验结果表明,甲氨蝶呤-聚乳酸复合微球表面光滑,粒径分布范围在10～50μm之间;FT-IR表明,在高压静电抗溶剂过程中聚乳酸化学结构无变化,有利于其作为药物载体;随着理论载药量增加(2.5%、5%和10%),包封率减少(18.0%、7.1%和2.3%);甲氨蝶呤从聚乳酸微球中释放具有长效缓释的性能,无突释效应。     

海藻酸钠-胰蛋白酶微球的制备及药物释放性能

通过离子凝胶法制备出球形完好的海藻酸钠-胰蛋白酶微球.红外分析表明,微球中凝胶基质通过海藻酸钠的-COO-与Ca2+发生静电作用交联形成.SEM观察显示微球中存在蛋格结构及孔洞.考察了不同因素对微球载药率、包封率和体外释药率的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钠水溶液浓度越高释药率越低,当海藻酸钠与胰蛋白酶质量比为4,海藻酸钠水溶...     

基于凝固浴剪切法制备多孔实心聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)共聚物载药微球

以聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)为基质材料,采用一种新颖的流动凝固浴剪切法制备包载盐酸万古霉素的载药微球,并研究微球的形貌结构、粒径、包封率、载药率、体外释放性能及其影响因素。结果表明,所制备的载药微球平均粒径在15~29μm范围,微球呈现内部实心表面多孔的复合结构;微球的包封率及载药可分别在15%~75%和1.5%~9.3%范围内调控。微球制备过程中的工艺条件对微球结构形貌、包封率、载药率及释放性能有重要影响,通过调整微球的粒径,可有效减缓释药过程中的突释现象。     

壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石复合微球的原位合成及体外释药性能

采用原位合成法在乳液体系中制备了壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(HA)复合微球,并探讨了实验条件对复合微球制备的影响。结果表明,当壳聚糖/HA质量比为4/1时,可以获得球形规则,分散性好,平均粒径为9μm的复合微球。此外,NaOH溶液(1mol/L)的加入量应不少于3mL;交联剂(1mL)的最佳加入浓度为8%;向油相中先加入钙盐比先加入磷酸盐时的成球效果好。以盐酸四环素为模型药物,对复合微球的体外载药和释药性能进行了研究。结果显示,HA的引入大大提高了药物的包封率和载药量,而且使得复合微球比纯壳聚糖微球具有更显著的药物缓释效果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.