基于机器视觉的BGA连接器焊球检测

文章提出了一种基于机器视觉的BGA器件焊球质量检测方法。该方法在同一视点下,用相同光源分别以两种不同入射方向角照射被测BGA连接器焊球,获得两幅图像,然后得到BGA连接器焊球在x方向的曲面信息,以此计算出被测焊球的主要质量参数。最后给出了BGA连接器焊球检测的主要算法。     

基于点模式匹配的BGA芯片视觉检测与定位算法及其实现

点模式匹配是视觉测量中的一种新方法；针对贴片机生产中BGA芯片的图像识别对中问题，系统地介绍了BGA的视觉检测任务，提出了基于点模式匹配的快速定位算法；该算法针对BGA焊球分布特点，对传统点模式匹配算法进行优化，大大减少了运算量；现场实际运行结果表明该算法的速度和精度都能满足实际生产的需要，并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

BGA焊点气孔缺陷的特殊结构光质量检测

为了解决球栅阵列（BGA）焊点气孔缺陷的在线检测问题,开发了一种特殊的结构光检测技术。同时用环形红光和十字形绿光发射二极管（LED）照明BGA芯片,通过环形和十字形的中心,布置一个带有远心透镜的电荷耦合器（CCD）摄像机记录小球上红色圆环和绿色十字的图像。根据图像半径方向上的纹理频谱分布特征,引入人工神经网络（ANN）算法对BGA芯片的气孔缺陷进行检测。采用真实的BGA焊点进行实验,结果验证了方法的精度和可行性。     

基于图像处理的BGA封装器件缺陷检测算法

提出了一种BGA焊球缺陷检测算法 ,通过图像处理技术 ,检测BGA器件各焊球的中心位置、焊点直径、各行列坐标等参数 ,以检测是否发生焊球丢失、移位、焊球过大或过小以及桥连等缺陷 ,从而保证BGA器件的质量。     

机器视觉在线检测图像处理技术研究

传统在线检测处理技术一般是指通过人类肉眼进行检测处理,工作强度大,检测精准度低,已经无法满足高科技环境对图像检测提出的要求。基于机器视觉的角度对图像进行在线检测是一种最新技术,这种技术对图像的处理过程更加快速,处理结果更加精准,处理方法更加多种多样。对机器视觉在线检测图像处理技术进行全方位系统性地研究,阐述了机器视觉在线检测图像处理技术的主要内容,分析了处理方法,与传统技术进行了对比实验。通过本文的研究可以了解到机器视觉在线图像处理技术处理能力极强,稳定性极高,是未来对于图像进行检测处理的必然发展方向。     

在线检测产品疵点系统的DSP实现

为了提高出厂产品的质量,需要在生产线上对产品进行高速在线检测,该文采用基于机器视觉的检测系统来进行在线检测产品疵点。该系统采用类别共生矩阵算法建立纹理模型,采用CCD视觉传感、高速DSP芯片、USB数据传送等技术结合软件算法构成高速在线机器视觉检测系统。     

结合全卷积网络和K均值聚类的球栅阵列焊球边缘气泡分割

针对在球栅阵列（BGA）气泡检测中,由于图像干扰因素的多样性导致焊球存在边缘气泡与背景之间灰度级接近,从而造成焊球气泡分割结果不精确的问题,提出了一种结合全卷积神经网络（FCN）和K均值（K-means）聚类分割的焊球气泡分割方法。首先根据所制作的BGA标签数据集搭建FCN,通过训练该网络得到合适的网络模型,再对待测BGA图像进行预测处理得到图像的粗分割结果;然后对焊球区域映射提取,通过同态滤波法提高气泡区域辨识度,再使用K-means聚类分割对图像进行细分割处理,得到最终分割结果图;最后对原图焊球及气泡区域进行标注识别。将所提出的算法与传统BGA气泡分割算法进行对比,实验结果表明,所提出的算法对复杂BGA焊球的边缘气泡分割精确,图像分割结果与其真实轮廓高度匹配,准确度更高。     

基于机器视觉的芯片成型分离视觉检测系统的研究

芯片引脚是否合格,是成型分离制程检测的关键。针对这一问题,应用机器视觉和机器自动化技术,研制出实现成型分离制程芯片检测自动化的检测系统。实验测试表明,该设备具有较高的检测精度和检测速度,能够满足生产需要。     

基于5G和工业操作系统在芯片封装领域的机器视觉检测应用

1 背景 集成电路芯片已广泛应用于多个领域,但是制造过程中产生的缺陷会直接影响集成电路芯片的寿命和可靠性.传统的人工检测方法,存在耗时长、劳动强度大、误检率高等缺点,已无法适应生产的需求.通过机器视觉检测技术对产品进行分析处理,检验产品是否符合质量要求,对保障产品质量,提高产品合格率起到了关键作用.     

机器视觉工业检测系统的应用与发展

介绍了机器视觉工业检测系统的发展概况,阐述了机器视觉的研究已经从实验室走向实际应用的发展阶段,业已成为当代计算机技术研究的热点,获得了广泛的工业应用。重点讨论了机器视觉系统在实际工业生产中的应用及工业视觉检测原理、常用图像处理算法等。举例说明了如何利用模板匹配法对目标图像进行识别,从而实现对产品包装的检测。最后,指出在社会高度信息化发展过程中,在人类获取信息中占很大比例的视觉信息处理技术及机器视觉测量系统,将受到人们越来越多的关注。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.