超低硫钢生产工艺的研究与应用

莱钢银山型钢炼钢厂在超低硫钢([S]≤30 ppm)生产过程中,受原料、工艺条件等因素影响,终点钢水硫含量控制较不稳定,通过系统分析原料、转炉等工序对脱硫效果的影响,细化工艺流程,同时研究开发钢水固硫剂,使终点硫含量稳定在0.002%以下,满足了低硫钢生产需要。     

半钢冶炼过程回硫控制研究

随着西昌钢钒高级别钢种的不断开发,转炉控制硫含量越来越困难。为了满足低硫品种钢的要求,调查得出半钢冶炼过程回硫主要因素为脱硫渣未扒净、炼钢辅料带入及冶炼过程炉渣成分不合适。通过优化脱硫扒渣工艺、控制转炉入炉原材料、优化转炉冶炼工艺及出钢过程渣洗脱硫,转炉平均回硫由原来的0.003%降低至0.001%,回硫控制效果明显。     

超低硫X65QS管线钢硫含量控制的生产实践

介绍了永钢采用110 t电炉→LF精炼→VD精炼→连铸工艺生产超低硫X65QS管线钢硫含量控制的生产实践。各工序硫含量得到严格控制,电炉平均脱硫率16.35%。出钢过程用铝1 kg/t脱氧,同时随钢流加入石灰6 kg/t和精炼合成渣2 kg/t。LF炉采用喂铝线、复合碳化硅和铝豆对渣面扩散脱氧,造高碱度白渣对钢水深脱氧、脱硫,LF炉平均脱硫率89.2%,精炼结束后钢水平均硫含量0.000 93%。LF精炼结束到连铸工序过程平均增硫0.000 1%,最终成品硫含量平均0.000 9%。通过控制入炉料硫含量,提高LF精炼炉深脱硫能力,防止精炼后回硫等措施,生产的超低硫X65QS大圆坯硫含量符合下游客户要求,具备批量生产成品硫含量在0.002%以下的超低硫钢的能力。     

转炉冶炼低硫钢的控硫方法

分析了转炉冶炼低硫钢回硫原因,脱硫捞渣后残余渣量和废钢带入硫含量是造成回硫的主要因素。结合生产实践,通过工艺改进,转炉终点硫含量稳定控制在0.010%以内,具备低硫钢开发生产的能力。     

180 t RH真空精炼炉脱硫工艺开发及应用

针对铝镇静无取向硅钢成品硫质量分数超标问题,开发了RH脱硫工艺。通过选择合适的脱硫渣系以及工艺参数,使RH工位脱硫率达到30%~60%,W800系列无取向硅钢成品w([S])≤0.005 0%,达标率由72.19%提高至98%以上,同时确保了RH出钢w(T[O])0.002 0%,w([N])0.001 5%。通过转炉出钢和RH过程炉渣脱氧改质,将RH出钢渣中w((TFe))控制在3%以下,RH过程炉渣碱度保持在5.0以上,使渣-钢之间硫的分配比达到80~260,有助于提高RH脱硫效果。     

CSP厂钢包炉深脱硫分析与探讨

对CSP厂钢包LF炉脱硫的反应机理进行了分析,在此基础上,研究了炉渣成分对硫分配比的影响、钢水硫含量的变化情况。提出了最佳脱硫渣成分控制范围w(CaO):52%~57%、w(Al_2O_3):35%~40%、w(SiO_2)≤6%,w(FeO+MnO)≤1%;通过生产控制,钢包炉深脱硫后成品w(S)≤0.004%,满足了生产低硫、超低硫钢种的需求。     

攀钢低硫管线钢硫含量控制生产实践

 攀钢提钒炼钢厂采用w(［S］)为0.06%~0.12%的铁水炼钢,导致低硫钢的生产困难较大,结合攀钢X52NS,L245NCS等低硫钢冶炼的生产实践,分析了“铁水脱硫预处理—转炉—LF钢包精炼—连铸”全流程各工艺环节的硫含量控制技术。通过铁水脱硫预处理后将w(［S］)控制在0.003%以下,转炉冶炼工位采用含硫较低的辅料造渣以及LF工位控制钢水［O］活度等措施,生产出了w(［S］)最低为0.002%的低硫钢。     

马钢超低硫钢的生产工艺研究

在马钢生产X70、X80管线钢为平台的超低硫钢生产工艺的基础上,分别对转炉、LF精炼过程钢水硫含量控制进行了分析研究,研究结果表明转炉吹炼过程增硫主要来自于铁水脱硫渣和废钢中带入的硫,LF炉深脱硫主要取决于钢包顶渣的控制和强搅脱硫的搅拌功。通过工艺调整,使生产X70、X80管线钢时LF炉终点w[S]可稳定控制在0.005 0%以下,平均w[S]为0.001 1%。     

高品质中厚板低硫冶炼工艺优化

为了实现超低硫中厚板的稳定生产,对中厚板冶炼工艺进行了优化。转炉出钢脱氧合金化顺序调整为增碳剂—石灰、预熔渣—铝铁—硅锰合金,LF精炼进站后加入石灰造渣。工艺优化后,LF炉渣Al_2O_3含量控制在20%～27%,碱度控制在5～12。生产的Z25钢和Z35钢平均硫含量分别由0.004 5%和0.003 8%降到了0.003 6%和0.003 1%,硫含量小于0.004%的比例分别由25%和36%提升到57%和83%。采用铁水预处理,成品硫含量能稳定控制在0.002 0%以下,对有特殊需求钢种可以控制在0.001 5%以下。     

脱磷转炉回硫原因的分析和控制

基于某厂脱磷转炉的生产数据,对回硫机理进行了热力学分析。结果表明:脱磷转炉具有明显的回硫趋势,通过降低入炉铁水硫含量与控制辅料可实现低硫出钢。工业生产实践表明,在KR深脱硫和扒渣程度良好的情况下,通过使用低硫废钢,同时取消了冷固球团和矸石煤粉的加入,可以将脱磷转炉终点w(S)控制在0.003%以下。     

腹水B超诊断分析研究

目的:探讨超声对腹水的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.方法:对162例经B超诊断的腹水患者的超声声像图表现进行分析.结果:初步了解腹水性质及来源,为临床提供诊断依据.结论:超声检查成为腹水患者无创性检查和诊断的首选方法.     

B超诊断输尿管结石48例分析

目的:探讨B超在输尿管结石诊断中的实际价值.方法:对48例经B超检查而确诊为输尿管结石的患者资料及声像图特点进行回顾性分析.结果:结石大小介于0.2～1.8cm.左侧22例,右侧24例,双侧2例;上段结石15例,中段结石14例,下段结石19例.结论:在掌握输尿管的解剖特点的基础上,应用B超检查,能确诊输尿管结石的大小及部位,在临床工作中具有重要的应用价值,可作为诊断输尿管结石检查的首选方法.     

超纯铬铁标准样品的研制

从超纯铬铁的生产工艺和标准样品的制备过程入手,简介超纯铬铁研制工作。     

Inclusion control of ultra clean ferritic stainless steel

The most important characteristics of the ultra clean ferritic stainless steel is that the carbon,nitrogen and other interstitial elements are very low.The ultra clean ferritic stainless steel has been widely used for household appliances,auto exhaust system,elevator,water treatment system,building roof and other various fields,because of its low cost,pro-environment,excellent properties.They can replace some traditional austenitic stainless steel.such 304 and 316L.The addition of titanium to liquid steel has become common for stabilizing nitrogen and carbon in steel.Titanium reacts with nitrogen,carbon,and oxygen to form titanium nitride,carbide, carbonitride and oxide.These inclusions may have a deleterious effect on the properties such as toughness, ductility,weldability and corrosion.In addition,the inclusions can also agglomerate and cause surface quality problem of the slab and clogging of the submerged entry nozzle during continuous casting process. The formation rules of inclusions in ultra clean ferritic stainless steel were investigated by the thermodynamic calculation,and methods of controlling inclusions were put forward to improve the quality of product.The composition,type,amount,size and distribution of the inclusions in the slab are investigated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.The results can be concluded as follows.（1） In the slab,the main original inclusions,with size of larger than 2μm,are Al₂O₃,TiN or Ti（CN） and complex TiN or Ti（CN） inclusion with core of MgO,MgO-Al₂O₃ and Ti₂o₃,which will not affect the performance of the steel if they are in diffusing distribution.The size of these inclusions are less than 10μm except some Al₂O₃ inclusions in size of 10-40μm.（2） Foreign inclusions are Ti₂O₃-Al₂O₃-MgO-SiO₂ in size above 50μm covered by TiN or Ti （CN）.Although these inclusions are few,they do harm to the surface quality of stainless steel.It is able to reduce the risk of forming this kind of inclusion by aluminium deoxidation with increasing Al content to restrain the formation of Ti₂O₃.（3 ） TiN or Ti（CN） is easy to precipitate on inclusions such as MgO,MgO-Al₂O₃ and Ti₂O₃,except Al₂O₃.Controlling the content of[Ti]and[N]and the formation of the oxides can be used to control the precipitation of TiN or Ti（CN）.     

超高周疲劳的研究进展

论述了超高周疲劳研究的背景及意义,总结了近年来超高周疲劳的研究成果包括超高周疲劳的典型特征如S-N曲线、裂纹起源、起裂机理、影响超高周疲劳行为的因素等,介绍了超高周疲劳的常用实验手段,提出了今后超高周疲劳研究的课题。     

Gigacycle fatigue of ultra high density sintered alloy steels

Abstract

Sintered steel specimens with density levels of up to 7·6 g cm^?3 have been prepared from Cr–Mo and Mo prealloyed powders. The fatigue response has been studied using an ultrasonic resonance testing device that enabled testing up to 10⁹ cycles. It showed that the fatigue endurance strength can be drastically increased by raising the density and that the sintering conditions are effective, though less than the density. The existence of a true fatigue limit was disproved up to 10⁹ cycles for all materials tested, with sintered steels thus being similar to wrought ones. Cr–Mo steels was shown to be superior to Mo alloyed grades due to the markedly finer as sintered microstructure and higher sintering activity. Fatigue crack initiation was found to originate from pores at first at multiple sites, with microstructural orientation being dominant compared to the direction of stress; with progressive loading, some cracks join to form a propagating macrocrack from which the final failure then starts.     

超轻海绵铝的力学性能研究

采用复模铸造和渗流联合法、以可燃型聚氨酯发泡球为填充料制备了海绵铝(孔隙率92%~98%),研究了海绵铝的力学性能。通过分析可知,海绵铝的压缩曲线可近似划分为线弹性段、平台段、致密段3个阶段;由于孔棱厚度较小,孔结构极易发生破坏,导致海绵铝的屈服强度随着孔隙率增加而迅速下降;海绵铝的吸能曲线近似为直线;平台阶段其吸能效率在60%~80%之间波动。     

The development and application of ultra fast cooling in hot-rolled

Ultra fast cooling is a new technology which used to control the hot-rolling strip cooling in recent years on the international developed.If suitably cooperated with a number of other new controlled rolling technologies,can achieve fast and accurate temperature control in the hot-rolled strip production process to obtain corresponding transformation microstructure and ideal mechanical properties.This article describes the technical principle and layout of ultra fast cooling in hot-rolled as well as appli...     

微细精矿比例对烧结的影响及强化技术

为了提高国产铁矿石利用价值,要经过反复细磨,导致铁精矿粉粒度超细,对烧结过程及产量、质量指标影响较大。为了使660 m2烧结机高比例配用微细精矿粉,降低烧结原料成本,满足4350 m3高炉的生产需要,进行了试验研究。研究结果表明：随着微细精矿配用比例的提高,烧结料层透气性恶化,烧结液相生成能力减弱,铁酸钙生成量减小。为此,在优化熔剂结构及燃料粒度的基础上,进行了预成核技术开发应用,将部分精矿粉预先制成制粒核,减少物料中黏附粉的量,以强化物料制粒效果和成矿反应,使烧结矿结构改善。     

超纯铁素体不锈钢VOD脱碳模型研究

摘要：为了实现对超纯铁素体不锈钢VOD精炼脱碳过程的动态即时预测及控制,以酒钢宏兴不锈钢分公司100 t VOD炉冶炼超纯铁素体不锈钢的过程为研究对象,从顶吹氧气的分配行为和C Cr的竞争氧化出发,建立基于炉气分析技术的VOD动态脱碳模型,并在Matlab环境下开发相应的应用软件,得到全过程钢液成分、氧气分配比、温度等参数随时间的变化规律,对不同阶段的临界碳浓度给出估计范围。利用VOD出站成分以及精炼过程中CO/CO2的实际变化规律加以检验,与实际值吻合较好,较好地预测了实际变化趋势。