烯基聚醚含能黏合剂的合成与固化

以三羟甲基丙烷为引发剂、三氟化硼·乙醚络合物为催化剂、3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NIMMO)为单体,制备了三官能度的聚NIMMO(T-PNIMMO),随后在其端基共聚烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE),合成了烯基聚醚含能黏合剂(AGE-T-PNIMMO)。采用FTIR和NMR对产物进行了表征,并以四甲基对苯二腈氧化物(TTNO)为固化剂固化合成的烯基聚醚含能黏合剂制备出弹性体,考察了弹性体的力学和热性能。结果表明:该黏合剂具有低黏度(20℃黏度为8.93 Pa·s)、较低的玻璃化转变温度(-57.4℃)及可室温固化的特点;R(固化剂TTNO的腈氧基团与AGE-T-PNIMMO双键的物质的量之比,下同)=1.0时,得到的弹性体拉伸强度最高可达0.80 MPa,分解峰峰温为202℃。     

腰果酚缩水甘油醚改性环氧树脂胶接性能的研究

制备了腰果酚缩水甘油醚,主要研究了腰果酚缩水甘油醚改性环氧树脂胶黏剂的室温固化工艺性能、室温固化度、室温固化胶接性能和综合力学性能(压缩性能、冲击性能、硬度、拉伸性能)。腰果酚缩水甘油醚的添加量为10份时,固化1d的剪切强度与纯环氧树脂相比增加约164%,固化7d的冲击强度达到了10.36kJ/m~2,剥离强度与纯环氧树脂增加约178%。结果表明,腰果酚缩水甘油醚是一种综合性能良好的环氧树脂改性剂。腰果酚缩水甘油醚改性环氧树脂具有较好的使用工艺性能、胶接性能和力学性能。     

非离子复合型水性环氧固化剂合成及性能研究

以四乙烯五胺(TEPA)作为反应底物,与低相对分子质量的环氧树脂(DER331)和聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PGGE)混合树脂反应,再用单环氧封端剂苯基缩水甘油醚(PGE)和十二至十四烷基缩水甘油醚(AGE)作为复合封端剂进行封端,合成非离子复合型水性环氧固化剂。探究了最佳合成条件,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)对合成的产物进行结构表征,并考察了与水性环氧乳液固化后的涂膜性能。结果表明:最佳合成条件为物料比n(伯胺基)∶n(环氧基)=2.3∶1、初始反应温度65℃、反应时间3 h、复合封端剂的比例n(AGE)∶n(PGE)=3∶7。合成的水性环氧固化剂与水性环氧乳液固化形成的漆膜耐腐蚀性能优越。     

对苯二腈氧化物的合成及其对聚丁二烯室温固化性能的研究

以聚丁二烯液体橡胶（LPB）作为粘合剂,加入合成的1,4-对苯二氯代醛肟及三乙胺后进行1,3-偶极环加成反应,实现对聚丁二烯的室温(25℃)固化,以寻找最佳的固化比例。使用FTIR、核磁、质谱、对化合物进行结构表征;用FTIR对弹性体进行结构研究;拉伸强度和断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度对弹性体进行力学性能研究;TG、DSC、接触角和FSEM对弹性体表面性能进行研究。结果表明：合成的氯代-对苯二甲醛肟产率为94%,加入三乙胺后在室温下能实现对聚丁二烯的固化;固化剂含量为10%时,制备的弹性体的拉伸强度为0.35MPa,断裂伸长率为53%,模量为0.66KPa力学性能优异;固化剂含量10%弹性体的接触角为112.76?,达到最大值,弹性体疏水性能最好。室温固化弥补了传统固化技术中的不足,大大提高了弹性体的耐热性和力学性能。     

1,3-二(3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷的合成

以四甲基二硅氧烷(HMM)和烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为原料,在铂催化剂条件下合成1,3-二(3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(端环氧基封头剂)。研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、HMM和AGE量之比及加料方式对转化率的影响,结果表明,最佳合成条件为n(HMM)∶n(AGE)=1∶2.2,反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,催化剂用量为20 mg/kg(相对反应物总质量,以铂计),制备的端环氧封头剂转化率可达92.2%。     

NIPU低聚物的合成及多重固化塑胶涂料研究

采用环保材料合成可紫外光-热-潮气(多重)固化的性能优越的非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)低聚物,并制备了数码电子产品(塑胶)涂料.对自合成NIPU低聚物用FT-IR、DSC和GPC进行分析表征,考察了合成配方及工艺对NIPU固化物力学性能、漆膜等性能的影响.在0.5%四丁基溴化铵催化作用下,用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚和CO,在100℃、1.2 MPa下反应8 h,其转化率达84.3%;在50℃时用聚乙二醇二环碳酸酯、甲基丙烯酸环碳酸酯、异佛尔酮二胺和氨基硅氧烷所合成的Si-NIPU低聚物黏度(25℃)为89 mPa·s,Mn为1 249,d为1.35.用Si-NIPU低聚物配制的多重固化涂料黏度低、流平性达10级,漆膜附着力0级,硬度2H,热稳定性显著提高.     

(2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基)丙基二甲基叔胺的合成研究

以二甲胺(DMA)和烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为原料合成得到(2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基)丙基二甲基叔胺(AGE-DMA),产品收率可达99. 67%。所得化合物结构经过FT-IR和1H-NMR确认。得出合成AGE-DMA的最优化条件为:n(二甲胺):n(烯丙基缩水甘油醚)=1. 00:1. 05,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为6h。该方法具有合成工艺简单、反应条件温和产率高等优点,适合工业化生产。     

AG-80/YD-8115环氧树脂体系改性研究

采用甲氧基聚乙二醇、偶联剂和稀释剂分别对AG-80/YD-8115环氧树脂体系进行改性,考察了环氧树脂体系的力学性能和耐热性能。研究结果表明:m(YD-8115)∶m(AG-80)=1.57∶1时,w(甲氧基聚乙二醇)=17%、w(偶联剂)=3%、w(1,4-环己烷二甲醇缩水甘油醚)=2%(相对于固化剂和环氧树脂总质量而言),复合材料的拉伸强度可达14.3 MPa,力学性能、耐热和耐水性能都有大幅提升。     

三臂聚乙二醇/四氢呋喃星形嵌段共聚醚的合成及其聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能

以三臂聚乙二醇为引发剂、三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,在少量环氧丙烷助开环的条件下催化四氢呋喃进行正离子聚合,直接在聚乙二醇末端接上聚四氢呋喃醚链段,制备出了端羟基三臂星形嵌段共聚醚。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和凝胶渗透色谱对产物进行了表征,并测定了其相对分子质量和黏度。以合成的三臂星形共聚醚为原料,通过一步法制备了聚氨酯弹性体,研究了其力学性能。结果表明,对三臂星形共聚醚聚氨酯弹性体扯断伸长率的影响程度从大到小依次为固化温度、固化参数R值、1,4-丁二醇与星形共聚醚中的羟基比及催化剂用量,对拉伸强度的影响程度从大到小依次为固化参数R值、固化温度、1,4-丁二醇与星形共聚醚中的羟基比及催化剂用量。在固化参数R值为1.3、1,4-丁二醇与共聚醚中的羟基摩尔比为3/1、催化剂用量为共聚醚质量的0.6%、固化温度为65℃时所制备聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能较好,扯断伸长率可达2 553%,拉伸强度为3.02 MPa。与线型共聚醚相比,用所合成三臂星形共聚醚制备的聚氨酯弹性体具有更好的力学性能。     

非离子水性环氧低温固化剂的制备及固化研究

采用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、双酚A型环氧树脂、脂肪族多胺或芳香族多胺合成了非离子型低温干固化水性环氧同化剂.研究了采用不同种类的多胺制备的固化剂、聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚含量对固化剂外观、稳定性及固化性能的影响,研究了水性环氧体系的成膜过程及其活化期,讨论了不同的环氧/胺氢固化比例对最终固化性能的影响.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。