改性纳米SiO2填充低烟无卤阻燃聚乙烯的研究

本文选择了三种经不同表面改性处理的纳米二氧化硅，采用热分析（TG）对聚乙烯／改性纳米SiO2复合材料的热稳定性能进行了研究，并将其用于无卤阻燃聚乙烯体系，针对改性纳米SiO2对无卤阻燃聚乙烯的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明，与未改性纳米二氧化硅相比，经改性处理的纳米SiO2有利于提高复合材料的热稳定性能，延缓聚乙烯的热氧化降解，经适当改性处理，可使纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于聚乙烯。改性纳米SiO2显著提高了无卤阻燃聚乙烯的阻燃性能，在填料用量相同时，可获得力学性能和阻燃性能较佳的材料。     

纳米粒子改性超高分子量聚乙烯的性能研究

采用流动性较高的高密度聚乙烯为流动改性剂,纳米SiO2为成核剂,乙烯-丙烯酸酯类共聚物为相容剂,对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行了加工性能和机械性能等的改性研究。结果表明:高密度聚乙烯用量为10%~15%、纳米SiO2用量为2%~3%、相容剂用量为8%~10%时,得到的复合改性聚合物的力学性能和耐磨耗性均不逊于国内外市场上知名产品,综合性能良好。     

聚苯乙烯改性纳米SiO_2/低密度聚乙烯接枝聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备及表征

为制备接枝聚乙烯与SiO2的复合材料,赋予其新的特殊性能,首先,通过预辐照和悬浮接枝技术制备了低密度聚乙烯接枝聚苯乙烯(LDPE-g-PS),通过表面接枝制备了PS改性纳米SiO2(PS@nano-SiO2);然后,将LDPE-g-PS与PS@nano-SiO2熔融共混,制备了PS@nano-SiO2/LDPE-g-PS复合材料;最后,利用FTIR、SEM、DSC和电子拉力机等对材料的结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明:PS已经分别接枝到LDPE和纳米SiO2上;在PS@nano-SiO2/LDPE-g-PS复合材料中,SiO2在LDPE-g-PS内达到纳米级分散,并形成独特的纤维状网络结构;2wt%PS@nano-SiO2/LDPE-g-PS复合材料的冲击强度比LDPE-g-PS提高了99.3%;与LDPE-g-PS相比,PS@nano-SiO2/LDPE-g-PS复合材料的结晶温度升高,击穿场强比LDPE的高1.4倍。所得结论表明PS@nanoSiO2/LDPE-g-PS复合材料的性能较好。     

聚合物/疏水性SiO2超疏水复合涂层的制备及表征

使用低密度聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和疏水性SiO2为原料,通过简单的共混涂膜方法在玻璃基底上制得了具有超疏水性能的聚乙烯/疏水性SiO2和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/疏水性SiO2复合涂层;用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱仪等分析手段对涂层的润湿性能、微观结构以及表面化学成分等进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的两种聚合物/疏水性SiO2复合涂层的静态水接触角都超过150°,滚动角低至3.0°。聚合物和疏水性SiO2共混涂膜后形成了类似于荷叶的微纳米二元结构,是其表面具有优异超疏水性能的主要原因。     

SiO2纳米壳的厚度对羰基铁/SiO2核壳复合粒子的性能影响

以聚乙烯毗咯烷酮作表面改性剂，用溶胶-凝胶法，通过控制反应时间，在羰基铁粒子表面均匀快速地包覆不同厚度的SiO2纳米壳层，并研究了SiO2纳米壳层厚度对羰基铁／SiO2核壳复合粒子的抗热氧化性能、静磁性能、微波介电常数和吸波性能的影响．结果表明：增加SiO2纳米壳层的厚度，羰基铁／SiO2核壳复合粒子的抗热氧化能力提高，比饱和磁化强度出现最大值，矫顽力和剩余磁化强度出现最小值，微波介电常数单调降低；用其制备的吸波涂层材料在壳层厚度为15nm时，反射损耗≤-8dB的带宽达到最大值，超过10GHz，     

介孔SiO2负载和包覆的纳米金属颗粒的制备与研究

制备了以SiO2为核、介孔SiO2为壳的核-壳颗粒负载纳米金属颗粒以及介孔SiO2壳层包覆SiO2负载的纳米金属颗粒。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)作为模板剂,有助于介孔SiO2壳层包覆SiO2核的结构形成,介孔SiO2壳层的孔径方向垂直于SiO2核的表面;在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的稳定作用下,Pt纳米颗粒能均匀地分布在介孔SiO2壳层的表面。单分散SiO2颗粒经过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APS)功能化后,可负载纳米金属颗粒。进一步研究表明,以SiO2负载纳米金属颗粒为核,NH3.H2O,乙醇和水为分散剂,CTAB为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,还能制备介孔SiO2壳包覆SiO2负载的纳米金属颗粒,而且介孔SiO2壳层的厚度可通过TEOS的含量调节。     

纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料的研究

以纳米SiO 2作为增强材料,制备了纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料,并研究了不同的纳米含量对灌封材料性能的影响,采用透射电镜(TEM)对纳米SiO2粒子分散情况进行了分析.结果表明,纳米SiO2均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中,有效地改善了环氧树脂的力学性能,并且当纳米SiO2含量为3%时,纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料的力学性能最佳,其冲击强度和弯曲强度比环氧树脂分别提高98%和112%,同时电学性能也有所提高.     

改性纳米SiO_2/尼龙复合塑料性能的研究

采用熔融共混法制备改性纳米SiO2/PA6复合塑料,研究了纳米SiO2用量及其粒径对SiO2/PA6复合PA6力学性能、耐热性能和阻隔性能的影响。结果表明:纳米SiO2粒子在纳米SiO2/PA6复合材料中的分散增强了树脂之间的作用力;在一定范围内,随着纳米SiO2用量的增加,改性纳米SiO2/PA6的耐冲击性能、弯曲强度、拉伸强度和耐热性均有一定提高,而纳米SiO2粒径越小,力学性能提高就越显著;当纳米SiO2质量分数为2%~3%时,改性纳米SiO2/PA6透氧性最小,当纳米SiO2质量分数为3%~4%时,改性纳米SiO2/PA6透湿性最小。     

纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

以纳米SiO2作为增强材料，制备纳米复合材料，研究了不同的纳米SiO2含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响，采用透射电镜对纳米SiO2粒子的分布进行了表征，采用正电子湮没技术（PALS）测试了自由体积的尺寸及浓度。结果表明，当纳米粒子SiO2含量为3％时，自由体积浓度最小，纳米复合材料的性能最佳。     

季铵盐改性SiO_2纳米颗粒的制备及其抗菌性能

选用季铵盐作为抗菌剂,对纳米SiO2颗粒进行表面改性。对合成的季铵盐进行了FT-IR表征。通过FTIR、接触角、Zeta电位等手段研究了烷基链长度及纳米颗粒尺寸对改性纳米SiO2性能的影响,考察了改性纳米SiO2颗粒的抗菌性能。结果表明季铵盐接枝纳米SiO2颗粒表面带正电,随着烷基链的增长,疏水性渐强。抗菌测试表明,改性后的纳米SiO2对金黄色葡萄球菌有很好的抗菌性,24h可以全部杀死浓度为1.72×106 CFU/mL的金黄色葡萄球菌。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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