X波段4bit MMIC数字移相器的设计与实现

基于WIN 0.25 μm GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺,设计并制备了一款X波段4 bit单片微波集成电路(MMIC)数字移相器.22.5°和45°移相单元采用开关滤波型拓扑结构,90°和180°移相单元采用高低通滤波型拓扑结构.对拓扑结构工作原理进行分析,并采用ADS2014软件完成电路的电磁仿真及优化.测试结果表明,该4 bit MMIC数字移相器获得了优良的宽带性能,且与仿真结果吻合良好.在8～ 13 GHz频带内,移相器的均方根(RMS)相位精度误差小于6.5°,插入损耗优于-6.8 dB,RMS插入损耗波动低于0.5 dB,输入回波损耗优于-13 dB,输出回波损耗优于-9.5 dB.该4 bit MMIC数字移相器在相对带宽为47％的X频段内性能优良,适用于有源相控阵雷达等通信系统中.     

开关线型四位数字MEMS移相器

介绍了一种基于射频微机械串联开关设计的开关线型四位数字微机电系统(M icro-e lectrom echan ica lSystem s以下简称M EM S)移相器。该移相器集成了16个RF M EM S开关,使用了13组四分之一波长传输线和M IM接地耦合电容,有效地使开关的驱动信号和微波信号隔离,串联容性开关设计有效地降低了开关的启动电压。使用低温表面微机械工艺在360μm厚的高阻硅衬底上制作移相器,芯片尺寸4.8 mm×7.8 mm。移相器样品在片测试结果表明,频点10.1 GH z,22.5°相移位的相移误差为±0.4,°插损2.8 dB;45°位的相移误差为±1.1,°插损2.0 dB;在X波段,对16个相移态的测试结果表明,移相器的插入损耗小于4.0 dB,驻波比小于2.4,开关驱动电压为17~20 V。     

A Ku‐Band 5‐Bit Phase Shifter Using Compensation Resistors for Reducing the Insertion Loss Variation

This paper describes the performance of a Ku‐band 5‐bit monolithic phase shifter with metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) switches and the implementation of a ceramic packaged phase shifter for phase array antennas. Using compensation resistors reduced the insertion loss variation of the phase shifter. Measurement of the 5‐bit phase shifter with a monolithic microwave integrated circuit demonstrated a phase error of less than 7.5° root‐mean‐square (RMS) and an insertion loss variation of less than 0.9 dB RMS for 13 to 15 GHz. For all 32 states of the developed 5‐bit phase shifter, the insertion losses were 8.2 ± 1.4 dB, the input return losses were higher than 7.7 dB, and the output return losses were higher than 6.8 dB for 13 to 15 GHz. The chip size of the 5‐bit monolithic phase shifter with a digital circuit for controlling all five bits was 2.35 mm × 1.65 mm. The packaged phase shifter demonstrated a phase error of less than 11.3° RMS, measured insertion losses of 12.2 ± 2.2 dB, and an insertion loss variation of 1.0 dB RMS for 13 to 15 GHz. For all 32 states, the input return losses were higher than 5.0 dB and the output return losses were higher than 6.2 dB for 13 to 15 GHz. The size of the packaged phase shifter was 7.20 mm × 6.20 mm.     

Design of novel wideband reflective phase shifters with wide range of phase applications

This paper presents wideband compact differential reflective phase shifter based on the double layer slot-coupled coupler configuration. This novel phase shifter arrangement consists of a 3-dB hybrid coupler with the coupled and transmission ports terminated with rectangular and elliptically shaped microstrip loads. By altering the ports termination of the coupler, phase shifters propose differential phase ranging from −90° to +90° over 1.3–5.9G Hz frequency band. To achieve different range of phase performance, the proper reactance is calculated at the outputs of coupler. These reactances are transformed to the elliptical or rectangular-shaped microstrip load with various dimensions for every phase shifter. The calculation and simulations results show that the developed circuits could provide ±30°, ±60°, ±45° and ±90° differential phase shifts. For verification of this wideband phase shifter design method, two phase shifter example with rectangular and elliptical load termination is fabricated and measured. The measured return loss of the phase shifter with elliptically load is better than 10 dB over 1.3–5.9G Hz frequency band as well as insertion loss is less than 1 dB. The phase shift deviation is less than 2.1°. The results demonstrate that the proposed phase shifters are well suited for use in GPS/LTE/WiMax/WLAN frequency bands.     

X波段GaN基小相位移相器设计

基于0.25 μm GaN HEMT工艺,设计并制作了X波段11.25°和22.5°的小相位移相器单片微波集成电路(MMIC),两个移相器单元均采用低通开关滤波型拓扑结构.最终芯片面积分别为0.9 mm× 1.05 mm和0.95 mm× 1.05 mm.芯片测试结果表明,两个小相位移相器性能良好,且测试结果与仿真结果吻合.在8 ～ 12 GHz频带内,11.25°和22.5°移相器电路的相移精度小于2.8°,输入回波损耗分别优于-15和-12 dB,插入损耗值分别小于1和1.5 dB,幅度波动分别小于0.8和1.3 dB.两个移相器电路的1 dB压缩点输入功率均大于36 dBm,其功率容限优于GaAs HEMT设计的移相器.结果表明,所设计的移相器具有优异的相移精度以及良好的功率性能,可广泛应用于高精度和大功率的雷达系统中.     

6～18GHz四位数控移相器单片集成电路的设计

设计了6～18GHz频带4bitGaAs数字移相器,着重介绍宽带移相单元的设计。该移相器通过ED02AH0.2μm PHEMT工艺实现。最终的单片数字移相器性能如下:在6～18GHz范围内,11.25°移相单元的移相波动小于±2°;22.5°移相单元的移相波动小于±2.5°;45°的移相波动为小于±5°;90°移相单元的移相波动小于±5°。所有状态的移相平坦度小于20°,移相均方差<7°,插入损耗<13dB,两端口所有态的回波损耗<-10dB(典型值)。     

A Monolithic Single-Chip X-Band Four-Bit Phase Shifter

X-band GaAs monolithic passive phase shifter with 22.5°, 45°, 90°, and 180° phase bits are developed using FET switches. By cascading all four bits, a four-bit digital phase shifter with 5.1+-0.6-dB insertion loss is realized on a single 6.4 x 7.9 x 0.1-mm chip.     

X 波段铁电薄膜移相器设计

本文基于传输线周期性加载可变电容理论,设计了一种X 波段的铁电薄膜移相器。测试结果表明,随着偏压的增加,移相度增大、插损减小。在32 伏的直流偏压下,X 波段最大移相度为140°,最大插损为10dB,回波损耗优于-10dB。     

一种S频段反射型可调模拟移相器的设计

设计了一种应用于S频段卫星通信相控阵系统的反射型可调模拟移相器。该移相器利用三分支线定向耦合器扩展了带宽,改善了工作频段内驻波;采用传输线和变容二极管构成的L型反射负载扩大了相移量。测试结果表明,在上行频段1.98～2.01 GHz内,相移量达到191°±1°,在下行频段2.17～2.2 GHz内,相移量达到186°±0.1°;插入损耗优于3.3 dB且插入损耗波动小于1 dB,回波损耗在整个电压调谐范围内均大于20 dB。该移相器结构简单、便于调节且价格低廉,在卫星通信领域有一定的应用价值。     

A Novel Miniature 1–22 GHz 90° MMIC Phase Shifter with Microstrip Radial Stubs

A novel miniature ultra wide bandwidth 90 monolithic microwave integrated circuit phase shifter with microstrip radial stubs operated from 1 to 22 GHz is presented. The phase shifter exhibits a high performance. Within the whole bandwidth from 1 to 22 GHz, the phase error of the phase shifter is less than 3deg, the return losses of the different phase shift states are more than 14 dB, the insertion loss of all phase shift states are within 3.3plusmn0.5 dB. The chip size of this phase shifter is 1.4 mm times 1.8 mm times 0.1 mm. The proposed phase shifter can be compatible with different polarity control signals without the need of drivers and can also be compatible with either analogue or digital control signals.     

A Low-Loss Ku-Band Monolithic Analog Phase Shifter

A GaAs monolithic Ku-band analog phase shifter integrating 90° branch line coupler with planar varactor diodes has been fabricated for the first time. A phase shift of 109° +- 3° with an insertion loss of 1.8+-0.3 dB was measured from 16 to 18 GHz. A 360° phase shifter with 4.2+-0.9 dB insertion loss was realized in the same frequency range by connecting three phase-shifter chips in series. To our knowledge, this is the lowest insertion loss obtained by a 360° Ku-band phase shifter using monolithic circuits. In addition, hyperabrupt varactors using nonuniform doping profiles increased the phase shift by more than 30° and produced a more linear dependence of phase shift on control voltage.     

Ka波段开关线型MEMS移相器的设计与研究

面向现代通信及相控阵雷达领域的需求,设计了一种移相间隔为22.5°的Ka波段4位开关线型射频MEMS移相器。主要对实现移相功能的四个移相单元进行了设计,采用台阶补偿技术优化移相单元上下通路分工选通,以提供最佳的阻抗匹配;采用直角转角结构,设计了可提高CPW直角性能的延迟线,并对应用该延迟线的4位开关线型移相器进行了总体设计。用HFSS进行建模仿真,结果表明,在0~40 GHz工作频段内,16个状态的插入损耗均小于2.15 dB,回波损耗均大于19.18 dB,驻波比均小于1.25,在40 GHz频点处的相移误差在1.57°以内,整体尺寸为10 mm²。     

宽频带L波段360°模拟信号移相器的设计

该文介绍了宽频带360°模拟移相器的设计理论。针对移相器的线性调相、平衡插入损耗波动、宽频带等进行了详细的探讨,且推导出确定移相器频带宽度的目标函数。用CAD方法迅速而准确地优化各网络设计参量。采用微波集成电路工艺制作的L波段模拟移相器在1.3～2.1GHz范围内可获得360°连续可变相移,最大调相电压18V,中心频率线性度优于±2.5％,插入损耗波动小于3dB。综合性能均优于国内报道的移相器。     

Fin-line Pin diode BPSK and QPSK modulators

A low insertion lose fin-line PIN diode phase shifter is presented. 90° and 180° phase shifters are realized respectively. Phase error less than 5° and bandwidth 3 GHz at Ka band are achieved. The insertion loss is better than 0.5dB. The BPSK and QPSK modulators consisting of this phase shifter and fin-line coupler are also given. The circuits and results are given.     

A novel MMIC X-band phase shifter

A novel configuration for monolithic phase shifters is presented. The layout and fabrication of a single chip, four-bitX-band phase shifter, measuring 3.7 × 2.3 mm, is described in some detail. The first samples to be assessed exhibited full 360 ° coverage at the design frequency, operation throughout X-band, good matches, and an insertion loss less than 5 dB.     

A 2-bit RF MEMS phase shifter in a thick-film BGA ceramic package

The development of a thick-film hermetic BGA package for a radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) 2-bit phase shifter is presented. The measured packaged MEMS phase shifter average in-band insertion loss was 1.14 dB with an average return loss of 15.9 dB. The package transition insertion loss was less than 0.1 dB per transition with excellent agreement between simulated and measured results. It was also demonstrated that the RF MEMS phase shift performance could be improved to obtain a phase error of less than 3.3 degrees. The first reported measurements of the average rise and fall times associated with a MEMS circuit (in this case a 2-bit phase shifter) were 26 and 70 /spl mu/s, respectively. The advent of packaged RF MEMS phase shifters will reduce the cost (both design and building) of future phase arrays.     

基于ADS仿真设计X波段五位数字移相器

介绍了利用ADS进行X波段五位数字移相器的设计。描述了PIN管的开关特性、X波段五位数字移相器的电气特性、原理、电路设计及仿真情况。移相器采用PIN管管芯作为开关元件,5个移相位将呈线形级联布置。均方根相位误差小于3°,插入损耗在1.7~2.9 dB之间,回波损耗小于15 dB。仿真结果,满足要求。     

2.4 GHz continuously variable ferroelectric phase shifters using all-pass networks

Continuously variable ferroelectric (BST on sapphire) phase shifters based on all-pass networks are presented. An all-pass network phase shifter consists of only lumped LC elements, and thus the total size of the phase shifter is kept to less than 2.2 mm /spl times/ 2.6 mm at 2.4 GHz. The tunability (C/sub max//C/sub min/) of a BST interdigital capacitor is over 2.9 with a bias voltage of 140 V. The phase shifter provides more than 121/spl deg/ phase shift with the maximum insertion loss of 1.8 dB and the worst case return loss of 12.5 dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. By cascading two identical phase shifters, more than 255/spl deg/ phase shift is obtained with the maximum insertion loss of 3.75 dB. The loss figure-of-merit of both the single- and double-section phase shifters is over 65/spl deg//dB from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz.     

基于开口谐振环的毫米波差分移相器设计

该文提出了一种工作于30～32 GHz的毫米波差分移相器,其尺寸为30 mm×18 mm×0.127 mm。该移相器以微带线为基础进行设计,由中心圆环及一对开口谐振环(SRR)共同组成。通过改变中心圆环的半径大小实现在工作频段内的S参数优化。以参考线的输出相位为基准,通过改变开口谐振环半径依次实现22.5°、45°、90°的差分移相。结果表明,在所设计的频段内,该移相器的回波损耗小于-10 dB,插入损耗小于1.4 dB,仿真最大移相误差小于5°。该移相器结构简单,便于制造。通过实物样品测试,验证了其仿真结果的可靠性。     

Design and performance of a new digital phase shifter at X-band

A new digital phase shifter design at X-band is presented. The phase shifter operates based on converting a microstrip line to a rectangular waveguide and thus achieving the phase shift by changing the wave propagation constant through the medium. As a proof of principle, a 3-b phase shifter has been designed and constructed using PIN diode switches. An average insertion loss of 1.95 dB and phase shift error of less than 4/spl deg/ at 10.6 GHz are achieved.