向老师问路(三十二)

1995年2月,瑞典斯德哥尔摩市出现了免费的都会报--,在地铁等交通要道赠与行人,随后欧洲各国地铁火车等通勤地区开始效仿,陆续出现免费报纸,并且开始流行.2000年,免费报纸的概念传到美洲与亚洲,当时全球有50余种免费报纸,在20多个国家发行,总发行量达800万份.2006年,总发行量增加到3500万份.在欧洲,免费报纸最为流行,冰岛、丹麦、西班牙等国家免费报纸的发行量超过了收费报纸,希腊、匈牙利、意大利、立陶宛、葡萄牙、瑞士、瑞典等国发行量最大的报纸都是免费报纸.根据世界报业协会公布的报告显示,免费报纸已成气候、势不可当,且竞争激烈.丹麦的免费报纸就是最好的例子.     

Analysis and Suggestions for Process Control of Offset Platemaking

International Standard ISO 12218 applies to the process control of offset platemaking for the conventional technology. Based on the comparative analysis the paper shows the necessity of more strict process control for the CtP technology for which there is no common approach among plate manufacturers. Attaining the basic working properties of printing formes and quality parameters of image elements has been suggested as a basis of such an approach.     

"太湖新标"和周边纺企

记者日前从江苏省环保厅了解到,《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》新近出炉,于2008年1月1日起这一标准将在包括无锡、常州、苏州市辖区、南京市溧水县、高淳县,镇江市丹阳市、句容市等太湖流域实施.这是省委、省政府在今年5月太湖蓝藻爆发后,按照铁腕治污、加速调整我省产业结构、淘汰落后产能的要求,组织省环保厅、省质监局编制制定的.     

一些寿山石新品种的宝石学研究

对二号矿石、汶洋石、山仔濑石、房栊岩石、山秀园石、芙蓉石、大山石等一些近年来在寿山石市场上较为常见的寿山石品种进行了研究,详细测定了它们的密度、硬度和矿物组成等.研究表明,二号矿石、房栊岩石和大山石主要由地开石组成,连江黄石、山仔濑石和汶洋石主要含有伊利石,叶蜡石是芙蓉石和山秀园石寿山石品种的主要矿物组成.综合现有的研究资料,建议将寿山石分为田石系、高山石系、月洋石系和连江黄石系.     

创新与环保——纸盒业的双轮驱动力

纸盒业具有巨大的潜力,但生产商如果想要赢得更多的业务,就必须遵循"创新"与"环保"的发展路线. "创新"和"功能"是纸盒和纸盒成形业出现频率较高的词汇,即提供品牌拥有者和零售商所期望并能够花钱购买的产品,同时这个产品还填补了需求的空白.然而也有另外两个词与之威力相当,那就是"可持续(sustainability)"和"再生(recycling)".     

薄利广销加跟踪服务使工业盐销量连年递增——河南新乡市盐业局开创营销创新调研报告

简述了新乡盐业理清思路,更新观念,创新经营,培育市场.薄利广销,跟踪服务,实现供需和谐共赢的经验.为盐行业提供一个典型案例.     

奶香南瓜馅心制作工艺的研究

以南瓜为主要原料,配以花生油、白砂糖、炼乳和精制小麦粉等辅料,制作用于包子、月饼及包馅类点心的奶香南瓜馅心.结果显示,奶香南瓜馅心的最佳配料为在500 g南瓜泥中添加100 g白砂糖、70 g花生油、50 g炼乳和40 g精制小麦粉.该馅心具有南瓜香味和奶香味,色泽鲜亮,口感细腻滑润.     

美国油脂化学家协会在世界贸易中的作用——质量保障检测、有证标准物质和国际联络活动（网络首发、推荐阅读）

The American Oil Chemists’ Society(AOCS) is a volunteer-led association. AOCS develops and publishes methods of analysis for fats, oils, proteins, surfactants, and related materials according to accepted international standards to ensure equitable trade practices on a global scale. AOCS Official Method development has been going on for over a hundred years. The founding vision of AOCS in 1909 was "an organization designed for the development and advancement of analytical methods for cottonseed products." AOCS Official Methods are essential to world trade and are used to confirm the value of billions of pounds of oilseed-based commodities and finished products each year. In addition, AOCS conducts proficiency testing, provides certified reference materials, and collaborates with other standards developers including the International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. AOCS serves as a professional scientific membership organization providing current and emerging information as well as disseminating research results in oils, fats, lipids, proteins, surfactants, and related materials. Several avenues are used, especially meetings, publications, interest groups, networking opportunities, and web presence. Many scientists, experts, and others engaged in working in these fields find their professional "home" in AOCS. The AOCS Technical Leadership Committee comprises some of the most experienced AOCS members and scientists. The AOCS Technical Services department staff relies on this committee for guidance on scientific matters and for advice in prioritizing the opportunities facing AOCS.     

宰后肉成熟过程中的风味变化

介绍宰后肉在成熟过程中风味的变化,分别阐述肌糖原、蛋白质、脂类、核苷酸等几类化合物对肉风味的贡献.生肉很少有香味.并且只具有一种类似血腥的味道,但在宰后肉成熟的过程中所产生的丰富的具有味觉属性的化合物.以及香味的前提物质和风味增强剂对肉的感官性质产生巨大影响.     

航展主角——八一飞行表演队J-10AY表演机

正2014年11月,笔者终于如愿以偿参观了第十届中国珠海国际航空航天博览会,轰鸣的军用喷气式发动机给笔者带来了极大的震撼,而作为主场表演的中国空军八一飞行表演队以及装备的J-10AY表演机则可以称得上是当之无愧的主角。不仅仅是飞行表演带来的震撼,在地面做静态展示的01号表演机更让笔者这样的老军迷第一次有机会近距离接触这种从学生时代就让笔者魂牵梦绕的主力装备。在大饱眼福并且用各个角度的细节照片装满了相机的     

精梳机用梳理器材专件的技术创新与优选

通过对关键梳理器材及专件结构与性能特点的分析,阐明了国内外精梳器材及专件的创新技术方向,并概括出精梳梳理器材及专件的优选配套总体原则;指出我国现代精梳梳理器材及专件的技术水平与国际先进水平的差距正在不断缩小,部分国产精梳器材、专件的性价比优于国外同类产品.     

赛络纺纱钢领、钢丝圈的选配实践

为了提高赛络纺纱成纱质量,减少细纱断头,从钢领、钢丝圈的种类,卷绕过程中对纺纱的影响及其运动配合等诸多因素出发,论述了钢领、钢丝圈的选配原则,重点阐述了赛络纺纱钢丝圈运动形态的变化及钢领、钢丝圈的选配要求,通过纯棉、非棉纤维纺纱的选配实践,指出赛络纺纱线毛羽少,结构紧密,应根据纺纱纤维性能和纺纱特点,以纱线通道通畅降毛羽、运行平稳少断头、散热良好延长使用寿命为原则对钢领、钢丝圈进行选配。     

纺织检测技术与仪器发展的回顾及前瞻

由于数学、物理学、机械工程学、电子学，特别是微电子学、计算机网络技术和数据处理技术的发展，纺织检测理论和技术取得了长足的发展，纺织检测仪器的自动化水平、检测功能综合及复合程度都有了极大提高。随着市场经济的发展和全球经济一体化进程的推进，纺织材料品质检验工作将逐步完善实施第三方客观公证检验制度，并且将增加新的检测项目，数量逐步加大，逐步建立起以产品质量法为基准，标准和合同质量承诺相结合的质量保证体系。     

蛋白酶和脂肪酶对稀奶油-乳清体系发酵特性及风味的影响

通过测定发酵过程中发酵动力学参数变化,利用顶空-固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱法测定发酵60?h体系中挥发性风味物质,并进行主成分分析和感官评定,研究单独添加及复配添加蛋白酶和脂肪酶对稀奶油-乳清体系发酵特性及风味的影响。结果表明：风味物质以挥发性羧酸类、酮类和酯类为主。蛋白酶促进pH值下降、乳酸菌增殖和产酸,明显促进酮类生成,可增强体系的风味,提高风味品质;脂肪酶可引起滴定酸度大幅度上升,抑制乳酸菌增殖和产酸,但明显促进羧酸类生成,并产生酯类,可明显改变风味,赋予体系丰富的风味;复配添加后,结合2?种酶的特点,酯类产量上升,增香效果更明显,可显著改变风味,具有缓和大量挥发性羧酸带来的刺激性酸味作用。     

赛络集聚纺专件器材的选择和管理

为了稳定赛络集聚纺成纱质量,分析了专件器材对赛络集聚纺的影响和作用。分别对胶辊、胶圈、网格圈、钢领、钢丝圈、碳纤上销和压力棒隔距块及气动和板簧摇架等专件器材的选择和管理提出建议。通过对比,分析两种摇架的生产数据和普通上销及隔距块与碳纤上销及压力棒隔距块对赛络集聚纺的影响,最后强调加强赛络集聚纺专件器材的选用与管理,以进一步提高赛络集聚纺的成纱质量。     

中欧生猪屠宰检验检疫体系对比研究及对我国的启示

欧盟是世界第二大猪肉生产和消费地区,其屠宰检验检疫体系较为健全。本文以我国和欧盟生猪屠宰检验检疫体系为研究对象,从法律法规体系、官方监管职责、检验检疫人员从业资质及数量要求、收费体系、检验检疫范围和内容等角度进行对比分析,并针对我国国情,从四方面提出完善我国生猪屠宰检验检疫体系的具体建议。     

多糖与多酚相互作用机制及其对多酚特性的影响研究进展

随着多酚、多糖营养和功能特性研究的日益深入,多酚与多糖间相互作用及其机制引起食品学术界的广泛关注。本文对多酚与多糖间的非共价相互作用和共价相互作用及机制、影响因素及其对多酚理化特性、功能特性的影响进行综述,并对两者相互作用在食品加工中的应用进行展望。     

不同温度对弓鲤鱼与弓鲇鱼乳酸盐代谢网络通量的影响

本研究以鲤鱼和鲇鱼为实验材料,利用弓鱼技术研究不同温度对鱼类中心代谢网络通量的影响以及弓鱼在最适温度下离水存活的时间,并探究低温诱导鲤鱼与鲇鱼进入休眠以及实现活鱼离水贮运的可行性。将弓鲤鱼和弓鲇鱼分别放置于0、4、6、10、15?℃不同温度下（每个温度采用梯度降温）,测定不同温度下弓鲤鱼与弓鲇鱼血清中糖酵解途径、三羧酸循环和磷酸戊糖途径的代谢通量。结果显示,鲤鱼在6?℃、鲇鱼在4?℃时的中心代谢途径中代表合成代谢的戊糖途径通量最高;而代表分解代谢和呼吸强度的乳酸盐代谢通量最低,因此判定6?℃和4?℃分别为鲤鱼和鲇鱼的最优贮运温度,且可分别作为诱导鲤鱼与鲇鱼进入休眠的最适温度。进而在最适温度下进行存活实验,结果显示,在6?℃时鲤鱼离水存活时间平均可达48.93?h,最长存活时间为77?h;在4?℃时鲇鱼离水存活时间平均可达38.14?h,最长存活时间为70?h。以上结果表明,活鱼的离水贮藏运输是完全可行的,同时本实验为诱导鱼类进入冬眠或休眠提供新的方法和理论基础。     

Color characteristics and the influence factors of folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan北大核心CSCD

Embroidered shoes have a long history. They were popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and are still popular in the Republic of China. They are traditional folk clothing accessories in Jiangnan area. The folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan have great regional characteristics in shape technology and color and are rich in profound cultural connotation. They are handicrafts that perfectly combine traditional costumes and embroidery technology reflecting the unique charm of the costumes in the water town of Jiangnan. At present the researches on embroidered shoes in Jiangnan area are mainly analyzed from the perspective of manufacturing technology artistic characteristics and cultural connotation and rarely expounds its aesthetic characteristics and influencing factors from the perspective of color. Therefore the research on the color of modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes can restore the beauty of regional culture and help to carry forward and inherit Chinese traditional clothing culture. This paper made physical color measurement quantitative and qualitative statistics on the color of modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes which were collected in the Folk Costume Museum of Jiangnan University. It summarized the color characteristics of Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes analyzed the color aesthetics from three angles color layout color composition form and color implementation technology and explored the influence factors of the color formation of modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes from four aspects natural environment history and culture ideological belief and living customs. The research shows that the color of folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan has obvious regional characteristics. Most of the main colors are simple and elegant mostly black navy blue and blue and decorated with red blue yellow and green with high saturation and high brightness. They form a color combination of "great unity and small contrast". The overall patterns of embroidered shoes are full of rhythm which can reflect the interest of the material and spiritual life of the Han nationality and contain profound cultural connotation. Its exquisite embroidery technology also enhanced the visual impact of embroidered shoes and the aesthetic value of patterns. Modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes have harmonious color proportion unique form and exquisite implementation technology. The local regional environment has a certain impact on the color composition of embroidered shoes. The humid and rainy climate the realistic and pragmatic Wu cultural concept the fresh and inaction color concept and the living customs of rice farming create the simple and elegant color image of Jiangnan folk costumes and highlight the gentle and beautiful image of Jiangnan women. This paper payed attention to the combination of empirical research and mathematical statistics excavated the influence of regional environment on the color of folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan integrated art science and geography to explore the regional characteristics of costume color. In the future research we can further explore the age and occupation of the people wearing embroidered shoes in Jiangnan so as to make the research content more perfect. © 2022 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.