Microstructure and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Al-Mg-Sc Alloy Plates

采用搅拌摩擦焊对铝镁钪合金热轧板和冷轧-退火板进行焊接。测定焊接接头的硬度分布和拉伸力学性能,采用金相和透射电子显微技术分析焊缝区显微组织特征和力学性能的关系。结果表明,热轧板和冷轧-退火板搅拌摩擦焊焊接系数高达92%;焊接接头上焊核区硬度最低、拉伸断口位于焊核区;焊核区在热循环作用下发生部分再结晶导致的亚结构强化的减弱以及Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子共格强化作用的消失是搅拌摩擦焊焊核区强度下降的主要原因。     

复合孕育剂Ti、Zr对2519铝铜合金焊缝组织及性能的影响

采用3种焊丝对2519铝铜合金进行MIG焊,研究了孕育剂Ti、Zr对焊缝组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Ti和Zr的细化作用是相容的,当焊丝中单独添加孕育剂Ti或Zr时,焊缝几乎由粗大的柱状晶组成;焊丝中复合添加少量的孕育剂Ti和Zr时,Ti和Zr在熔池中分别形成Al3Ti和Al3Zr,促进了α(Al)非均质形核;随着焊丝中Ti和Zr含量的增加,焊缝组织逐步细化,当焊丝中Ti和Zr含量较高时,Ti和Zr还在熔池中形成大量的Al3(Ti,Zr)质点,促进α(Al)非均质形核;焊缝组织由细小均匀的等轴晶组成,显著提高了接头强度和塑性。     

Al3Zr/Al基原位复合材料等离子体焊接区的组织及表面腐蚀行为

摘要： 本文以5wt%Al3Zr/铝基复合材料为研究对象,以Ar气体为离子气体,Al-Ti-B为丝材进行等离子焊接。用电化学综合测试仪测定了焊接区在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀极化曲线。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对复合材料及其焊缝的组织和相组成进行了分析和表征,研究了Al3Zr/Al基复合材料等离子焊接后在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机理。SEM分析结果表明,等离子弧焊接可获得较好的焊缝组织,焊缝组织主要由Al3Ti相和Al基体组成,Al3Ti相呈条状和球形。电化学极化曲线表明,材料在熔核处的耐蚀性略低于母材,焊缝处浸泡腐蚀机理为Al3Ti相和基体相的电极电位不同形成原电池反应造成。     

Al3Zr析出相对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金板组织、织构与性能的影响

采用不同均匀化制度获得了Al3Zr粒子在晶界析出状态存在显著差异的两种Al-7.81Zn-1.62Mg-1.81Cu(7085型)合金铸锭试样,研究两种铸锭试样热轧板的微结构、织构和性能。结果表明:分级均匀化可促进Al3Zr粒子在晶界区域的析出;均匀化过程中Al3Zr粒子晶界析出量越少,热轧后轧制形变织构组分越强;与基体共格的Al3Zr粒子既能阻碍基于应力作用的位错运动,使轧制形变织构减弱,又能阻碍亚晶界/晶界的热激活运动,影响热轧过程中的动(静)态回复和再结晶,提高材料时效后的硬度,延长峰值硬度存在时间,从而提高材料的力学性能。     

结构弛豫对Zr_(64.13)Cu_(15.75)Ni_(10.12)Al_(10)块体非晶合金硬度和剪切带特征的影响

通过接近玻璃转变温度的等温退火获得不同弛豫状态的Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10块体非晶合金样品。利用维氏显微硬度计和洛氏硬度计研究结构弛豫对合金硬度和压痕周围剪切带特征的影响规律。结果表明:在590K等温退火处理使Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10块体非晶合金发生焓弛豫行为,其维氏显微硬度随退火时间的延长较快增加后趋于稳定,而大载荷洛氏硬度对结构弛豫不敏感。通过洛氏压痕周围剪切带特征的研究,定量比较了结构弛豫对剪切带间距、数量的影响规律。     

Effect of interlayer on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Ti ultrasonic welds

Joints of Al6061 and Ti6Al4?V alloys with pure Al-particle interlayers were conducted using ultrasonic spot welding. The microstructure, hardness, lap shear strength and fracture energy were measured for different welding energies. With increasing welding energy delivered through the sonotrode, the lap shear strength of the joints increased, reaching about 106?MPa at a welding energy of 1100?J, at which failure occurred in the pull-out mode. In the weld region, the hardness of Al6061 alloy increased with increasing weld energy, whereas the hardness of Ti6Al4?V did not change discernibly. No brittle intermetallic compounds were observed in the joints. Moreover, two simple mechanisms were described for the formation of ultrasonic spot-welded Al–Ti joints with and without the pure Al interlayer.     

Al-Cu based welding wire with minor Sc-Zr alloying and its application

1　INTRODUCTION2 195aluminum lithiumalloyisanewkindofaerospacestructuralmaterialswithlowdensity ,highspecificstrengthandspecificmodulusaswellasexcel lentlowtemperature performances[13] .Although2 195alloyhasexcellentcombinedproperties ,thereisstillaproblemofhowtoguaranteeitsweldingjointwithalsosuch goodcombined properties[4 ] .Duetotheinfluenceofweldingheatinputduringwelding ,microstructureandpropertiesofaluminum lithiumal loywillbechangedalot,andthestrengthofHAZ(heat affectedzone)obtaine…     

Influence of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Zr–(Al–)N coatings with low and high Zr content

Low Zr (S1) and high Zr (S2) quaternary Cr–Zr–(Al–)N coatings with increasing Al content were deposited by d.c. reactive magnetron sputtering. The structure, fracture cross-section morphology and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation, scratch testing and Vickers micro-indentation testing. All the coatings present an fcc NaCl-type B1 structure; in the low Zr content coatings, the diffraction peaks shift towards higher angles as the Al content increases. The grain size is approximately constant in a range from 6 to 8 nm, except for high Zr content films where a significant decrease in crystalline order is observed (grain size ~ 2.5 nm). In both series, the microstructure changed from equiaxed to columnar with increasing Al content. The highest hardness and strongest adhesion values were achieved in coatings with lower Zr and Al content. Conversely, the coatings with high Zr and the highest Al content exhibited an abrupt decrease in hardness, adhesion strength and toughness.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND DECOMPOSITION OF RS Al-Fe-Cr-Zr ALLOY

ＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＥＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＳＡｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－ＺｒＡＬＬＯＹ￥ＸｉａｏＹｕｄｅ；ＬｉＳｈｏｎｇｒｕｉ；ＸｉｅＹｏｎｇａｎ；ＸｕＹｉｈｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉ...     

磁控溅射沉积硬韧 ZrAlN 薄膜及薄膜力 学性能

目的获得具有高硬度、高韧性的ZrAlN薄膜。方法采用磁控溅射技术在钛合金和单晶Si上沉积不同Al含量的ZrAlN薄膜,对薄膜的微观组织和相结构进行表征,并测试薄膜的硬度(H)、弹性模量(E)和断裂韧性(KIC)。结果当Zr1-xAlxN薄膜x分别为0.05,0.23,0.47,0.63时,对应的硬度依次为24.5,40.1,17.1,19.1 GPa,断裂韧性依次为1.47,3.17,1.13,1.58 MPa·m-0.5。x为0.05和0.23时,Al固溶到ZrN晶粒中,形成NaCl型面心立方(FCC)结构;x为0.47和0.63时,则形成纤锌矿密排六方(HCP)AlN第二相。结论 ZrAlN薄膜的硬度和韧性与相组成密切相关。Al固溶时,ZrAlN的硬度较高,韧性较好;超过固溶极限,形成六方AlN时,ZrAlN硬度较低,韧性较差。相比之下,Zr0.77Al0.23N薄膜同时具备最高的硬度和最高的韧性。     

复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti对Al-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用布氏硬度计、金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了微量Sc、Zr、Ti以及Mg含量对Al-Mg合金的显微组织与布氏硬度的影响。结果表明,单独添加Sc、Zr元素的合金与未添加的Al-Mg合金的铸态组织相比,合金的晶粒组织得到了一定的细化,复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti3种元素的合金铸态组织的晶粒细化程度更为明显。同时在Sc、Zr、Ti相同含量下,Mg元素的增加也能进一步细化合金的晶粒组织,这是由于Mg元素固溶强化的结果,使得合金的布氏硬度提高。对Al-10Mg-Sc-Zr-Ti合金进行均匀化退火处理后,合金的硬度较铸态组织提高了10%,这是Al3(Sc1-xZrx)、Al3(Sc1-xTix)及Al3(Sc1-x-yZrxTiy)大量沉淀相二次析出,弥散度增大、分布更加均匀的结果。     

均匀化时间对7085铝合金淬火敏感性的影响

采用末端淬火实验、光学显微镜（0M）、扫捕电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究均匀化时间对7085铝合金淬火敏感性的影响。结果表明,均匀化时间从48h延长至384h,淬火敏感性有所增加,端淬试样经人工时效后硬度的最大差值从5．2％增加到6．9％。均匀化时间延长对晶粒组织没有影响,但促使丁相的溶解,增加Al3Zr弥散粒子的尺寸,减小其密度。慢速淬火时,在晶内的Al3Zr弥散粒子上能观察到一些尺寸较小的淬火析出η相,这降低了时效后的硬度。Al3Zr粒子特征的变化对淬火敏感性影响很小。     

锆基激光熔覆涂层组织结构及性能

在纯钛(TA2)基体上激光熔覆了Zr65Al75Ni10Cu17.5合金粉末，对涂层进行了XRD，SEM和TEM分析。研究发现，涂层由金属间化合物 少量的非晶组成。这种具有高比强度、高硬度和高抗氧化性的金属间化合物与非晶相的复合组织，具有较好的力学性能。在Zr65Al75Ni10Cu17.5合金粉末中添加w(B)2％和w(Si)2．75％，发现涂层中非晶含量增加，硬度升高。两种涂层的最高硬度分别达到HK909．6和HK1444．8。     

Effect of Cr and Zr on the grain structure of extruded EN AW 6082 alloy

The effects of Cr and Zr addition on the coarse grain surface layer in EN AW 6082 tube extrusions were investigated. The decoration of the tube surfaces and the weld seams with coarse recrystallized grains reflects the strain as well as the temperature gradients that predominate across the section of the tubes during extrusion. The recrystallization resistance provided by Mn does not suffice to avoid the coarse surface grains. With structural features that are almost identical to those of the base 6082 alloy, the 6082 alloy with 0.06 wt% Zr also fails to offer any improvement. The coarse grain surface layer is much thinner and recrystallization is entirely avoided across the weld seams upon the addition of 0.15 wt% Cr. The superior recrystallization resistance of the revised alloy is attributed to the increase in the population of the Cr-rich Al(Cr,Mn,Fe)Si as well as (Al, Si)₃Zr dispersoid particles. It is reasonable to conclude that the coaddition of Zr and Cr has a favourable impact on the resistance to recrystallization of EN AW 6082 alloy.     

Effect of Zr Addition on Resistance to High Temperature Softening and Resistivity of 6082 Al-Mg-Si Alloys

The influence of zirconium on the resistance to high temperature softening of 6082 Al-Mg-Si alloys has been researched. The softening process of 6082 alloys with Zr and without Zr, isothermally conditioned at 250℃, has been investigated. The results show the inclusion of Zr inhibits the decrease of HB in hardness(HB) compared with the alloys without Zr. This is due to the Zr and Al forming coherent dispersoid-Al3Zr, and Al3Zr particles within an Al matrix, which effectively restricts grain boundary movement. A study is also carried out to investigate the changes in resistivity, which occurs during the ageing of alloys containing Zr, compared to those without Zr. It is found that in both cases there is an initial rapid rise in resistivity followed by a slower rise in resistivity as ageing proceeds. The value of resistivity is lower for 6082 alloys with Zr compared with 6082 alloys without Zr; this is explained in terms of the role of Zr in the 6082 alloys.     

Ti、Zr对纯铝微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过向工业纯铝中单独或复合添加微量Zr、Ti元素,研究了Zr、Ti合金化对纯铝微观组织、力学性能及抗细化衰退性能的影响。结果表明:Zr元素能显著提高纯铝的硬度,对晶粒有一定的细化作用,但其细化效果远不及Ti;Ti元素具有较强的晶粒细化效果,但对合金的硬度影响较Zr元素小;当Zr、Ti复合添加时,Ti能明显改善Zr元素对晶粒的细化能力,使细化后的合金达到强度、硬度和塑性的合理匹配。Zr、Ti复合孕育剂具有良好的抗晶粒细化衰退性能,这很大程度上取决于Al3(Ti,Zr)粒子优异的晶粒细化性能、热稳定性能及抑制晶粒长大性能。     

含Sc和Zr的2618铝合金冷轧板材退火时组织性能的变化

测量了含微量Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ的２６１８铝合金冷轧板材退火时的硬度变化 ,用金相显微微镜和透射电镜观察了合金的显微组织。结果发现加入Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ后,合金中生成的细小弥散的共格Ａｌ３质点可有效地钉轧位错。稳定结构,阻止晶界推移从而抑制合金退火时再结构的发生,对提高２６１８合金的耐热性能有利。     

Cathodic arc plasma deposition of nano-multilayered Zr-O/Al-O thin films

Thin films of Zr-O/Al-O were deposited on SKD 11 tool steel substrate using Zr and Al cathodes in a cathodic arc plasma deposition system. The substrates were mounted on a rotating holder which alternatively exposed them to plasma from the two cathodes. The influence of the Zr and Al cathode arc currents and the substrate bias on the mechanical and the structural properties of the films were investigated. Films with a nano-layered structure of alternating Al-rich and Zr-rich layers were obtained. The Zr layers contained nano-crystallites of (101) oriented t-ZrO structure. Crystallites with α-Al₂O₃ structure were observed only when the substrate was negatively biased in the 100-150 V range. The hardness of the film decreased with the increase of Zr cathode current from 60 to 80 A, increased when the Al cathode current increased from 25 to 30 A, and decreased when the Al cathode current increased from 30 to 35 A. The hardness of the film increased with the increase of bias voltage up to − 150 V and then decreased with further increase of the negative bias. The film structure was elucidated by HRTEM microscopy. Good correlation between the residual stress and the hardness enhancement of the films was observed.     

铝硅镀层钢激光填丝焊接接头组织和性能

对铝硅镀层热成形钢进行激光填丝焊接试验,研究填充焊丝对焊接接头显微组织、力学性能及拉伸失效机制的影响. 结果表明,在激光自熔焊条件下,焊缝中平均Al元素含量为1.90%(质量分数),显微组织为马氏体和粗大的δ铁素体,焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1 340 MPa和1.80%,因δ铁素体与马氏体之间存在显著的硬度差(142 HV),拉伸时裂纹源于δ铁素体和马氏体之间的相界面. 在激光填丝焊条件下,焊缝平均Al元素含量降低至0.96%,由于填充焊丝对铝的稀释作用使得焊缝为全马氏体组织,焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提升至1 510 MPa和4.4%. 因填充焊丝同时对焊缝中的碳也有稀释作用,焊缝中马氏体硬度(491 HV)低于母材中马氏体(523 HV),拉伸时裂纹于马氏体内部萌生并扩展,最终断裂于焊缝.     

粉末冶金Al3(Zr,Ti)/Al复合材料的组织与性能

为了研究Zr含量变化对Al-Ti-Zr铝基复合材料组织与力学性能的影响,以纯Al粉末作为基体材料,纯Ti粉和纯Zr粉作为增强体材料,采用粉末冶金原位合成法在750℃烧结制备了Al-Ti-Zr复合材料。随后将烧结制备的复合材料加热到400℃进行热压变形处理,测试其组织和性能的变化。结果表明:在Al-Ti-Zr三元体系中,复合材料内部通过置换反应生成Al3(Zr,Ti)化合物;随着Zr含量的增加,复合材料的组织更加均匀、致密化,其抗拉强度、硬度逐渐增加,抗拉强度最大值为227.66 MPa,硬度最大值为132.83 HV0.025;复合材料的耐腐蚀性能随着Zr含量的增加呈现下降趋势,在Zr含量为5%时,复合材料的耐腐蚀性能最佳,其腐蚀电位为-0.67661 V,腐蚀电流密度为1.0214×10^-6 A/cm^2。