序列图像轴对称物体中轴线提取方法

针对轴对称目标三维姿态参数中的偏航角、俯仰角的提取问题,提出了一种自动提取目标中轴线方法.该方法运用自适应Canny算子检测目标边缘,改进的Hough变换获得边缘图像中各条直线边缘的坐标点;通过优化的最小二乘算法将各条直线边缘的坐标点进行拟合获得边缘直线方程;结合序列图像中目标特性,检测出边缘直线中特定的两条平行直线进而获得目标的中轴线方程.实验表明:该方法能够有效地、高精度地提取轴对称目标的中轴线,提取的中轴线平均角度误差为0.022°.     

基于直线提取的机场跑道识别方法

针对红外机场跑道图像的结构特点,提出了一种机场跑道识别和提取跑道中心点的算法。首先对红外图像进行空域滤波;然后采用Sobel算子提取边缘图像;接着提取所有可能的直线段,并计算它们的参数;接着对找到的直线段进行连接性测试,得到最终的直线提取结果;最后从找到的所有直线中搜索平行直线对,从中识别出机场主跑道的边缘,计算出跑道中心点。大量的仿真实验证明这种方法可以红外图像中准确、快速地识别出机场跑道和提取跑道中心点。     

改进的Freeman链码在边缘跟踪 及直线提取中的应用研究

针对传统链码用于边缘跟踪过程中易产生边缘断裂,提出一种改进的Freeman链码用于边缘跟踪及直线提取。该算法在链码跟踪过程中,记录链码起点,优先跟踪位于边缘方向上的点。对当前点,先进行基于Freeman链码八邻域内跟踪,在八邻域内没有边缘点的情况下,再进行八邻域外链码跟踪。然后对跟踪后得到的边缘链码进行分裂提取直线链码。实验结果表明,该算法不仅能有效提取直线,而且能提取曲线边缘,并且保持完好的边缘连续性,避免后续直线合并。      

基于改进Hough变换的直线检测算法

针对传统Hough变换算法检测直线时容易出现误检的缺点,提出一种基于改进Hough变换的直线检测算法.首先根据种子点的参数化结果,对图像中的点实现聚类,划分图像区域,然后对划分在同一区域的点进行特殊区间的详细参数化,确定直线参数,最终将该直线周围的点置为背景点,继续区域划分和直线检测,直到图像中不再存在种子点.该算法实现了对不同区域的点进行特殊的、有针对性的参数化,同一区域的点只允许对一条直线的检测投票.实验表明,与传统的Hough变换算法和文献中算法相比,该算法减小了误检率,并且对断裂边缘具有较好的鲁棒性.     

梯度方向图像分解的直线边缘提取算法

针对复杂背景下的直线边缘提取问题,提出了一种基于梯度方向图像分解,然后累积投影的直线边缘提取算法。该方法首先把图像分解成梯度方向子图像,再在子图像梯度垂直方向上进行投影,得到8个方向的投影序列。接着,对投影序列进行了二次非线性回归分析,得到了投影序列的残差序列,滤除原投影序列的低频成份。然后,提出了基于奇异点的支持邻域能量的判定方法,解决了残差序列奇异点提取问题,得到了直线边缘的位置。最后,建立了图像模型,分析了图像复杂度和可提取的直线边缘长度的关系,并进行了实验。该方法可以对直线边缘空间中的75%的直线边缘进行成功位置提取,满足复杂背景图像的直线边缘提取需求,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

红外图像中机场跑道的自动目标识别

针对红外机场跑道图像特点，提出了一种用于提取跑道中心点的算法。该算法包括空域滤波、边缘增强、边缘细化、边缘搜索、直线拟合、直线修正、中心点识别等一系列处理。实验结果表明，这种算法具有良好的性能。     

基于数字图像处理的直线型铁轨的自动识别

在铁路交通安全检测系统中,铁轨的识别是障碍检测物的关键。提出适合轨道数字图像的直线型铁轨自动识别算法。首先基于轨道图像的亮度特征和直线特征,综合应用Hough变换和边缘提取算法,检测出大量离散的共线像素点。然后建立直线方程,使检测到的直线连续化,根据线段斜率特性和线段长短滤除多余的线段。最后根据提取到的铁轨边缘轮廓得到图像中的铁轨位置信息,为铁路图像信息提取分析打下基础。用MATLAB编程实现了该算法,通过大量仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

倒装焊中图像对准算法的研究

针对倒装焊中常用的十字架对准标志的几何特征,采用形态学边缘检测算法提取图像边缘,通过将简化的Hough变换和最小二乘相结合的直线提取方法,提取出较为精确的边缘直线,实现了一种提取十字架标志的四条长边缘直线的图像处理算法。实验结果表明,该算法与相关算法相比具有更快的对准速度和更高的对准精度,且对有局部残缺的图像不敏感。     

基于蚁群搜索的直线检测算法

提出一种直线检测的蚁群搜索算法,以解决常用的直线检测方法抑制噪声能力不强、检测直线不连续的缺点.此算法首先进行边缘检测获取边缘点;然后利用边缘信息引导蚁群迭代搜索可能的直线边缘,根据直线的搜索长度更新蚂蚁运动路径上的信息素分布,使搜索逐渐向长直线收敛;最后,依据搜索路径的信息素遗留提取图像中的直线边缘.多组标准图像的实验表明:该算法能够有效地从图像中提取直线,同时具有较强的噪声抑制能力.     

一种基于Hough变换的新直线段检测算法

为了获得图像中直线段的端点及长度信息,提出一种逆向Hough变换检测算法,由一个已知点和直线的斜率构造直线的方程,然后检测满足直线方程的点的个数.同时,为了克服Hough变换计算量大的弊端,引入直线梯度方向信息,避免重复的直线提取.实验证明,该方法较传统的Hough变换,可以很好地得到直线段的端点,并且算法快速简单.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.