溅射时间对于Mg_2Si/Si异质结的影响

采用射频磁控溅射沉积并结合热处理制备Mg2Si/Si异质结,研究了溅射时间对Mg2Si/Si异质结的结构以及电阻率的影响。首先在P型Si衬底沉积不同厚度的Mg膜,然后进行低真空热处理,制备不同厚度的Mg2Si/Si异质结。通过XRD、SEM对Mg2Si/Si异质结中Mg2Si的晶体结构、异质结表面和剖面形貌进行分析,结果表明:制备了单一相Mg2Si薄膜,Mg2Si(220)衍射峰最强,异质结界面平整。通过四探针仪测量电阻率进行分析,发现电阻率随Mg2Si膜厚的增加而减小。     

Mg膜厚度对Mg2Si半导体薄膜结构及方块电阻的影响

采用射频磁控溅射系统和热处理系统制备了Mg2Si半导体薄膜.首先在Si衬底上溅射不同厚度的Mg膜,然后在真空退火炉中进行低真空热处理4h制备一系列Mg2Si半导体薄膜.采用台阶仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Mg2Si薄膜样品的结构、表面形貌、剖面进行表征,研究了Mg膜厚度对Mg2Si半导体薄膜生成的影响.结果表明,在Si衬底上制备出以Mg2Si (220)为主的单一相Mg2Si薄膜,且Mg2Si (220)的衍射峰强度随着Mg膜厚度的增加先增大后减小,Mg膜为2.52 μm时,制备的Mg2Si薄膜表现出了良好的结晶度和平整度.最后,研究了Mg膜厚度对Mg2Si薄膜方块电阻的影响.     

退火对Fe/Si结构原子间互扩散及显微结构的影响

在Si（100）衬底上,用直流磁控溅射沉积约100nm的纯金属Fe膜,然后在600-1000℃真空退火2h,用能量为3MeV的C离子进行了卢瑟福背散射（RBS）测量,并用SIMNRA6.0程序分析了测量结果,给出了界面附近Fe原子与Si原子间互扩散的完整图像,扫描电镜（SEM）观察和X射线衍射（XRD）测量表征了不同温度退火2h后Fe/Si系统表面的显微结构和晶体结构,由RBS、XRD测量与SEM观察结果,分析了退火过程对磁控溅射制备的Fe/Si双层膜结构原子间的互扩散行为、硅化物形成及显微结构的影响。     

退火对Fe/Si结构原子间互扩散及显微结构的影响

在Si(100)衬底上,用直流磁控溅射沉积约100nm的纯金属Fe膜,然后在600～1000℃真空退火2h.用能量为3MeV的C离子进行了卢瑟福背散射(RBS)测量,并用SIMNRA 6.0程序分析了测量结果,给出了界面附近Fe原子与Si原子间互扩散的完整图像.扫描电镜(SEM)观察和X射线衍射(XRD)测量表征了不同温度退火2h后Fe/Si系统表面的显微结构和晶体结构.由RBS、XRD测量与SEM观察结果,分析了退火过程对磁控溅射制备的Fe/Si双层膜结构原子间的互扩散行为、硅化物形成及显微结构的影响.     

Mg2Si薄膜在Si(100)衬底上的外延生长研究

采用直流磁控溅射系统,在Si(100)衬底上制备了外延Mg2Si半导体薄膜。通过XRD和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对Mg2Si薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌进行表征,理论分析了Mg2Si薄膜的消光特性对Mg2Si薄膜外延取向的影响,得到了Mg2Si薄膜的外延取向特性。结果表明,在Si(100)衬底上,外延Mg2Si薄膜具有Mg2Si(220)的择优生长特性。     

电子束蒸发方法研究Mg2Si的薄膜及其光学带隙

Mg_2Si材料作为一种新型环境友好半导体材料,其薄膜制备方法及其光学性质的研究对其应用研发起到基础性作用.采用电子束蒸发方法在Si(111)衬底上沉积Mg膜,在氩气环境下进行热处理以制备Mg_2Si半导体薄膜.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、分光光度计对制备的Mg_2Si薄膜进行表征.在氩气环境、温度500℃、压强200 Pa下,研究热处理时间(时间3-7 h)对Mg_2Si薄膜形成的影响.XRD和SEM结果表明:通过电子束蒸发沉积方法在500℃、热处理时间为3~7 h能够得到Mg_2Si薄膜.热处理温度是500时,最佳热处理时间是4 h,得到致密度好的薄膜.通过对薄膜的红外透射谱测试,得到了Mg_2Si薄膜的光学带隙,其间接光学带隙值为0.9433 eV,直接光学带隙值为1.1580 eV.实验数据为Mg_2Si薄膜的研发在制备工艺和光学性质方面提供参考.     

硅缓冲层提高选区外延生长硅基锗薄膜质量

研究了Si缓冲层对选区外延Si基Ge薄膜的晶体质量的影响。利用超高真空化学气相沉积系统,结合低温Ge缓冲层和选区外延技术,通过插入Si缓冲层,在Si/SiO_2图形衬底上选择性外延生长Ge薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)表征了Ge薄膜的晶体质量和表面形貌。测试结果表明,选区外延Ge薄膜的晶体质量比无图形衬底外延得到薄膜的晶体质量要高;选区外延Ge薄膜前插入Si缓冲层得到Ge薄膜具有较低的XRD曲线半高宽以及表面粗糙度,位错密度低至5.9×10~5/cm^2,且薄膜经过高低温循环退火后,XRD曲线半高宽和位错密度进一步降低。通过插入Si缓冲层可提高选区外延Si基Ge薄膜的晶体质量,该技术有望应用于Si基光电集成。     

Al掺杂半导体Mg2Si薄膜的制备及电学性质

采用磁控溅射方法和热处理工艺在Si衬底上制备了不同Al质量分数的Mg2Si薄膜,研究了不同Al质量分数对Mg2Si薄膜结构及其电学性质的影响.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和四探针测试仪对Al掺杂Mg2Si薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和电学性质进行表征和分析.结果表明:采用磁控溅射技术在Si衬底上成功制备了不同Al质量分数的Mg2Si薄膜,样品表面表现出良好的连续性,在Mg2Si (220)面具有择优生长性.随着质量分数的增加,结晶度先增加后降低,晶粒尺寸减小,且在Al质量分数为1.58％时结晶度最好.此外,样品电阻率也随着Al质量分数的增加逐渐降低,表明Al掺杂后的Mg2Si薄膜具有更好的导电性,这对采用Mg2Si薄膜研制半导体器件有着重要的意义.     

PECVD制备纳米晶多晶硅薄膜

以Si(100)为衬底,采用磁控溅射和射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积系统制备了Si(100)/Al膜/非晶Si膜结构的样品。对该样品进行Al诱导真空退火以制备多晶硅薄膜,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和AFM分析薄膜微结构及表面形貌。实验结果表明,在经过500℃、550℃Al诱导退火后,形成了择优取向为〈111〉晶向的多晶硅薄膜。AFM给出了550℃退火后薄膜表面形貌,为100～200nm大小的圆丘状硅晶粒,密集排列在薄膜表面;并对Al诱导真空退火晶化的机理进行了分析。     

SiO2衬底上PECVD-Si1-xGex薄膜研究

在覆盖SiO2的n-Si(100)衬底上,采用等离子体增强化学沉积法(PECVD)制备Si1-xGex薄膜材料。薄膜Ge含量x及元素的深度分布由俄歇电子谱(AES)测定。对Si1-xGex进行热退火处理,以考察退火温度和时间对薄膜特性的影响。薄膜的物相通过X射线衍射(XRD)确定。基于XRD图谱,利用Scherer公式计算平均晶粒大小。Si1-xGex薄膜载流子霍尔迁移率由霍尔效应法测定。数值拟合得到霍尔迁移率与平均晶粒尺寸为近线性关系,从而得出PECVD-Si1-xGex薄膜的电输运特性基本符合Seto模型的结论。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.