CTAB作用下TiO2/g-C3N4的制备及光催化降解偏二甲肼废水

在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作用下,采用水热合成法制备TiO 2/g-C 3N 4复合材料,研究CTAB对复合材料结构及光谱性质的影响。采用XRD、TEM、N 2吸附-脱附、FT-IR、UV-Vis DRS、PL等测试手段对材料进行表征,并在可见光下进行光催化降解偏二甲肼(UDMH)废水实验。结果表明:在CTAB作用下合成的TiO 2/g-C 3N 4复合材料晶型结构完整,TiO 2粒径更小并且在g-C 3N 4片层上均匀分布,具有较大的比表面积和丰富的介孔结构,复合材料的光吸收带边拓展至450nm,光生空穴-电子复合率明显降低。光催化实验表明,可见光条件下反应120min,UDMH的去除率达到了83.2%,相比未添加CTAB制备的TiO 2/g-C 3N 4提升了13.7%。     

Ag/g-C_3N_4复合光催化材料的光物理及光催化性能

通过加热AgNO3与g-C3N4成功制备了Ag/g-C3N4复合光催化材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析热解产物的物相和结构,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和光致发光谱(PL)表征样品的光吸收和荧光性质。以罗丹明B为模型污染物,评价样品的可见光(λ≥420nm)光催化性能。结果表明:与纯g-C3N4相比,3%载银量的Ag/g-C3N4复合光催化材料在可见光下降解罗丹明B的光催化性能最好。分析表明Ag与g-C3N4的协同作用抑制光致电子空穴对的复合是光催化性能提高的主要原因。     

g-C_3N_4/TiO_2对亚甲基蓝光催化性能研究

采用偏钛酸为钛前驱体,三聚氰胺为氮源,制备g-C3N4/TiO2复合纳米光催化材料,研究不同原料配比、焙烧温度及不同焙烧时间制备的g-C3N4/TiO2光催化材料对亚甲基蓝以可见光激发降解亚甲基蓝溶液,考察其光催化活性,采用紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)光谱、三维荧光(FS)光谱进行机理研究。     

Cu2O/g-C3N4异质结光催化材料的研究进展

光催化是一种环境友好型技术,能够有效解决环境污染和能源短缺问题,具有广阔的应用前景.其基本原理是半导体催化剂在光照的条件下产生具有强氧化还原能力的活性物种,这些活性物种可用来净化污染物、制备氢气、合成化学品等.n型半导体类石墨相氮化碳(g-C3 N4)具有结构稳定、多孔、可见光响应等特点,在光催化领域有广泛的应用.p型半导体氧化亚铜(Cu2 O)具有导电性高、晶面活性高等特点,并且其能带位置与间隙能够满足光催化水解产氢的要求.然而,受限于材料自身物理化学性质,纯g-C3 N4或Cu2 O都难以获得较高的催化性能.将Cu2 O和g-C3 N4复合形成异质结,能有效提高光生载流子分离效率和可见光利用率,从而提高其光催化性能.本文对Cu2 O/g-C3 N4异质结光催化材料研究进行梳理,总结了异质结形成机制和合成策略,概括了Cu2 O/g-C3 N4异质结催化材料在光催化降解污染物、抗菌、产氢、CO2还原、有机合成等领域的应用,并对未来研究方向进行了展望.     

类石墨相氮化碳二维纳米片的制备及可见光催化性能研究

以三聚氰胺为原料制备类石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),采用球磨与超声联用技术制备g-C3N4二维纳米片. 利用X 射线衍射光谱(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、荧光(PL)光谱等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明: g-C3N4二维纳米片具有与体相g-C3N4相同的晶体结构,片层结构仅有5个原子层厚.g-C3N4二维纳米片增加了对可见光的吸收,提高了光生电子-空穴对的分离效率.以染料罗丹明B的降解反应研究了g-C3N4二维纳米片在可见光下的催化性能. 结果表明,球磨超声1 h后制备的g-C3N4二维纳米片表现出最佳的光催化性能, 150 min 内对罗丹明B的降解率高达94%,是体相g-C3N4的2 倍.     

g-C3N4及改性g-C3N4的光催化研究进展

聚合型半导体材料g-C3N4因其优异的物理性能和光电性能成为当今研究的热门材料。本文从结构分析和理论计算角度讨论了g-C3N4能够作为无金属催化剂的原因,综述了介孔g-C3N4、无机元素掺杂g-C3N4、金属负载g-C3N4、g-C3N4/金属氧化物复合物和有机改性g-C3N4等不同改性g-C3N4的制备和性质,着重分析了他们催化光解水析氢反应的机理、影响因素及研究进展,并阐述了今后的研究方向。     

Ag_2CO_3/Ag/g-C_3N_4 Z-型异质结的制备及可见光催化降解RhB

通过煅烧处理和沉淀反应合成以Ag纳米粒子为电子媒介的Z-型光催化剂Ag_2CO_3/Ag/g-C_3N_4。在可见光照射下,降解RhB评价Ag_2CO_3/Ag/g-C_3N_4复合物的光催化活性。结果表明:Ag2CO3/Ag/g-C3N4样品显示出比纯Ag_2CO_3和g-C_3N_4更强的光催化活性,当g-C3N4与Ag_2CO_3/Ag质量比为20%时,复合物呈现出最好的光催化性能,这归因于在Ag_2CO_3和g-C_3N_4间形成的Z-型异质结构,其有效促进电子转移速率和光生电子-空穴的分离。Z-型异质结构扩展了可见光吸收波长范围(从450nm到670nm),这是由于Ag纳米粒子表面离子共振的结果。捕获实验证实,在光催化降解RhB反应中,·O_2~-和空穴h~+是主要活性物质,·OH是次要活性物质,并提出了增强光催化活性的机理。     

基于石墨相碳化氮的光催化降解有机污染物研究进展

环境污染是目前人类面临的严重问题,半导体光催化技术是直接利用太阳能降解有机污染物的方法,有很大的应用潜力。然而大多数半导体光催化剂只能吸收紫外光,对太阳光利用率较低。石墨相碳化氮(g-C3N4)是一种新兴的半导体聚合物材料,无毒副作用、易于制备、能够吸收可见光,受到科研工作者的广泛关注。该文针对g-C3N4及其改性的g-C3N4光催化降解有机污染物应用进行总结和讨论,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。     

热处理温度对TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶–凝胶法在常压下经不同温度热处理制备了TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶光催化剂,利用XRD、TGA和BET等手段对其微观结构进行表征,以甲基橙溶液光催化降解实验评价其光催化性能,研究了热处理温度对TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶的微观结构及光催化性能影响规律.结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶中锐钛矿结晶度升高,晶粒尺寸增大,比表面积减小,使TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解活性呈现先升后降的变化趋势.当热处理温度为700℃左右,紫外光照20 min TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶对甲基橙溶液的降解率达到95.4%.     

SiO2气凝胶/纳米TiO2共混光催化剂降解甲基橙

目的利用甲基橙模拟印刷废水,研究SiO_2气凝胶/纳米TiO_2共混光催化剂对甲基橙的光降解性能。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO_2气凝胶,再加入纳米TiO_2通过共混法制备出共混光催化剂,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术对样品进行表征。使用共混光催化剂降解甲基橙观察其光催化活性。结果当纳米TiO_2和SiO_2气凝胶的质量比为1∶4,催化剂质量浓度为0.2g/L,甲基橙的初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,p H值为4时,甲基橙的降解率最高。结论利用共混光催化剂降解甲基橙,其光催化效率高,降解率可高达99.85%。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.