C-Mn钢窄带热轧时的再结晶软化规律

针对唐山钢铁有限责任公司带钢厂的生产实际,借助理论与实验结果,研究了C-Mn钢热轧过程中各道次奥氏体的再结晶规律,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,说明给出的组合模型用于窄带热轧的生产是可行的,它为在生产中控制与预报带钢的组织性能提供了奥氏体再结晶的定量化基础,并为再结晶软化不充分时的力能计算提供了修正依据.     

热轧带钢轧机无头轧制技术简介

介绍了最新发展的热轧带钢轧机无头轧制技术，在传统热轧带钢生产线上，采用成熟的热卷取箱轧制技术，进而实现热轧带钢中间坯头尾对焊后的无头轧制，可以提高薄带钢轧制的稳定性，提高带钢头尾部的尺寸精度。该技术将是传统式热轧带钢生产技术发展的新动向。     

热卷箱在2250热连轧不锈钢带生产中的应用

热卷箱是置于热连轧钢带生产线上粗轧机与精轧机之间,将中间坯卷取和开卷的一种设备。通过设备和工艺攻关,太钢2250热连轧生产线成功地应用热卷箱规模化生产热轧2～5.2 mm 300系和400系不锈钢带,提高了钢带的表面质量和生产效率。文中探讨了热卷箱应用于不锈钢带生产的优劣势和生产中易出现的划伤和花印等问题。     

Hot direct rolling in ferrite region in extra low-carbon steel

For the first time, hot direct rolling was applied in ferrite region in the mill and the resulting quality of the cold rolled and annealed sheet steel was as good as that hot direct rolled in austenite region with respect to microstructure and mechanical properties. In case of ferrite phase rolling, microstructure of the hot strip reveals abnormal grains and deformation bands in the grains, and elongation and r value are not so good as those rolled in the austenite phase. However, these abnormal grains left no traces and appeared to be equiaxed grains like the austenite phase rolled microstructure after 75 % cold rolling and continuous annealing at 830°C. This is attributed to the deformation bands which provide nucleation sites for recrystallization during annealing so that recrystallization occurs uniformly in the matrix. (111) texture was well developed and r value thus appeared high.     

热轧高强带钢氧化铁皮的去除方法

热轧板坯中添加硅元素,有利于热轧产品强度提升、制造成本降低,同时提高产品的塑性及韧性。但是,随着硅元素的添加,热轧高强带钢的生产过程中会出现典型的红锈表面缺陷。研究表明,硅与铁生成的2FeO·SiO2化合物是形成红锈的主要原因。采用常规热连轧除鳞系统(系统压力约为22 MPa)很难将红锈彻底清除,要除掉这种氧化铁皮采取超高压除鳞系统除鳞(系统压力约为40 MPa)是最为有效的办法之一。重点介绍了针对去除红锈缺陷,超高压除鳞系统在新建热连轧生产线及热连轧生产线改造中的应用。     

薄板坯连铸连轧Fe-3．2％Si硅钢板的试验模拟研究

介绍了实验室进行的薄板坯连铸连轧Fe-3．2％Si硅钢板的试验模拟研究工作,分析了铸坯等轴晶粒组织和偏析,观察了热轧后显微组织轧后组织、抑制剂形貌以及热轧后织构组织等,这些试验研究结果为短流程生产电工钢的工艺技术开发和降低成本等提供了理论依据和参考数据。     

Experimental and Computational Modelling of Temperature Gradients during Hot Rolling

During industrial production of hot strip, problems with cooled edges can occur. At low finish rolling temperatures, the microstructure of the material can be fully austenitic and the edges can display a partially transformed microstructure due to a temperature gradient over the strip width. So the edges could be rolled in the two‐phase region of ferrite and austenite, whereas the centre is rolled in the austenitic region. For a proper prediction of the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties distribution, it is necessary to include the temperature gradient in the simulation of the transformation under a given deformation schedule. In this project the microstructure evolution in the final pass during hot rolling with cooled edges is described in a pilot‐scale experiment. The transformation behaviour of the material is calculated by means of a semi‐empirical transformation model with respect to the temperature gradient over the strip width.     

CSP线热轧薄板的组织演变及微观取向研究

利用背电子散射衍射（EBSD）技术，研究了3种不同厚度规格的低碳钢CSP热轧薄板的组织演变和微观取向，实验结果表明：热轧终轧组织为再结晶奥氏体和变形奥氏体的混合体；相变后的铁素体晶粒中含有亚晶和位错，导致板带的强度升高而伸长率下降。板带的最终组织中含有残留的热轧织构，织构组分较杂且弱。最终组织中的铁素体晶粒尺寸不均匀，由EBSD系统按邻域面积确定的铁素体晶粒尺寸比按形貌确定的铁素体晶粒尺寸小。     

冷轧退火板DP钢成材率低原因分析

摘要：以冷轧退火板DP980为研究对象,结合生产过程中的工艺过程参数,利用金相显微镜、电子显微镜、显微硬度计、室温拉伸试验机对热轧卷、冷硬卷、退火卷试样的显微组织、硬度、强度、伸长率等进行了分析。结果表明,热轧卷生产过程中,为了控制带尾抛钢稳定性而降低卷取速度,导致带尾卷取温度较低,力学性能不均,遗传到冷轧工序转变为厚度波动。目前,冷轧各工序通过切头尾的方法,对于此问题进行控制,也就导致了DP钢成材率较低。     

马钢热轧板带材跑偏分析

为减少热轧带钢在轧制过程中跑偏造成的堆钢、甩尾等生产事故,通过在生产线中摸索总结工艺优化调整方案,并进行严格的设备精度管理,在实践中进行有益尝试并验证,最终总结了热轧带钢在生产过程中产生跑偏的原因。针对马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司热轧1 580薄板生产线的实际情况,提出了相应的纠偏措施,减少了带钢轧制过程中的设备运行故障,提高了热轧带钢轧制稳定性,从而提高了热轧带钢产品质量,降低了生产成本。     

Advances in the Optimization of Thin Strip Cast Austenitic 304 Stainless Steel

This study is about the latest advances in the optimization of the microstructure and properties of thin strip cast austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304, 1.4301). Concerning the processing steps the relevance of different thin strip casting parameters, in‐line forming operations, and heat treatments for optimizing microstructure and properties have been studied. The microstructures obtained from the different processing strategies were analysed with respect to phase and grain structures including the grain boundary character distributions via EBSD microtexture measurements, the evolution of deformation‐induced martensite, the relationship between delta ferrite and martensite formation in austenite, and the texture evolution during in‐line deformation. It is observed that different process parameters lead to markedly different microstructures and profound differences in strip homogeneity. It is demonstrated that the properties of strip cast and in‐line hot rolled austenitic stainless steels are competitive to those obtained by conventional continuous casting and hot rolling. This means that the thin strip casting technique is not only competitive to conventional routes with respect to the properties of the material but also represents the most environmentally friendly, flexible, energy‐saving, and modern industrial technique to produce stainless steel strips.     

热轧带钢局部硬度对冷轧带钢板形的影响

考虑轧件材质横向差异对冷轧带钢板形的影响,采用末架轧机出口带材横向厚度分布和板形作为验证模型精度的指标,定量研究了热轧来料局部硬度对冷轧带钢板厚和前张应力分布的影响程度及规律,通过与现场实测数据的对比,证明该模型提高了轧后板形的计算精度。研究结果显示,局部硬度对冷轧带材的张应力分布影响显著,附加张应力与硬度峰高度成正比,给出了冷连轧过程中轧后带材附加厚度和附加张应力与热轧来料局部硬度的关系。     

热轧薄规格钢带折叠缺陷成因分析及措施探讨

针对热轧折叠缺陷对酸连轧工序造成的原料空卷问题,从热轧工序相关影响因素出发,分析了薄规格热轧钢带生产过程中折叠缺陷形成原因,主要为钢带头尾存在不同程度镰刀弯或局部浪形等问题,经卷取侧导板和夹送辊共同挤压作用后形成的。通过在设备精度、工艺改进、预警机制等方面进行系统优化和改进,薄规格热轧钢带折叠缺陷发生量得以有效控制,月均发生量从攻关前的55卷左右逐渐下降至攻关以来的20卷左右水平。进一步提高了热轧钢带一检合格率和折叠缺陷的预警识别率,有效降低了热轧钢带折叠类缺陷对下游工序生产过程造成的影响,促进了上下游生产节奏的提升。     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程Fe-3%Si钢热轧板和常化板织构

在实验室按照薄板坯连铸连轧工艺流程试制了Fe-3%Si硅钢热轧板,采用EBSD和X射线衍射方法观察了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的织构组织,分析了α、ε和γ取向线上织构取向密度变化规律。A和B钢热轧板具有相似的{110}〈112〉和、{001}〈110〉和{001}〈010〉和高斯织构组织,A试样表层的晶粒均匀性较差,B试样具有较强的γ织构取向。采用EBSD观察比较了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的垂直TD面的EBSD微观织构组织,A钢和B钢常化退火后基本保留了热轧时形成的中心部位的组织,而次表层和表层晶粒发生了再结晶长大,晶粒组织和织构梯度减小,织构主要集中在{001}〈^-1^-10〉和{001}〈0^10〉和之间以及高斯织构上。常化后织构的总体强度下降,高斯强度减弱。试验研究结果为开发薄板坯连铸连轧短流程生产电工钢技术提供理论依据和参考数据。     

阿尔维迪ESP第一套薄板坯无头铸轧的成果

意大利阿尔维迪公司使用微型轧机配单流铸机生产板材,并通过采用ISP专利技术实现年产板材130万吨。结合薄板坯连铸连轧工艺的经验并经过几年来的分期改造,终于获得一条性能稳定的优质热轧带钢生产线,该生产线促成投资采用ESP技术。因为阿尔维迪ESP线总长度为180 m,布置紧凑和投资成本、生产成本较低。ESP线采用单流铸机,在第一阶段年生产能力为200万吨,在增加铸流后可将生产能力提高为300万吨。ESP工艺能源消耗、水消耗非常低。ESP是无头轧制并具备生产厚度为0.8 mm及以下的超薄热轧板的能力,因此后续的冷轧工艺不再是必要工序。该ESP设备是世界上第一例在4.5分钟内连续完成由钢水到热轧卷的生产线,并成为日后ESP样板厂。本文目的是提供相关技术数据和第一条无头铸轧线的生产成果。     

Key technology and mechanism of ferrite rolling

Ferrite rolling is a hot strip rolling process which controls the finishing rolling process within the ferrite range. Compared with the traditional “hot rolling cold rolling annealing” process, ferrite rolling allows “hot rolled sheet instead of cold rolled sheet”, resulting in significantly cost savings. However, for some short production processes, high cooling rates between rough rolling and finish rolling can affect the size and microstructure of the product. Especially for low carbon steels with a wide two phase area, it is more difficult to achieve full ferrite region rolling. Based on a summary of the recent work on ferrite rolling plates and strips, the research and application of ferrite rolling process at home and abroad were discussed. Combined with the design characteristics, the ferrite rolling process parameters and the corresponding microstructure and property control targets were proposed. Several key issues in the application of ferrite rolling technology were focused on. The softening mechanism of two phase deformation and its effect on texture were discussed in detail. It aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development of key technologies and control ideas for the control of key processes.     

Mathematical Modelling on the Microstructure Evolution of X60 Line Pipe Steel during CSP Hot Rolling

 An integrated process modelling system for simulating the microstructure evolution of Nb-microalloyed HSLA steel produced in CSP hot rolling process has been developed on the basis of the microstructure simulation and mechanical properties prediction technology. Thermo-mechanical coupled finite element models for simulating hot strip rolling have been developed and the distribution of equivalent plastic strain through the thickness direction in the rolled material of CSP rolling was carried out. Thus the distribution of temperature, strain and strain rate through the thickness of the steel stocks, as well as the microstructure evolution during hot rolling of X60 line pipe steel strip have been investigated by using the developed integrated process modelling system. In addition the determination and optimization of controllable process parameters during CSP hot strip rolling for the Nb-microalloyed X60 line pipe steel have been implemented, and control strategies such as adopting larger pass reduction in the first stand, and arranging appropriate pass interval times and proper rolling speed, to reduce or eliminate mixed-grains microstructure of Nb microalloyed strip in CSP processing have been proposed.     

980 MPa级冷轧超高强度双相钢边裂原因分析与工艺优化

汽车用超高强度双相钢CR550/980DP冷轧边裂问题,严重影响热轧/冷轧工序界面生产顺行,易造成冷轧机架间及连退炉内断带事故,成为超高强度双相钢生产的难题。基于高温热塑性曲线和热轧动态CCT曲线,采用对显微组织、力学性能、裂纹扩展分析等手段明确冷轧边裂产生原因。试验结果分别指出,精轧阶段带钢横向温度分布不均匀、边部温降大,导致在第Ⅲ脆性区轧制;同时,受Nb作用再结晶温度提高,边部低温区为未再结晶区轧制;当应变量超过塑性极限、轧制力超过边部热强度时,形成热轧卷边裂。边部形成细小弥散的铁素体(F)和马氏体(M)两相组织,不协调应变将导致F/M相界面产生应力集中而形成裂纹;裂纹以微孔聚集方式进行扩展,形成热轧卷无边裂-冷轧边裂现象。通过投用边部加热器和优化初轧定宽量、精轧入口温度、精轧机架间冷却水、终轧温度、卷取温度等措施,实现热轧卷边部质量改善、解决边裂问题。     

不锈冷轧带钢表面光洁度的控制

在生产中，不锈冷轧带钢的表面光洁度一般用粗糙度进行控制，其粗糙度越低，光洁度越高。应使用低粗糙度和低微小缺陷面积率的不锈热轧带钢，高的总压下量，低粘度轧制油和平整率达到1％的工艺轧制可获得较高光洁度的不锈冷轧带钢。高速钢轧辊轧制的不锈冷轧带钢的光洁度优于模具钢轧辊。     

铁素体轧制关键技术与机制研究现状

摘要：铁素体轧制是控制精轧过程在铁素体范围内的板带热轧工艺,与传统的“热轧-冷轧-退火”工艺相比,可以实现“以热代冷”,显著节约成本。然而对于一些短流程生产工序,粗轧和精轧之间的高冷速会影响产品的尺寸和组织均匀性,尤其是两相区较宽的低碳钢,更难实现全铁素体区精轧。总结了板带铁素体轧制的相关研究工作,结合各企业铁素体轧制工艺的特点,提出了铁素体轧制工艺参数及组织性能控制目标。围绕铁素体轧制技术应用的几个关键问题展开分析讨论,重点讨论了两相区变形的软化机制及对织构的影响机制,为今后铁素体轧制关键技术的开发提供理论指导。