构件演化度量方法研究

构件演化是指构件根据用户的需求和技术的变化而不断改变,它是由一系列复杂的变化活动组成的。分析了构件演化的特点及其对度量的影响,根据GQM度量定义模型,给出了构件演化过程中的主要度量。希望通过度量和测评,能够有效地对构件演化进行控制,保持构件系统的一致性和稳定性。     

基于属性相似性度量的 BIM 构件聚类

近年来,随着建筑信息模型(BIM)构件库资源在互联网上迅猛增长,对大量 BIM 构件资源的聚类和检索应用变得日益迫切。现有方法还缺乏对 BIM 构件所承载的领域信息提取, 基于 BIM 构件所承载的领域信息,对 BIM 构件库资源开展聚类研究：①针对 BIM 构件,提出 了一种基于属性信息量的 BIM 构件相似性度量算法,以充分利用 BIM 构件属性信息。通过与 传统的Tversky相似性度量算法以及几何形状相似匹配算法相比,其在相似性度量上效果更好。 ②基于 BIM 构件间的相似性度量算法,提出了一种 BIM 构件库聚类方法。并在 BIMSeek 检索 引擎中集成了 BIM 构件的关键字检索功能以及分类器查看功能,为用户提供更丰富的检索和查 看方式。通过与传统的 K-medoids 和 AP 聚类算法相比,其聚类方法效果更好。     

基于模拟退火算法的构件检索方法

现有构件检索方法在面对用户复杂功能需求时检索时间较长而且检索结果不够准确,针对该问题,提出基于模拟退火算法的构件检索方法,定义构件检索过程中的有序匹配解及其邻域,并结合构件的分类描述特征设计模拟退火指标函数,在此基础上迭代搜索出覆盖用户功能需求且成本近似最低的构件集合。实验比较结果证明,基于模拟退火算法的构件检索方法在检索速度和准确度方面有一定的提高。     

构件的服务模式规约*

基于用户需求和构件服务在匹配情况下的等价性考虑,从方法调用序列角度给出了服务的定义;依据方法之间的关联性分析,给出了服务模式的概念和确定构件服务模式的方法;最后给出了构件的服务模式规约。通过建立服务模式规约,从构件提供者角度提供了一种确定构件匹配有效性的方法。     

一种基于场景的需求驱动构件服务聚集方法*

针对如何根据用户需求进行Web服务的自动聚合问题,给出了一种基于场景的构件服务聚集方法.引入UCM表示场景,在场景本体的基础上,提出基于场景的责任一构件服务行为机制,用来描述用户需求和自主Web服务能力.构造了一种基于场景的需求驱动构件服务聚集模型,在该模型中,服务聚集采用功能匹配和质量匹配相结合的方法,并相应地给出了需求驱动构件服务聚集算法和基于QoS的服务选优算法,提高了服务发现效率和精确度.最后,通过案例研究和仿真实验验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于差异分析的商业构件评估方法

在基于商业构件的软件开发中,构件评估与选择是贯穿整个开发过程的关键步骤。该文提出一种基于差异分析的构件评估方法,通过辨识构件与需求在功能性上的差异,由功能点模型估算以软件功能规模度量的差异及其相应的修正代价。构件对需求的适应度被定义为符合需求的目标系统的功能规模与以功能规模度量的构件总代价的比率。     

基于设计结构矩阵的可信软件非功能需求评估模型

可信软件非功能需求的量化评估是可信软件研究的一个重要领域。依据构件中非功能需求之间的相互关系,结合设计结构矩阵及矩阵变换、运算的方法,提出了非功能需求贡献值的概念,建立了构件和非功能需求关系的相关阵列及具有统一标准和评判尺度的可信软件非功能需求度量模型,并结合该模型构建了一种用来判断软件非功能需求是否符合软件开发者和用户预期的评估决策方法。最后通过一个实例来说明本模型的合理性和有效性。     

基于近似匹配模型的XML元数据检索

将无序标签树匹配分解为树结构匹配和标签语义匹配,采用树结构匹配和语义匹配相结 合的方法,对传统树匹配算法进行了改进,提出了近似匹配概念,并针对元数据XML描述的结构化特 征,设计了一种基于三层近似匹配模型的元数据检索方法。这种检索方法可根据用户的不同需求有 效地调节元数据的查准率和查全率。最后构造了基于近似匹配模型的元数据查询系统原型,实验证 明近似匹配模型在元数据检索应用中具有可行性和高效性。     

构件库语义描述和检索技术研究

传统的构件库描述和检索方法无法对构件的语义关系进行描述,阻碍了用户对构件的应用。采用本体论的方法建立构件属性的描述模型,实现构件查询基于本体的语义扩展。给出构件属性与用户需求之间相似度的计算方法,帮助用户迅速准确找到需要的构件。     

制造资源耦合映射与模糊匹配技术研究

针对云制造中云制造服务资源匹配映射多种模式并存,云制造服务资源与云制造资源需求间相互影响且映射关系复杂,导致缺少有效云制造服务资源匹配方法.在综合考虑云制造资源需求间相互影响的基础上,提出了云制造服务资源匹配模型,利用模糊积分度量用户云制造资源需求与云制造服务资源间的匹配程度,提出了基于模糊积分的云制造服务资源匹配方法.通过基于模糊积分的云制造服务资源匹配方法,计算获得云制造服务资源对云制造资源需求的匹配度,为制造云中的终端用户提供按需、自助、敏捷的云制造服务资源智能匹配技术.最后,以中小模具企业云制造平台某型号多工位级进模具排样图设计应用为实例,证明了文中方法在工程应用中的正确性与高效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.