基于伪暗原色的红外增强技术研究

基于红外图像与可见光雾化图像之间的相似性,通过比较红外图像的灰度均值和图像亮暗程度的灰度阈值,实现图像亮暗的自动判别,进而判断图像是否需要灰度反转。对原图或原图灰度反转图采用类似可见光去雾的暗原色先验算法——伪暗原色算法求出红外图像的粗糙透射率,结合导向滤波实现粗糙透射率的细化,依据大气散射物理模型得到最终增强的红外图像。实验结果表明,采用伪暗原色红外图像增强的算法可以提高红外图像的对比度,突出其细节,提高其信噪比,并且具有良好的视觉效果。     

基于暗原色先验模型的Retinex算法

 现有雾天图像增强的Retinex算法采用固定滤波器,无法适应多种景深和雾化程度的情况.对此,本文提出一种基于暗原色先验模型的Retinex算法.暗原色先验模型反映了雾天图像中雾的分布与景深信息.受此启发,根据局部区域暗原色值设计一种尺度可变滤波器,针对不同景深和雾化区域采用不同尺度的滤波器估算雾天图像的照度分量,实现对雾天图像的增强.分别使用主观观察和客观数据分析方法,将本文算法与HE算法、固定尺度MSR算法进行对比,本文算法在细节增强以及图像整体效果上均优于HE算法和固定尺度MSR算法.     

基于暗原色和加权形态学滤波的图像去雾算法

针对雾天图像能见度低、对比度差的特点,提出一种自动消除雾的方法：基于暗原色和加权形态滤波的增强算法。首先引入暗原色先验信息,然后利用形态学滤波方法估计雾浓度图。该方法既能平滑雾浓度图,又能很好地保留场景的边缘,使估计出的雾浓度图更加精确。最后恢复去雾图像。实验结果表明,该方法简单快速有效,能够很好地达到去雾目的,并且较好地保留图像边缘细节。     

基于暗原色先验去雾的改进算法

暗原色先验去雾方法在单幅图像去雾方面效果明显,但该方法算法复杂度高、处理耗时。针对该算法不足之处,在传统的暗原色先验去雾方法基础上,提出一种改进算法。改进算法通过高斯滤波和腐蚀对透射率图进行优化;同时,为避免原算法的冗余计算,采用了一种快速计算初始透射率方法;并且通过Gamma变换和对比度增强方法对去雾后图像进行亮度和对比度增强处理。实验结果显示,改进算法处理效果与原算法基本一致,算法效率得到显著提高,应用在视频增强领域可以达到准实时。     

基于暗通道先验和对比度增强的水下图像复原

在水下环境中,光的散射和衰减导致水下图像质量下降,为此提出一种基于暗通道先验和增强图像对比度的方法。根据水下图像成像特点,建立水下光学成像模型,采用改进的暗原色算法进行图像去模糊,由直方图均衡化和双边滤波器对去模糊之后的图像增强对比度。实验表明,该方法能够有效去除光的散射引起的模糊并提高图像对比度。     

基于SoPC的视频图像快速去雾

针对现有图像去雾算法时间复杂度高,难于实时处理的问题,提出一款基于片上可编程系统(SoPC)的视频图像快速去雾系统。介绍了平台的软件流程和硬件结构,对暗原色先验和导向滤波理论进行深入研究,并将暗原色先验和导向滤波算法移植到所设计的SoPC平台上进行测试。测试结果表明,该系统能满足视频图像实时去雾的要求,并且恢复的图像清晰,对比度好,颜色自然。     

基于暗原色与逆暗原色融合的含明亮区域图像去雾

针对暗原色先验模型对于图像明亮区域不适应,暗原色估计偏大,导致透射率估计偏小,出现色彩失真现象,本文介绍一种新的暗原色修正方法。提出一种逆暗原色概念,将雾化图像的暗原色与逆暗原色进行融合处理得到一种新的修正暗原色,从而获得比较真实的明亮区域透射率,有效消除了明亮区域的色彩失真。以有效细节强度、色调还原程度、结构信息及综合测评作为图像质量评价指标,与目前流行算法进行对比实验,本文算法的色调还原程度指标平均值提高41.1%,综合测评指标平均值提高48.7%。实验结果表明,本文算法在改善明亮区域色彩失真及提高去雾图像总体质量方面优于目前流行算法。     

基于暗原色分离的浓雾透射区域噪点图像识别

为了提高浓雾透射区域噪点图像成像质量,提出基于暗原色分离的浓雾透射区域噪点图像信噪比提升识别技术.结合对浓雾透射区域噪点图像的边缘模板分组检测结果,采用暗原色融合和RGB像素分解方法,实现对浓雾透射区域噪点图像的信息自适应增强,建立浓雾透射区域噪点图像的交叉融合滤波分离模型;根据对浓雾透射区域噪点图像的背景区域的暗原色组合检测结果,提取浓雾透射区域噪点图像的模板特征量,采用天空区域背景信息增强算法,实现浓雾透射区域噪点图像空间特征匹配;根据浓雾透射区域噪点融合匹配结果,采用交叉滤波方法实现浓雾透射区域噪点图像的信息增强和滤波处理;根据滤波结果实现对浓雾透射区域噪点图像质量优化和高信噪比检测识别.测试结果表明,采用该方法进行浓雾透射区域噪点图像识别的信噪比提升效果较高,提高了浓雾成像图像的可靠性识别能力.     

融合暗原色先验和稀疏表示的水下图像复原

由于水下图像成像过程中受光的散射、噪声干扰等因素影响,致使图像质量严重退化。为了去除模糊和抑制噪声,改善水下图像质量,该文提出一种融合暗原色先验和稀疏表示的水下图像复原新方法。该方法首先利用暗原色先验理论计算水下图像的暗原色,然后基于稀疏表示理论对暗原色进行去噪和优化,基于改进后的暗原色计算水体透射率和光照强度以计算最终复原结果,可以同时达到去模糊和去噪的良好效果。实验结果表明,提出的方法有效提高了图像的平均梯度和信息熵等图像像素,从而改善了图像的质量。     

基于中值滤波和生物仿生学的图像增强研究

针对红外图像对比度差、信噪比低的特点,提出了一种基于中值滤波和生物仿生学的微光图像对比度增强算法,首先对红外图像进行中值滤波去噪,然后用生物视觉模型对去噪后的图像进行增强得到增强后的图像。实验结果表明,该算法突出了图像的细节信息,同时增强了图像的对比度,与传统的中值滤波加直方图均衡和加权邻域平均加灰度调整等算法相比,图...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.