MT车型换挡杆振动试验研究与仿真分析

针对某MT（Manual Transmission，简称MT）车型加速换挡杆振动问题，基于客观测试，首先按照振动源→振动传递路径→响应端表现的分析方法，对整个振动传递路径展开研究。然后考虑该MT车型换挡杆振动的传递路径，运用HyperMesh、Nastran 等软件对振动源（变速器换挡机构）、响应端（换挡杆）进行NVH分析，确认其中变速器换挡机构为振动源，换挡杆为响应端，最后对振动传递路径（换挡拉索）进行隔振试验验证。研究发现，换挡杆振动受到变速器换挡机构弹性体模态大小、换挡拉索隔振优劣的影响显著，研究所提出的振动源、振动传递路径的优化策略为相关项目的NVH（Noise，Vibration and Harshness）性能开发奠定了基础。     

基于半主动阻尼拉杆的汽车不同换挡时间的振动控制研究EI北大核心CSCD

如何减少汽车原地换挡时间而不增加汽车原地换挡的冲击与振动,该研究开展了基于半主动阻尼拉杆(hydraulic damping strut,HDS)的汽车不同换挡时间的振动控制研究。首先,对发动机悬置和防扭拉杆主动端加速度试验值与理论值进行了对比分析,其误差小于20%,验证了13自由度整车动力学模型的有效性;其次,通过对汽车原地快速换挡时的动态响应分析及试验测试可知,在悬置系统中添加半主动阻尼拉杆可以有效减小换挡时的冲击与振动。最后,通过理论和试验测试结合研究分析了汽车不同换挡时间的动态响应特性。研究结果表明,原地换挡产生的换挡冲击与振动主要通过变速箱悬置和防扭拉杆传递到车内,变速箱悬置对悬置系统阻尼的增加不敏感,发动机悬置对动力总成的振动不敏感。在悬置系统中添加半主动阻尼拉杆可以减少原地换挡时间,降低油耗。     

减振浮筏振动响应研究

减振浮筏振动响应研究林立，胡剑凌（中船总公司系统工程部）（上海交通大学振动冲击噪声研究所）一、前言为了降低船舱内的空气辐射噪声和水下辐射噪声以达到安静型舰艇的目的，必须对舰艇内主要振动源采用弹性安装的方法进行振动隔离，由于双层隔振装置能明显地抑制从机...     

某柴油发电机组隔振装置振动响应分析

某柴油发电机组隔振装置振动响应分析胡剑凌，沈密群，沈荣瀛（上海交通大学）一、前言为了降低船舱内的空气辐射噪声和水下辐射噪声以达到安静型舰艇的目的，必须对舰艇内主要振动源采用弹性安装的方法进行振动隔离，由于双层隔振装置能明显地抑制从机器至船体的振动传递...     

纯电动客车振动试验分析及动力总成隔振优化

汽车电动化使动力总成的振动噪声特性发生很大变化,带来了新的NVH问题,作为短途客运主要运输工具的纯电动客车尤为明显。针对某纯电动客车在行驶中存在振动较大的问题,结合实车试验与理论仿真,研究其振动传递特性及隔振优化。首先,基于LMS Test.lab振动噪声测试平台,采集了车内地板与底盘关键点的振动信号进行振动试验分析,根据车内地板振动响应特性对18条振动传递路径进行振动贡献量分析,求解出各个传递路径对车内目标点振动的贡献量,确定振动的主要贡献路径。其次,根据传递路径分析结果,针对主要贡献路径上的减振关键环节(动力总成悬置)进行隔振性能分析,结果显示电机动力总成悬置系统较差的隔振性能是引起车内振动过大的主要原因。为此,进一步建立了六自由度动力总成优化模型,采用多岛遗传优化方法对悬置系统参数进行优化匹配设计。结果表明,悬置系统的隔振性能获得了显著提升,车内振动过大问题得到有效解决。     

基于传递路径试验分析的变速器敲击噪声优化

变速器内部非受载齿轮来回敲打引起的车内变速器敲击噪声往往经过多维路径进行传递,对车内变速器敲击噪声传递路径的辨识与控制优化是改善敲击噪声的有效措施之一。阐述了基于结构传递路径的变速器敲击噪声试验分析方法,并结合某乘用车变速器敲击噪声明显这一问题,通过整车传声损失试验判断出该车变速器敲击噪声主要为结构传递声,且通过优化离合拉索与换档拉索,为改善该车变速器敲击噪声提供了一定的改进方法,取得了较好的优化效果。     

MTU柴油发电机组隔振装置振动固有特性分析

ＭＴＵ柴油发电机组隔振装置振动固有特性分析沈荣瀛，卢峥（上海交通大学振动冲击噪声研究所）一、前言为了减少和降低舰船的辐射噪声，最常用的方法是对舰船内主要振动源，如主推进动力装置、柴油发电机组、水泵、风机等等采用弹性安装的方法进行振动隔离，降低各个振动...     

车辆变速器弯扭振动特性分析

为研究车辆变速器弯扭振动特性，以某车辆变速器为研究对象，根据振动弯曲理论，建立变速器齿轮轴系弯扭振动数学模型；将不规则的变速器侧面箱体简化为质量均匀的薄板，基于薄板理论推导考虑传动轴系弯扭振动激励下的箱体振动方程；对传动轴弹性化处理后进行模态分析得到其振型函数，采用数值方法求解齿轮轴系和箱体的振动响应；分析箱体和齿轮轴系振动特性，并设计台架试验进行验证。结果表明：测点试验结果与计算结果的均方根值最大误差为32%，且振动趋势一致。研究结果可为探明车辆变速器弯扭振动传递机理与变速器动态可靠性研究提供理论基础。     

自动挡汽车换挡质量评价系统研究

换挡质量一直是双离合自动变速箱电控系统的重难点,基于车辆纵向加速度动态测量,提出一种自动挡车型换挡质量评价系统,该系统利用加速度传感器、NI数据采集器及CANape等设备,采集换挡过程中的换挡时间和纵向加速度信号,通过自编程序计算得到换挡过程中的振动剂量值(VDV)、加速度差值以及换挡时间,以此来客观评价车辆在踩油门升挡、踩油门降挡、松油门升挡、松油门降挡4类换挡工况下的换挡品质。利用某DCT车型,按照该评价系统对其换挡质量进行测试,结果表明:该系统能够准确对4类换挡工况进行客观的数据评价,能够准确识别出影响换挡质量的因素,证明此方法有效可行。     

随机振动下产品包装系统传递路径分析

实验研究不同激励谱型、不同振动等级、不同缓冲衬垫厚度和不同衬垫分配方式下产品包装系统的振动响应规律,利用工况传递路径分析法（OTPA）量化随机振动下产品包装系统各传递路径的振动贡献量。结果表明：当振动等级较高时,包装件出现轻微跳动现象,系统振动响应增大,共振频率略微减小;随着缓冲衬垫厚度的增加,系统共振频率减小,不同激励谱下关键元件的加速度响应功率谱密度（PSD）有所差异,振动响应与系统共振频率处的激励能量大小有关,衬垫厚度对各路径的振动贡献量影响较小;衬垫分配方式对关键元件上的响应 PSD 影响较大,不同衬垫分配方式可调节各传递路径的振动贡献量大小;当缓冲衬垫面积均匀分配时,利用 OTPA 方法识别出系统的主要振动贡献路径,将其定义为关键振动传递路径,关键元件的响应与关键振动传递路径在共振频率附近的振动贡献量紧密相关,缓冲包装设计应重点关注关键振动传递路径的减振设计。研究结果为进一步研究缓冲包装设计方法提供理论支撑。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。