Automatic segmentation,counting, size determination and classification of white blood cells

The counts, the so-called differential counts, and sizes of different types of white blood cells provide invaluable information to evaluate a wide range of important hematic pathologies from infections to leukemia. Today, the diagnosis of diseases can still be achieved mainly by manual techniques. However, this traditional method is very tedious and time-consuming. The accuracy of it depends on the operator’s expertise. There are laser based cytometers used in laboratories. These advanced devices are costly and requires accurate hardware calibration. They also use actual blood samples. Thus there is always a need for a cost effective and robust automated system. The proposed system in this paper automatically counts the white blood cells, determine their sizes accurately and classifies them into five types such as basophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil. The aim of the system is to help for diagnosing diseases. In our work, a new and completely automatic counting, segmentation and classification process is developed. The outputs of the system are the number of white blood cells, their sizes and types.     

激光散斑血流成像对中医理疗功效的检测

为了获得更加准确的中医理疗功效检测结果,根据中医经络的气血和人体皮肤微循环密切相关的理论,提出了一种基于散斑血流成像的检测方法。对检测过程中由于被测对象身体抖动等因素产生的图像信噪比下降问题进行研究和改进,并通过软管模拟实验对成像系统的稳定性进行验证。然后,对10名健康志愿者的内关穴或外关穴进行艾灸实验,以血流灌注指数为检测指标,采用散斑血流成像系统对手部不同经络的穴位及非穴位检测点进行检测。实验结果表明:艾灸后,在艾灸点所在经络上的穴位检测到的血流灌注指数增加比其它穴位点高20%。激光散斑血流成像系统能够对理疗过程中皮肤血流变化予以大视角的成像,此方法在中医理疗功效检测中具有有效性。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在中药鉴定中的应用

中药鉴定学是一门传统而古老的学问,是随着中医理论的建立和发展,中药鉴定学已成为一门系统而完善的学科。近年,国家制定了中药现代化发展规划。为了保证中药的质量,各种现代的鉴定法越来越多地在中药鉴定中被应用。利用高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC—Ms）联用技术,将HPLC对复杂样品的高分离能力与Ms的高选择性、高灵敏度以及能够提供分子量与结构信息的优点结合起来,可对中药质量进行比较全面的评价。本文就HPLC—MS联用技术近年来在中药材和中药制剂指纹图谱研究中的应用作一综述。     

11种补肾中成药物中铁镍钴含量研究

用火焰原子吸收法测定了11种临床上常用的补肾中成药物中铁、镍、钴的含量。结果表明,11种药物中铁含量非常丰富,镍、钴含量较丰富。证明了药效与补肾中成药物中所含微量元素有密切关系。     

Ultrastructural observations on tegumental surface of Raillietina echinobothrida and its alterations caused by root-peel extract of Millettia pachycarpa

Millettia pachycarpa Benth (Leguminosae) has a usage in traditional medicine system practiced among the Lushai tribes of Mizoram, a state in North East India, who customarily consume the aqueous extract of the root peel of the plant to get rid of intestinal worm infections. The crude ethanol, methanol, and acetone fractions of the plant were assayed against Raillietina echinobothrida, the intestinal cestode parasite of domestic fowl, to authenticate the putative anthelmintic efficacy and cestocidal potential in particular of the plants. In vitro exposure of the worm to the extract at a concentration of 25 mg/mL phosphate buffered saline (at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C) revealed distortion and disruption of mitochondria, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, basal lamina, and tegumental vacuolization in the distal cytoplasm leading to scar formation in the surface. The possible use of the plant as a potential anthelmintic against cestode parasite is discussed.     

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles as ‘natural’ drug delivery system for tissue regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have abilities to mediate tissue protection through mechanisms of anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress and anti-fibrosis as well as tissue regeneration through mechanisms of cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis. These effects by MSCs are mediated by a variety of factors, including growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among these factors, EVs, containing proteins, mRNA and microRNAs (miRNA), may carry their contents into distant tissues with high stability. Therefore, the treatment with MSC-derived EVs may be promising as ‘natural’ drug delivery systems (DDS). Especially, the treatment of MSC-derived EVs with the manipulation of specific miRNAs expression has been reported to be beneficial under a variety of diseases and tissue injuries. The overexpression of specific miRNAs in the EVs might be through pre-loading method using the gene editing system by plasmid vector or post-loading method to load miRNA mimics into EVs by electroporation or calcium chloride-mediated transfection. Despite current several challenges for clinical use, it should open the next era of regenerative medicine for a variety of diseases. In this article, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs as ‘natural’ DDS and current challenges.     

中药提取自动监控系统的设计

在中药生产中,提取工艺有其独特性,受到温度、压力、浓度、流动状态等参数的影响。根据中药生产的工艺特性,从其控制系统机理入手,设计了中药提取自动监控系统,由上位机、下位机和通讯系统组成。设计了管理层和检测、控制层软件系统,实现了中药生产的自动提取和监控。     

一种慢性病危险因素的二值控制及应用

高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)等是严重威胁人类健康的慢性病,其控制的最佳途径是控制导致慢性病发生的危险因素.根据个体人的实际身体状态,用控制理论的方法设计个体人危险因素控制策略,以实现个体化预防医学的目的.设人体系统的身体状态分为健康状态、高危状态和疾病状态,判断指标是血压、血糖、心率、血脂、体重指数、呼气容积肺活量比等,判断限值来自于各种疾病的中国防治指南.危险因素的状态控制系统包括人体、比较器、二值控制策略、标准等所构成的反馈控制,并设计RFCS软件帮助医师进行危险因素控制.通过19例志愿者的应用表明这个方法对社区的慢性病防治是有效的.     

Microscopic and phytochemical techniques as a tool for authentication of herbal drug chiraita: Swertia cordata (G. Don) C.B. Clarke

Swertia cordata (G. Don) C.B. Clarke is one of the potential medicinal plants extensively used in eastern traditional medicine such as Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and in traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine. S. paniculata is the common adulterant of S. cordata at herbal shops and markets but S. paniculata is also used in number of herbal formulations. The present study was conducted to use microscopic, pharmacognostic, and phytochemical techniques as a tool for the authentication of herbal drug chiraita (S. cordata). In herbal markets, mixing, adulteration, and use of spurious materials as substitute have become a major concern for herbal practitioners, local user, and industry for reasons of safety and efficacy. Therefore, authentication of medicinal plants is of utmost importance at each level of drug research. In the present study, anatomical features of two species showed a great diversity, as irregular epidermal cells and nonglandular, unicellular trichomes were found in S. cordata while in S. paniculata epidermal cells were hexagonal in shape and trichomes were A‐shaped. Antioxidant activity of two species showed a great variation where IC₅₀ value recorded for S. cordata was 208 μg/mL, while for S. paniculata IC₅₀ was 624 μg/mL. The study can serve as an important source of information to achieve the authenticity and to evaluate the quality and purity of the plant material in accordance to WHO guidelines. As this species is greatly exploited, so conservation is highly recommended.     

基于ARM9的嵌入式数控系统的设计

对传统的数控系统进行了比较与研究,发现传统的数控系统硬件大多数基于工业控制器之上,分析了基于一般工业控制器的传统数控系统的缺陷,提出了一种基于ARM9微处理器为核心的嵌入式数控系统.该嵌入式数控系统以ARM9微处理器作为硬件平台,采用Windows CE5.0作为操作系统,利用Embedded Visual C++在Windows CE5.0系统平台上开发用户所需程序.系统较好地弥补了传统数控系统的局限性,大大降低了成本,系统能可靠地实时地进行多任务处理,同时由于采用了硬件插补代替了传统的软件插补,提高了加工表面质量.     

改进QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定甘草中86种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法同时测定甘草中86种农药残留，比较了9种不同QuEChERS方法的净化效率和回收率，结果表明，无石墨化碳黑（NGCB）QuEChERS方法效果最佳。在依赖保留时间的多反应监测模式（scheduled MRM）下，采用UPLC-MS/MS法对农药进行定量。86种农药的线性相关系数（r）均大于0.991 3，检出限为0.2~9 μg/kg。在3个（10、50、100 μg/kg）添加水平下，86种农药的回收率为65.0%~129.4%，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=6）为1.0%~19.3%。采用该方法对市场上收集的64批甘草样品进行测定，检出17种农药。该方法可为准确、高效、经济地检测甘草中目标物提供参考。     

实现精确种牙的现代设计与制造技术

针对国内种牙手术中普遍存在的依赖医生临床经验进行操作,手术的精确度和质量有待改善的问题,将图像处理、三维重建、快速成形制造等现代设计与制造技术与医学结合,构建精确种牙技术体系。对系统框架、口腔三维重建、手术导板设计、物理模型制造等关键问题进行了深入研究,实现了种牙导板的设计与制造,并在11例种牙手术中得到了应用。临床应用实例表明,应用精确种牙技术体系,种牙的效率和质量可以得到有效提高。     

基于PLC的Fuzzy—PID在密度控制中的研究

在中药生产工艺中,对于影响产品质量的密度控制尤为重要。针对密度控制的特点,在常规PID控制的基础上,本文提出模糊PID的控制算法。通过使用PLC和组态软件实现模糊PID控制。系统的仿真结果表明,该控制器有效地提高了调节速度,超调量更小,控制更稳定。     

Hydrogen peroxide in micropropagation of Lilium. A comparison with a traditional methodology.

The micropropagation of Lilium longiflorum requires adequate equipment which may not be afforded by small laboratories or producers. In this work we compared traditional methodology with a protocol that included easily available elements to sterilize materials and culture media, together with addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the nutrient media as chemical sterilizer. A series of H2O2 concentrations (0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020% p/v) was used to control contamination during in vitro establishment and subsequent cultivation; the explant organogenic response was also examined and compared to the traditional micropropagation technique. The level of culture contamination was within acceptable limits in all treatments, though it was higher in the H2O2 treatments (40%) compared to the traditional methodology (20%). There were not significant differences in the number of bulblets per explant, and at the end of the multiplication phase, bulblets from 0.02% H2O2 treatment had greater biomass than from other treatments, indicating a beneficial effect. These bulblets also had a higher relative growth ratio with respect to the traditional method when cultivated for an additional period and showed the highest average bulblet fresh weight. It is expected that this higher bulblet mass would result in better performance during ex vitro cultivation.     

个性化药物：基因组学对于健康教育的意义及相关技术

本文综述了当前与个性化药物相关的基因组学技术。美国大多数医院死亡报告案例（由用药错误、院内感染、医生失误所引起的大量的患者死亡）给我们敲响了警钟;因此提出将基因药物与常规药物结合使用以有效减少这些事故的发生率。     

电化学指纹图谱用于中药的质量控制

中药作为一种天然产物,成分复杂,药效成分不明确,因此,只有对中药进行现代意义下科学的质量控制,才能更好地保证中药的质量。本文对电化学振荡指纹图谱用于中草药的鉴定与定量分析进行探讨,结果表明,电化学振荡指纹图谱的特征参数可以用于中草药的鉴别,其中诱导时间、最大振幅均与甘草的用量呈良好的线性关系。     

Delineating the role of phytocompounds against anti-bacterial drug resistance–An update

Antibacterial resistance developed by bacteria due to the unlimited use of antibiotics has posed a challenge for human civilization. This kind of problem is not limited to India only, but it is a global concern. Nowadays, many treatments and medicines for bacterial diseases have been developed. However, they possess some drawbacks. Therefore, the alternative medicine has been used to target the drug resistant mechanisms and such medicines have less side effects which is becoming necessary. Natural products have traditionally or historically been of importance for the development of antibacterial agents and are also known to overcome bacterial drug resistance by directly targeting the drug resistance mechanisms in bacteria. In recent years, researchers have also focused on new drug discovery from plant-based research. They have looked on various phytocompounds as antibacterial agents. In the current review, we report various classes of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, quinones, and some essential oils that have been used as an antibacterial agent. In addition, we also discuss several mechanisms behind bacterial multi-drug resistance that are used during bacterial pathogenesis.     

基于PLC控制的中药智能配药机

介绍了一种新型中药智能配药机控制系统。该系统为两级控制，PC机作为上位机进行信息管理和控制规划，PLC作为控制机实现控制任务。还介绍了独特的下药机构、配药机械手及控制系统组成。     

Protective effect of aqueous suspension of dried latex of Calotropis procera against oxidative stress and renal damage in diabetic rats

Calotropis species have been used in the traditional medicinal system for the treatment of diseases of the liver and abdomen. In view of the antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties of an aqueous suspension obtained from the dried latex of Calotropis procera, the present study was carried out to evaluate its efficacy in affording protection against alloxan induced changes in rat kidney. A single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg) in rats produced hyperglycemia within 3 days and altered kidney functions over a period of 90 days. Daily oral administration of the aqueous suspension (100 and 400 mg/kg) in diabetic rats produced anti-hyperglycemic effect that was comparable to that of glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). Unlike glibenclamide, the aqueous suspension did not increase the serum insulin levels in diabetic rats. However, it produced a marked reduction in the levels of urinary glucose and protein and normalized the renal tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) in diabetic rats and the effect was comparable to that of glibenclamide. The protection afforded by the aqueous suspension was also evident from the histological analysis of the renal tissue. Our study shows that by exhibiting antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic property the aqueous suspension of dried latex of C. procera affords protection against the complications associated with diabetes.