自适应路由服务合成:模型及优化

当前新型网络应用不断涌现,用户对不同类型应用的通信需求也呈现出多样化和个性化的特点.面向用户频繁产生和变化的通信需求,网络服务提供商（Internet Service Provider,ISP）通常以不断地购买及部署大量新型的专用网络路由设备的方式来应对,导致其运营成本高昂,资源浪费严重,网络建设与发展的可持续性差.对此,本文从软件角度出发,考虑路由功能重用,通过选择合适的路由功能,在通信路径上为应用合成定制化的路由服务,满足用户差异化的需求.基于网络功能虚拟化（Network Function Virtualization,NFV）和软件定义网络（Software-DefinedNetworking,SDN）,本文提出了一种自适应路由服务合成机制,运用软件产品线技术,构建路由服务产品线,作为路由功能选择和路由服务优化的基础.基于机器学习,运用多层前馈神经网,构建路由服务离线模式和在线模式两阶段学习模型,对路由功能选择及组合进行持续学习和优化,实现路由服务的定制化目标,以提高用户的服务体验.进行了仿真实现,研究结果表明,本文提出的模型是可行和有效的.     

基于多样化业务需求的多态路由模型研究

针对结构固定僵化、功能单一的传统路由机制不能有效适应多样化业务需求这一问题,提出了一种路由功能与业务需求自适配的多态路由模型,为支持多样化业务需求提供个性化定制路由服务,并设计实现了多态路由原型系统。该系统采用可编程路由器软件开源控制平台Quagga、可编程NetFPGA -10G平台作为控制平面和数据平面,通过虚拟化技术以及灵活可编程的数据平面结构实现多种路由协议的共存,并基于NetFPGA-10G平台设计实现了多态路由原型系统。测试实验证明,多态路由系统在保证业务的服务质量方面有很大提升,支持业务定制个性化的路由服务路径,并且转发速率、丢包率以及传输带宽等性能都有提高。     

基于个性化线路定制的景区导游APP设计与实现

计算机和互联网技术日新月异,为旅游产业提供了新的发展思路。基于中国互联网信息中心发布的旅游数据进行分析,得出借助计算机和互联网技术实现个性化定制旅游将成为未来旅游市场的主流方式。文章从用户特点出发,以景区内游玩线路的定制为切入点,着重阐述线路定制对个性化旅游的重要性,最后设计并实现了一款基于线路定制的景区导游APP,该APP通过模块化设计思想,将系统分为定位模块、线路定制模块、线路查询模块、推荐模块等,引入最优路径、最短路径算法思路来满足游客的个性化需求。文章的思想对未来旅游产业的转型有着一定探索和指导作用。     

云环境下利用用户到数据中心建模的高效节能路由算法

针对云计算用户、服务、供应商和数据中心的密度不断增长导致传输数据、网络流量和基础设施的大量能耗问题,提出针对云数据的高效节能路由算法。其目的是在用户和数据中心之间定位出最低能量消耗路线,同时确保用户需求。首先,对用户到数据中心的连通性进行建模,分析了网络拓扑结构;然后为了用户意图最简化和能量最小化,通过遍历节点最小数的基线最短路径算法进行评估,将用户任务通过最节能路径发送到数据中心,从而最小化能量损耗和服务响应时间(SRT)。实验的网络拓扑结构使用互联网服务提供商(ISP)的分支设计。实验结果表明提出的算法具有更短的路由路径长度和更低的路由能耗。此外,最短路径方法只有在成功发送或接收之后才能确定最节能的路由。     

Mining affective needs of automotive industry customers for building a mass-customization recommender system

Mass customization systems aim to receive customer preferences in order to facilitate personalization of products and services. Current online configuration systems are unable to efficiently identify real customer affective needs because they offer an excess variety of products that usually confuse customers. On the other hand, mining affective customer needs may result in recommender systems, which can enhance existing configuration systems by recommending initial configurations according to customer affective needs. This paper introduces a mass customization recommender system that exploits data mining techniques on automotive industry customer data aiming at revealing associations between user affective needs and the design parameters of automotive products. One key novelty of the presented approach is that it deploys the Citarasa engineering, a methodology that focuses on the provision of the appropriate characterizations on customer data in order to associate them with customer affective needs. Based on the application of classification techniques we build a recommendation engine, which is evaluated in terms of user satisfaction, tool’s effectiveness, usefulness and reliability among other parameters.     

A semantic-expansion approach to personalized knowledge recommendation

The rapid propagation of the Internet and information technologies has changed the nature of many industries. Fast response and personalized recommendations have become natural trends for all businesses. This is particularly important for content-related products and services, such as consulting, news, and knowledge management in an organization. The digital nature of their products allows for more customized delivery over the Internet. To provide personalized services, however, a complete understanding of user profile and accurate recommendation are essential.In this paper, an Internet recommendation system that allows customized content to be suggested based on the user's browsing profile is developed. The method adopts a semantic-expansion approach to build the user profile by analyzing documents previously read by the person. Once the customer profile is constructed, personalized contents can be provided by the system. An empirical study using master theses in the National Central library in Taiwan shows that the semantic-expansion approach outperforms the traditional keyword approach in catching user interests. The proper usage of this technology can increase customer satisfaction.     

A conceptual model of service customization and its implementation

With the development of Internet and next generation networks in telecommunications, more and more new services are required to be introduced into networks. Introducing new services into traditional network is always associated with standardizing new protocols. The progress of protocol standardization usually takes several years, which cannot meet the increasing demands of the applications in Internet and next generation networks. Service customization in network systems may be one possible solution to cope with this problem. Based on the principle that network service is provided by interactions among protocol entities, this paper proposes a conceptual model of service customization (SECUM) by separating the service logic from protocol interactive logic within existing network architecture. The theory of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) is used to formalize the SECUM in order to locate exactly the service logic and to define precisely the SECUM. For validating the SECUM‘s usability in practical network systems, this paper also proposes an implementation model for SECUM: a component-based protocol implementation model (CPIM). CPIM discomposes protocol entity into application component, service component, message component and communication component. Service component associates application component with message component. Users or network managers can customize network services by configuring service component. The paper shows respectively the applications of SECUM and CPIM by proposing a customizable IP service model based on SECUM and describing an implementation of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based on CPIM. Compared with the existing service-customization techniques, SECUM is a service customization model internal to network system and may provide more powerful capabilities of service customization.     

一个基于后备服务的高可靠工作流开发模型

随着互联网的发展,面向Web服务的工作流技术逐渐兴起。然而在开放多变的网络环境中,组成工作流的网络服务的可靠性变化,网络连接的可靠性变化,都对工作流的可靠执行带来挑战。目前工作流可靠性研究较多地关注如何选取并确定一条最可靠的工作流路径,以及如何选取可靠性较高的服务来组成工作流,这些方法较难应对网络环境的多变以及服务本身可靠性的变化。随着Web服务的广泛普及,网络中涌现出大量的等价服务,利用等价服务作为后备服务来达到构建更可靠的工作流的目的。基于此想法,给出了一个高可靠工作流的开发模型,包括基于后备服务的工作流描述机制,以及工作流可靠性评估机制;最后,给出相应的工作流脚本转换工具实现,可将其转换成标准的BPEL脚本并运行。     

服务器漫游防御DDoS攻击研究

分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击已经成为目前整个互联网安全的严重威胁。提出了防御DDoS攻击的两道防线：（1）由ISP（Internet服务提供商）提供的主动缓解技术,ISP收集的曾参与攻击的网络实体组成的黑名单使客户可以共享。针对每个客户生成的信任列表和黑名单,结合用户自己制定的策略生成特定用户的缓解策略;（2）采用服务器漫游技术缓解DDoS攻击,服务器集合中的几个是活跃的并提供服务,其余用作蜜罐,只有合法客户才能跟踪漫游的服务器。实验证明,配置蜜罐后能有效地过滤掉攻击流量,使服务器能继续为合法客户提供服务。     

面向最小碳排放量的接送机场服务的车辆路径与调度

车辆路径与调度问题 (Vehicle routing and scheduling problem, VRSP)是制造系统自动化和商业服务系统优化调度要解决的重要问题, 常常以路径最短或成本(时间)最小为 优化目标. 在强制性碳排放政策的影响下, 如何通过路径优化与调度实现系统的节能减排, 已经成为管理者一个优化控制的目标. 本文 建立了针对接送机场服务中以最小碳排放量为目标的车次分配与调度问 题的0-1混合整数规划模型, 采用了改进的基于时间和地域划分的极线扫描算法. 重点通过不同类型、规模测试实例, 分别从测试实例的 顾客点位置分布、顾客规模以及车辆容量大小、满意度水平分析了对人均 碳排放的影响程度, 对现实接送机场服务运作中车辆配置和设置服务水平提供了有价值的建议.     

基于均等化的企业服务选择方法研究

集群式供应链中,企业服务资源通过动态组合与匹配来应对快速多变的市场需求。然而,服务资源匹配的非均等化现象普遍存在,大量需求集中到少数服务资源上,不仅造成了服务资源整体利用率偏低,也降低了客户需求的满意度。因此,如何实现企业服务资源的均等化匹配,充分利用现有资源来提升效益,已经成为该领域亟需解决的问题。从两个方面进行了深入研究:首先根据企业服务的运行特征,设计了反映均等化状态的QoS评价模型;然后,构建了一个完整的均等化服务选择过程,通过调整QoS评价模型中的均等化系数,逐步消除服务匹配中的不均衡现象,从而实现客户所期望的均等化效果。实验结果表明,基于均等化的服务选择方法能够有效提升服务资源的利用率,降低需求完成的时间成本,具有可行性。     

The relationship between quality of service perceived and delivered in mobile Internet communications

Today mobile network operators offer a wide variety of mobile Internet services to their customers including mobile email, banking, and news services. The acceptance of these services is heavily based on quality of service (QoS) experienced by the user. So far the discussion of QoS has been very network centric and the key to user satisfaction has been the network performance. In this paper we analyze the relationship between QoS perceived by the customer and network performance offered by the service provider. We conduct a lab experiment where network performance variables were controlled. Statistical analysis of the results indicates that there is no 1:1 correspondence or even truly linear relationship between network performance and perceived QoS as recommended by the International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication (ITU-T). Instead the relationship varied from application to application. We examine several usability factors as potential reasons behind this phenomenon and make suggestions for future research.     

大数据下的CPS自适应路由服务

作为一个网络信息系统,信息物理融合系统（CPS）包含计算、人类活动以及通过消息通信技术实现的自动决策。CPS由许多异构的子系统组成,不同于其他控制系统,随着多种多样新型网络应用的涌现,传统的路由配置模式越来越难以适应CPS多样化的数据通信需求。因此,需要依据不同类型CPS子系统应用差异化的通信需求,在数据分组的传输路径上配置合适的路由功能,自适应地合成满足分组传输特性的路由服务,改善通信性能。根据大数据带来的数据间关联关系新范式,试图从大量的CPS应用通信流状态数据中,分析获取评判CPS通信服务质量与路由服务各属性之间的依赖关系,从而定制高效的路由服务。基于此,提出了大数据驱动的CPS自适应路由服务定制机制,主要由网内大量流状态数据为驱动,建立了CPS通信属性模型,挖掘CPS的通信性能对路由需求的依赖关系,获得候选路由功能集合。分析结果表明,提出的由大数据驱动的定制化路由服务可以有效地处理不断扩展的CPS网络通信需求。     

域间多径路由条件下的运营商收益问题分析

部署域间多径路由是一个复杂的问题,而运营商由此产生的收益变化将直接关系到域间多径路由方案是否会被运营商接受并推广.从用户效用的角度出发,建立了运营商收益的优化模型,并对比了单一路径及多可达路径下运营商收益的变化情况以及各相关因素之间的影响关系.理论及仿真结果表明,采用多可达路径将给运营商带来更大的利润空间,并可为更多的用户和时延敏感类业务提供服务支撑.     

Auto-Discovery Capabilities for Service Management: An ISP Case Study

Auto-discovery is one of the key technologies that enables management systems to be quickly customized to the environments that they are intended to manage. As Internet services have grown in complexity in recent years, it is no longer sufficient to monitor and manage these services in isolation. Instead, it is critical that management systems discover dependencies that exist among Internet services, and use this knowledge for correlation of measurement resutls, so as to determine the root-causes of problems. While most existing management systems have focused on discovery of host, servers, and network elements in isolation, in this paper we describe auto-discovery techniques that discover relationships among services. Since new Internet services and service elements are being deployed at a rapid pace, it is essential that the discovery methodologies be implemented in an extensible manner, so that new discovery capabilities can be incrementally added to the management system. In this paper, we present an extensible architecture for auto-discovery and describe a prototype implementation of this architecture and associated auto-discovery techniques. We also highlight experiences from applying these techniques to discover real-world ISP systems. Although described in the context of ISP systems, the concepts described in this paper are applicable for the discovery of services and inter-service relationships in enterprise systems as well.     

The antecedents of consumers’ loyalty toward Internet Service Providers

Internet popularity is growing at an impressive rate. Sooner or later, every consumer comes face to face with the decision of choosing an Internet Service Provider (ISP). This study developed and empirically tested a model examining the antecedents of consumer loyalty toward ISPs. It incorporated the concept of expected technology change into the model to examine its effects on the formation of ISP loyalty intention. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and the structural equation modeling techniques were used to evaluate the casual model. Based on an internet survey in Taiwan, this study showed that perceived value is very important in generating overall customer satisfaction and loyalty intention toward an ISP, and that perceived trust of an ISP enhances perceived value, overall satisfaction, and loyalty intention. However, the study demonstrated that future ISP technology expectancy exerted a negative influence on a consumer’s overall satisfaction and loyalty intention toward their ISP.     

Context-aware middleware for resource management in the wireless Internet

The provisioning of Web services over the wireless Internet introduces novel challenging issues for service design and implementation: from user/terminal mobility during service execution, to wide heterogeneity of portable access devices and unpredictable modifications in accessible resources. In this scenario, there are frequent provision-time changes in the context, defined as the logical set of accessible resources depending on client location, access terminal capabilities, and system/service management policies. The development of context-dependent services requires novel middlewares with full context visibility. We propose a middleware for context-aware resource management, called CARMEN, capable of supporting the automatic reconfiguration of wireless Internet services in response to context changes without any intervention on the service logic. CARMEN determines the context on the basis of metadata, which include declarative management policies and profiles for user preferences, terminal capabilities, and resource characteristics. In addition, CARMEN exploits the mobile agent technology to implement mobile middleware components that follow the provision-time movement of clients to support locally their customized service access. The proposed middleware shows how metadata and mobile agents can favor component reusability and automatic service reconfiguration, by reducing the development/ deployment complexity.     

一种面向用户的Web服务组装方法

为了将分布在Internet上异构的Web服务组装成新的服务提供给用户,提出一种面向用户的Web服务组装方法,将组装过程分为需求拆分、服务选择、执行服务组装和服务结果合并四个阶段,并提出了基于组装模式的用户需求输入及拆分方法、基于QoS的服务选择模型和基于中间模式的异构消息转换模型。最后通过物流领域服务组装平台的设计与实现,验证了上述方法的可行性与有效性。     

支持大规模个性化功能需求的服务网络构建

提出一种面向大规模功能个性化需求的服务组合方法,支持服务的大规模个性化定制.现实服务场景通常面临多客户的大量并发的请求,且不同客户对服务的功能需求存在差异.传统方法在应对该场景时需要针对每个需求分别构建服务组合方案,成本代价高.该方法同时考虑多需求,利用潜在收益为需求排序,利用多需求在功能上的相似性、采用渐进迭加策略逐步形成可定制服务方案（称为服务网络）,采用需求分组策略降低算法时间复杂性.通过实验,将该方法与其他组合策略进行对比分析,证明了方法的有效性.该方法把服务网络作为持久化存在的基础设施,将个性化和标准化结合起来,以最少的服务来满足尽可能多的需求,达到优化的成本有效性和客户满意度,可应用于各类现代服务领域.     

Using Semantics for Policy-Based Web Service Composition

Proliferation of Web technologies and the ubiquitous Internet has resulted in a tremendous increase in the need to deliver one-stop Web services, which are often composed of multiple component services that cross organizational boundaries. It is essential that these Web services, referred to in this paper as service flows, be carefully composed in a dynamic and customized manner to suit to the changing needs of the customers. This composition should be conducted in such a manner that (i) the composed service flow adheres to the policies imposed by the organizations offering the component services, (ii) the selected component services are compatible with one another so that the entire composition would result in a successful service flow, and (iii) the selected component services most closely meet the customer requirements. In this paper, we propose a policy-based Web service composition that utilizes the semantics associated with the component services.We consider policies imposed by different entities while composing service flows, which include service policies (imposed by the organizations offering component services), service flow policies (associated with the entire service flow), and user policies (the user requirements expressed as policies). In addition to these policies, one may consider rules at the syntactic and semantic levels that can be used to select relevant component services in order to compose customized service flows, by considering the notions of syntactic, semantic and policy compatibility. We model the different policies and the service topic ontology using OWL, DAML-S, RuleML and RDF standards.Recommended by: Athman Bouguettaya and Boualem BenatallahThe work is supported by and a grant from the Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute, New Jersey Meadowlands Commission.