管式电炉合成氮化镓晶粒的研究

以Ga2O3为Ga源,氨气(NH3)为N源,通过氮化反应合成了高质量的GaN晶粒。用XRD,FTIR和TEM对生成产物的组分、结构进行了研究。结果表明,用管式电炉合成的GaN为多晶体,属六方晶系。     

磁控溅射和氨化法生长GaN纳米棒及其特性

使用一种新奇的稀土元素铽(Tb)作催化剂,通过氨化磁控溅射在Si(111)衬底上的Ga2O3/Tb薄膜,合成了大量的GaN纳米棒,氨化温度为950℃,氨化时间为15min。该方法可以进行持续合成且制备的GaN纳米棒纯度较高、成本低廉。实验后分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对样品进行了结构、表面形态和成分测试。通过XRD和XPS测试分析,合成的纳米棒具有六方纤锌矿GaN结构;通过SEM、TEM和HRTEM观察分析得出合成的纳米棒为单晶GaN纳米棒。简单讨论了GaN纳米棒的生长机制。     

氧化物缓冲层制备Si(111)基GaN纳米线

采用氧化物缓冲层,通过射频磁控溅射系统依次在n型Si(111)衬底上沉积Ga2O3/ZnO(Ga2O3/MgO)薄膜,然后将薄膜于950℃氨化合成GaN纳米结构,氨化时间为15min。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外吸收谱(FTIR)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对样品的结构进行了分析,结果显示两种缓冲层下制备的样品均为六方纤锌矿单晶GaN纳米结构,且缓冲层的取向对纳米线的生长方向有很大影响;采用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的形貌进行了测试,发现纳米线表面光滑,长度可达几十微米,表明采用氧化物缓冲层制备了高质量的GaN线。同时对GaN纳米线的生长机理进行了简单讨论。     

竹叶状GaN纳米带的制备

为了制备GAN纳米带,用射频磁控溅射法在Si(111)衬底上先溅射ZnO中间层,接着溅射Ga2O3,然后ZnO/Ga2O3膜在开管炉中1000℃下常压通氨气进行氨化。在氨气气氛中ZnO在高温下挥发,借助于ZnO挥发的帮助,Ga2O3与NH3反应自组装生成GaN纳米带。XRD分析结果表明GaN纳米带为六方纤锌矿结构,利用SEM观测GaN纳米带具有竹叶状形貌,PL谱测量发现了位于370nm处和460nm处的室温光致发光峰。     

磁控溅射和氨化法生长GaN纳米棒及其特性

使用一种新奇的稀土元素铽（Tb）作催化剂,通过氨化磁控溅射在Si（111）衬底上的Ga2O3/Tb薄膜,合成了大量的GaN纳米棒,氨化温度为950℃,氨化时间为15min。该方法可以进行持续合成且制备的GaN纳米棒纯度较高、成本低廉。实验后分别用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对样品进行了结构、表面形态和成分测试。通过XRD和XPS测试分析,合成的纳米棒具有六方纤锌矿GaN结构;通过SEM、TEM和HRTEM观察分析得出合成的纳米棒为单晶GaN纳米棒。简单讨论了GaN纳米棒的生长机制。     

合成GaN粗晶体棒的研究

利用磁控溅射系统,在Si(111)衬底上的SiC缓冲层上溅射Ga2O3纳米颗粒薄膜。然后令该薄膜在NH3中高温退火,在产物中发现直径为数百纳米的GaN棒。直径如此大的GaN棒在国内外鲜有报道。该晶体棒被认为是在Ga2O3薄膜与NH3自组装反应过程中形成。该工艺可为合成大尺寸GaN一维结构提供一条新的途径。     

Si基氨化ZnO/Ga2O3薄膜制备GaN纳米线

利用射频磁控溅射法在Si(111)衬底上溅射ZnO中间层和Ga2O3薄膜,然后在管式炉中常压下通氨气对ZnO/Ga2O3薄膜进行氨化,高温下ZnO层在氨气气氛中挥发,而Ga2O3薄膜和氨气反应合成出GaN纳米线.X射线衍射测量结果表明利用该方法制备的GaN纳米线具有沿c轴方向择优生长的六角纤锌矿结构.利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外透射谱、能量弥散谱及选区电子衍射观测并分析了样品的形貌、成分和晶格结构.研究发现ZnO层的挥发有利于Ga2O3和NH3反应合成GaN纳米线.     

GaN纳米线生长的影响因素与机理分析

基于气液固(VLS)反应机制,采用厚度为2~3 nm的金属镍作为催化剂,金属镓和氨气分别用作Ⅲ族和Ⅴ族的生长源,在自行改造的化学气相沉积(CVD)设备内获得了大面积GaN纳米线。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能量分散X射线荧光(EDX)谱和透射电镜(TEM)测试,表明GaN纳米线的成核及生长与反应室气路结构有密切关系,水平弯管式气路将有利于GaN纳米线的生长。此外,生长气流将直接影响GaN纳米线的生长状况,生长温度为920℃、NH3和N2的气流量分别为100和500 cm3/min时,可以获得形貌较好的纳米线。同时,探索了Ga源与样品位置间的距离对纳米线中Ga和N的质量分数的影响,并分析了其影响机理。     

Si基氨化ZnO／Ga2O3薄膜制备GaN纳米线

利用射频磁控溅射法在Si(111)衬底上溅射ZnO中间层和Ga2O3薄膜，然后在管式炉中常压下通氨气对ZnO/Ga2O3薄膜进行氨化，高温下ZnO层在氨气气氛中挥发，而Ga2O3薄膜和氨气反应合成出GaN纳米线．X射线衍射测量结果表明利用该方法制备的GaN纳米线具有沿c轴方向择优生长的六角纤锌矿结构．利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外透射谱、能量弥散谱及选区电子衍射观测并分析了样品的形貌、成分和晶格结构．研究发现ZnO层的挥发有利于Ga2O3和NH3反应合成GaN纳米线．     

RF磁控溅射和氨化法制备GaN纳米棒和纳米颗粒

利用射频磁控溅射法分别溅射ZnO中间层和Ga2O3薄膜到Si(111)衬底上,然后ZnO/Ga2O3薄膜在管式石英炉中常压下通氨气进行氨化,高温下ZnO在氨气气氛中被还原生成Zn而升华,而在不同的氨化时间下Ga2O3和氨气反应合成出GaN纳米棒和纳米颗粒。X射线衍射(XRD)测量结果表明,利用该方法制备GaN纳米棒和颗粒具有沿c轴择优取向生长的六方纤锌矿结构。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外透射谱(FTIR)及选区电子衍射(SAED)观测和分析了样品的形貌、成分和晶格结构。研究分析了此种方法合成GaN纳米结构的反应机制。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.