2E12铝合金的疲劳性能与裂纹扩展行为

研究了2E12合金在不同应力水平下的疲劳性能及疲劳裂纹扩展速率,采用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了该合金的微观组织和断口形貌特征.结果表明:高纯2E12合金具有良好的耐损伤疲劳性能,当应力比R=0.1时,疲劳强度σ=172 MPa,R=0.5时的疲劳强度σ=280 MPa,比R=0.1时提高了60%,缺口的存在降低了疲劳强度.R=0.1,△K=30 Mpa·m1/2时,da/dN约为2.7×10-3 mm/周,比国产2024合金裂纹扩展速率(6.5×10-3 mm/周)低60%左右.2E12合金疲劳断口由裂纹源区、裂纹扩展区及瞬断区三部分组成,裂纹萌生一般位于试样表面应力集中处或不同类型的缺陷部位.     

ZG20MnSi钢断裂韧度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

研究了ZG20MnSi钢及其焊接热影响区的断裂韧度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率。ZG20MnSi钢在常温下有较高的断裂韧度,δi达0.158mm,在0℃时δi为0.145mm。焊接热影响区的断裂韧度降低,但常温下δi也达0.146mm,在0℃时δi为0.139mm。ZG20MnSi钢在空气中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为dn/dN=5.2857×10-12(△K)4.1;在滴水环境中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为da/dN=3.7515×10-13(△K)4.9。     

“过载”在da/dN—ΔK曲线与ΔK_(th)降载法测量中的影响及其对策

对在 10 - 5～ 10 - 7mm cycle疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da dN—ΔK和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth测量中常用的降载法进行研究。每一级载荷疲劳裂纹扩展二次 (Δa1i,ΔN1i)和 (Δa2i,ΔN2i)。用多点多项式分别拟合 (Δa1i,ΔN1i,ΔK1i)和(Δa2i,ΔN2i,ΔK2i) ,i=1,2 ,3 ,… ,n。每一种材料得到两条da dN—ΔK曲线和两个ΔKth。结果表明 ,降载法中的前一级载荷仍明显有过载作用 ,干扰材料疲劳裂纹扩展 ,影响测量数据的真实性。本文提出解决方法———“二次扩展法” ,即在每一级载荷 ,舍去受前一级载荷影响大的第一次循环数据 ,而用受前一级载荷影响较小的第二次循环数据作为疲劳裂纹扩展曲线da dN—ΔK和计算疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth的数据     

应用J积分法测定40CrNiMoVA(ESR)钢的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率

采用控制恒应变幅的方法,测定了40CrNi3MoVA(ESR)钢的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率。根据裂纹长度和对应的载荷大小求得循环J 积分(△J),与扩展速率(da/dN),得出da/dN=4.26×10~(-5)(△J_t)~(1.161)其中[da/dN]=[mm/cycle],[△J_t]=[KN/m]实验表明,J 积分可以用于低周疲劳裂纹扩展的研究。     

φ2000mm球形容器接管部位疲劳扩展试验研究

本文对带有预制接管焊缝裂纹和拐角裂纹的大型实物球形容器进行了疲劳试验研究。试验中采用的降载勾线技术是成功的。试验结果表明:接管部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率在1×10~-3mm/C左右,da/dN可由Δ_(Jeff)较好地描述。     

da/dN实验数据的一种处理方法

一、引言关于裂纹疲劳扩展速率,近年来研究很多。目前关于da/dN的数学表达式已有数十种之多。其中最为常用的是Paris提出的半经验公式: da/dN=C(ΔK)~m (1)     

应变疲劳da/dN的测定及其与J积分关系的探讨

本文进行的恒应变疲劳(恒裂纹嘴张开位移幅疲劳)较成功地测定了16Mn钢材单边裂纹的应变疲劳扩展速率,并运用EPRI提供的弹塑性评定公式,计算了应变疲劳裂纹扩展过程中,不同裂纹长度所相应的J积分值,得出了da/dN与⊿J的指数规律关系式。即对16Mn钢材单边裂纹平板试样有: da/dN=1.3×10~(-7)(⊿J)~(2.06)     

Q235材料的Paris常数C、m及ΔK_(th)值测试

以大型机械结构最常用的Q2 3 5板材 (等同于ASTMA3 6)为研究对象 ,在实验室条件下测取裂纹扩展速率的Paris常数C、m ,并验证与轧制方向垂直的裂纹受平行于轧制方向应力作用时最易扩展的结论。同时以应力比R =0 .1加载试验数据外延计算获得其门槛值ΔKth(da dN =0 .5× 10 - 6 mm cycle时 )。     

加载频率对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

我们在自制的共振式高频疲劳试验机和三点弯曲试样疲劳装置上测定了30Cr2MoV钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率。试验是在10000周/分、980周/分、104周/分、11周/分、0.7周/分等五种加载频率下进行。本文在这项试验工作的基础上,探讨了加载频率对亚临界裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。对于30Cr2MoV钢,在中速扩展阶段,加载频率对亚临界裂纹扩展速率的影响表现为: da/dN=(2.78-0.447logf)×10~(-9)(△K)~(2.46)     

600MPa冷压桥壳钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率

利用光学显微镜观察Mn-Ti体系和Nb-V体系600 MPa冷压桥壳钢显微组织,采用MTS-810低频疲劳试验机,在试验频率为10Hz条件下,应用三点弯曲法,对2种成分体系冷压桥壳钢进行疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,并绘制2种试验材料的裂纹扩展速率da/dN与应力强度因子幅度ΔK的关系曲线。结果表明,2种成分体系桥壳钢显微组织均为铁素体+少量的珠光体,Nb-V体系铁素体晶粒尺寸为3.3μm,Mn-Ti体系铁素体晶粒尺寸为5.8μm。利用线性拟合法,得到Mn-Ti体系和Nb-V体系的Paris方程系数分别为:m=2.629 8,C=4.13×10~(-12) mm/次和m=2.679 9,C=1.30×10~(-12) mm/次,计算得出裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth分别为46.50和66.58 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....