冲击电流下接地极屏蔽效应的试验研究(英文)

Generally,the flow of a lightning impulse current from a grounding electrode into ground is a very complicated process determined by many factors.In order to analyze the mechanism of the impulse current dissipating in the earth from grounding electrode,the experiments that had been carried out by other authors almost used a single horizontal grounding wire or vertical grounding rod for sake of simplicity.However,in practical conditions,most of the grounding systems are constructed of grounding electrodes with branches in different directions.In this study,basing on the principle of dimensional similarity,impulse simulation experiments are performed on the common ground electrodes with conductor branches.This paper focuses on analyzing the impulse current dispersal regularity of different branches when injecting at one point.Comparing with the leakage current distribution of a single ground electrode,it is found that the leakage currents along the branches increase with the distance to the current feed point,and the more conductors near the injection point,the more uneven the leakage current distribution is.This work indicates that shielding effect should be taken into account when analyzing the impulse characteristics of grounding electrodes.     

架空配电线路雷电防护研究（英文）

There are two major protective methods against lightning outages on overhead distribution lines.One is a surge arrester,and the other is an overhead ground wire.The surge arresters have rather constant effect regardless of the cause of the lightning outage.On the other hand,the effect of an overhead ground wire is quite different in two major causes,the direct lightning hit and the induced overvoltage.It is sufficient to provide surge arresters with an interval of 300 m for protection against the induced overvoltage caused by the nearby lightning stroke.Use of an overhead ground wire together with surge arresters is effective for lightning protection against the direct lightning hit to a distribution line.Puncture of surge arresters is the popular outage when the outage caused by the insulation break decreases sufficiently.Also,the existence of nearby trees leads to the line break due to the side flash from a tree.Advanced lightning protection equipment with ZnO arrester components is popular in Japan.Modeling of a pole transformer and application of an electromagnetic analysis method,such as FDTD method,to surge phenomena is considerably advanced.     

电缆外护套环流分布在线监测系统的研制(英文)

The value of metal sheath’s circulating current of cross-linked power cables is very small in ideal condition, but the value is not so small that the circulating current can’t be ignored because of various factors in actual running condition. The circulating current method can judge whether the multipoint earthing fault happens by monitoring the variety of metal sheath’s circulating current value. This article introduces an on-line monitoring system which uses the circulating current method to monitor the multipoint earthing fault of the metal sheath. In the hardware layer, we use distributed current sensors and microcontroller’s acquisition units to complete the signal acquisition and signal conditioning of the circulating current value. After the distributed acquisition and conditioning, the signals, through the RS485 bus, will be sent to the Ethernet Serial Device Server network system and then connected to the console cabinet. The computer of the console cabinet could read the circulating current value on-line by the Real Com Mode of the Ethernet Serial Device Server. This distributed on-line monitoring system has a simple structure, excellent real-time performance and high reliability proved by the practical operation.     

Protective Measures to Oil Depot Against Lightning Stroke and Electrostatic Spark

Introduction Lightning can cause great destruction. According to the record in the northern China, more than 150 lightning strokes occur on a power system annually. High voltage (millions of volts) and large current (hundreds of -kA) associated with lightning, will damage property and even kill people and livestocks. It will be very dangerous if a lightning stroke strikes oil depot of power plant or substation. In addition, the high voltage induced by the electrostatic charge generated due to oil flowing will probably cause damage unless the electrification has been limited and drained off.     

IMPROVEMENT IN THE TRANSIENT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION BASED ON CORRELATION ANALYSIS

The principle of the current correlation differential protection based on the correlation integration was analyzed further in this paper. Through the analysis, we found that this criterion has disadvantages in some system conditions. Aiming to the applied requirement in the field, an improved applied correlation criterion was proposed. The power system models of different structures using ATP were built to simulate the improved criterion completely. Simulation studies show that the improved criterion preserves the advantages of correlation criterion, which is simple, fast and not effected by the distributed capacitance, more sensitive and reliable, easy to set. Pilot studies prove that the improved criterion is very suitable for the protection of EHV/UHV transmission lines.     

Effects of Location，Size and Number of Wind Turbine Receptorson Blade Lightning Protection

Electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning cause a serious hazard to various systems.Now wind turbine installations with higher power capacity are increasing.Higher power capacity requires higher height and so there is more probability of lightning strike.Blades are the most probable components to be struck by lightning.The most common lightning protection system for the blades consists of several metallic receptors on the blade surface.Those are connected to the ground by metallic down-conductors placed inside the blade shell.This paper studies effects of the receptor configurations on protecting the blade against lightning strike.For this purpose,an analysis procedure based on finite element method(FEM)in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment is used.The voltage distribution around the blade is simulated for various configurations of receptors.The best configuration is presented.Simulations are performed on the blade model of a special wind turbine,which isVESTAS V47".     

基于ATP-EMTP的±500kV直流线路雷击事故仿真分析(英文)

This paper calculates and researches on lightning accident of ±500 kV Xing-An DC transmission line in Guangdong based on ATP-EMTP and the simulation calculation model of the HVDC has been constructed. The results show that: when a lightning current strikes to the positive polar conductor of double circuit transmission line and the flashover of insulator strings occurs, as the over-voltage wave propagating along the lines due to the coupling effect between the conductors, the grounding electrode lines would produce the coupling voltage wave, which makes the flashover of the insulator strings occur at the different place along the grounding electrode lines, the unbalanced current of the grounding polar line is produced due to the insulator strings flashover and the unbalanced current exists for a long time, when the unbalanced current is up to the locking condition, the negative polar conductor is locked and the double-pole block fault occurs. In the paper, some effective measures are given to prevent this accident.     

变压器直流偏磁及其与接地电阻关系的研究(英文)

Recently years,UHVDC transmission system is paid more attention to in the field of China’s power system.It takes key part in the China electrical power development stratagem.But,many problems are caused by UHVDC system,such as DC bias,corrosion of metal underground and so on.DC bias is harm to the transformers nearby UHVDC grounding polar.In this paper,the influences of DC grounding current on transformer are introduced and some suggestions of DC bias solution were provided.And,the relationship between UHVDC Grounding Current and grounding Resistance of Substation was analyzed.Firstly,two-part network circuit was used to equivalent the grounding circuit.Then,an analysis of rules was done between DC bias current and grounding resistance.Finally,the conclusion is given that DC bias current rises fast as DC grounding resistance or AC grounding resistance rises.It drops when resistance of AC transmission line or interaction resistance between DC grounding system and AC grounding system rises.Decreasing AC grounding resistance and DC grounding resistance is important to restrain DC bias current.Increasing resistance of AC transmission line such as adding resistance into transformer neutral-point grounding is a useful way to limit DC bias current.     

±500kV双回进线的高压直流换流站雷电侵入波防护(英文)

In order to obtain reasonable schemes of arrester in converter stations, the arrester scheme of "Xiluodu-Guangdong HVDC ± 500 kV double circuit transmission" project against lighting induced overvoltage, which was designed according to the main principle of lightning protection in converter station, is discussed. A calculation of the lighting induced overvoltage in Zhaotong converter station un- der various operation modes is performed with ATP-EMTP software, then the surge arrester configuration of the converter station is decided, and the arrester protection schemes of smoothing reactor and neutral line are studied. It is concluded that additional protection is necessary because of the relatively large gap between protected disconnecting switch and arrester of metallic return transfer bus. Plus, the smoothing reactor (SR) arrester near the valve hall could be removed to improve the scheme’s economic performance.     

锦屏—苏南±800kV特高压直流输电工程交流滤波器优化设计(英文)

In DC transmission systems,AC filters can effectively reduce the hazards of harmonics,and compensate the reactive power requirements of the converters,thus the type and parameter choice of the filters is important.Therefore,based on the system conditions of Jinping-Sunan ±800 kV UHV DC(ultra-high voltage direct current) transmission project and the main harmonics,three types of filters were designed.The parameters of filter components were determined according to the reactive power compensation.By calculating the filter performance and rating,the results show that the parallel tuning with greatly over-currents appears in the low-voltage arm of BP11/13 filter.In order to avoid this kind of danger,a filter named BP11/BP13 is designed.Studies show that this type of filter can fully meet the filter performance requirements and avoid the over-current.It is concluded that the filter BP11/BP13 can reduce the rating of the components and enhance the stability in the long-term operation.     

陕西地区配电线路新型防雷装置研究与应用

针对陕西地区配电线路避雷器防雷效果不理想这一现状,提出一种多腔室雷击闪络限制器。该装置防雷性能优异,采用吹弧原理,熄弧能力强。经过试验,确定其串联级数为26级,电极直径8 mm,电极间隙1 mm,主间隙距离取45 mm时能可靠动作。工频湿耐受电压、50%雷电冲击动作电压、雷电冲击伏秒特性以及工频续流遮断能力均满足标准要求。装置在陕西地区典型线路上运行良好,防雷效果优异。     

Lightning overvoltage protection of AC railroad vehicles bypolymeric arresters

In order to improve the operational reliability of AC railroad vehicles, ZnO surge arresters are used to protect them against overvoltages. The most serious threat to arresters installed on the roof of an AC railroad vehicle is the lightning overvoltage. When lightning strikes the mast or conductors, the distribution system can be treated as a system of multiple conductors including feeders, messenger wires, contact wires, protective wires and two tracks. The lightning impulse discharge current through the arrester and the absorbed impulse discharging energy by arrester in the actual field operation and the protective effect of arrester were analyzed by EMTP and discussed when lightning strikes the mast or distribution lines. When the arrester Is installed on the roof of a railroad vehicle, the potential difference on the primary side of high voltage transformer inside the vehicle is suppressed below 150 kV under very serious condition     

35 kV FZ型避雷器不动作原因分析

雷击能造成极高的冲击电压,对电力设备绝缘有重大威胁,一直是电力系统中造成事故的重要因素,使用避雷器防御雷害是主要手段之一,但并不能做到百分之百的成功,长治电力系统襄垣站由于雷击对电气设备造成了损害,故障后检查,避雷器没有动作.     

输电线路多脉冲雷电响应探讨

架空输电线路在电力系统中作为用户与发电厂的连接枢纽,线路可靠防雷与安全运行尤为重要。分析由输电线路上测得的雷电数据,证实了多脉冲雷电的存在,统计并分析雷电波前时间、波尾时间、极性及幅值参数。电磁暂态仿真软件ATP-EMTP对多脉冲雷电、架空输电线路、杆塔、绝缘子串、避雷器建立仿真模型。仿真分别计算在线路是否安装避雷器时,在单脉冲和多脉冲下发生直击和反击时的响应情况。比较两种不同脉冲雷电下线路过电压的差别。仿真分析表明:避雷器能有效的限制雷电过电压的幅值,并且在多脉冲雷电冲击时,输电线路会出现更高的雷电过电压,且持续时间更长的现象,使其防雷形势更加严峻。     

氧化锌避雷器分布式测量装置的研究

为了改进氧化锌避雷器传统测量方法和现有状态监测系统传输方式存在的弊端,提出一种氧化锌避雷器分布式测量装置。将PT二次侧电压、阻性基波电流和阻性三次谐波电流作为判定氧化锌避雷器性能的参考参数,采用AT91RM9200为核心处理器,通过对PT二次侧电压、阻性基波电流和阻性三次谐波电流的提取、采集、分析,利用Wi-Fi进行通信传输,最终在基于LABVIEW软件设计的终端处显示各判定参数的实时采集波形。通过实验验证,本设计不仅保证了对避雷器性能状态进行在线监测的准确性,并通过Wi-Fi进行通信传输提高了分布式测量的可靠性,实现简单,满足实际需求。     

线路遭受连续雷击造成断路器事故分析

介绍一起由于线路遭受连续雷击造成线路断路器发生断口击穿的事故,基于雷电波传播理论,分析了致使断路器断口击穿的原因,又根据现场实际情况,建立一个仿真模型,利用过电压计算软件EMTP(Electromagnetic Transient Program)对该模型进行仿真分析,理论分析和模拟仿真证明,如果断路器断口很容易被雷电过电压击穿,针对此类情况,提出在断路器进(出)线侧安装金属氧化锌避雷器,如变电站内无安装位置,可在线路终杆塔上安装带间隙的氧化锌避雷器。     

一起110kV母线避雷器泄漏电流超标的原因分析

某220kV变电站雷雨后,巡视发现110kV北母B相避雷器泄漏电流超标,通过用红外线成像仪测温中发现内部发热缺陷,分析为避雷器顶部密封不良,进水受潮,引起氧化锌阀片绝缘下降,及时进行了停电处理;停电后进一步进行高压试验测试,发现B相避雷器泄漏电流值过大,认定内部绝缘有局部击穿现象,故更换了B相避雷器,检查其它两相正常后,投入了运行,避免了一次110kV母线事故的发生。     

500kV变电站雷击保护的建模分析

笔者利用国际先进的图形化电磁暂态计算程序ATPDraw3.5进行500kV变电站雷击过电压的建模研究。在研究时将变电站和进线段结合起来,考虑雷击点的近雷区和远雷区、雷击杆塔绝缘子串冲击伏秒特性、线路上的感应过电压、工频过电压和进线段杆塔冲击接地电阻等因素的影响,从而对雷电侵入波系统进行建模分析。这为防护雷电过电压、保护电气设备提供了有价值的参考依据,为高压变电所雷击保护研究分析提供了有效的方法。     

Development of weatherproof mobile impulse voltage generator and its application to experiments on nonlinearity of grounding resistance

This paper describes a newly developed impulse voltage generator (IG). It has the following features: (1) The IG consists of three components (a 1.6 MV unit, a 1.4-MV unit and a base box); this facilitates mounting on 10-ton trucks, therefore making it easier to move to a test field. (2) Capacitors, discharge gaps and a control unit are enclosed in fiber-reinforced plastics, making it possible to use the IG in all weather. (3) The IG can generate several ten kA when a load is a few ten Ω. (4) Composition of the circuits for lightning/switching impulse voltage/current tests can be easily done by changing the damping and discharge resistance cassettes. Control and data acquisition are made by personal computer. For IG application during an outdoor test, this paper presents the characteristics of resistances of a 77-kV substation grounding and a concrete pole when applying a high impulse current. The resistances are dependent on the crest value of the applied current.     

110kV变压器中性点雷击过电压分析

110kV电网在全国覆盖范围大,线路和变电站容易遭受雷击,雷电波沿输电线路侵入或直击变电站在变压器中性点上产生过电压,对中性点绝缘构成威胁,因此研究雷击下变压器中性点过电压表现特性及引入过电压保护设备后的限压效果具有实际意义。根据某110kV变电站接线情况,结合雷击过电压理论及110kV变压器中性点绝缘性能,利用电磁暂态分析程序ATP对雷击线路雷电波侵入变电站和雷直击变电站情况下变压器中性点过电压进行仿真,分析变压器中性点过电压值及引入氧化锌避雷器后限制过电压情况,提出了增大变压器中性点避雷器通流容量限制中性点雷击过电压的措施。