活性碳纤维的性能及发展现状

介绍了活性碳纤维的吸附机理,阐述了活性碳纤维的性能特点,并对活性碳纤维发展现状进行了综述。     

负载金属改性活性碳纤维材料制备及吸碘性能

以活性碳纤维（ACF）为原料,采用浸渍法制备了负载金属银的改性活性碳纤维（Ag-ACF）,并通过测定吸附材料在77 K的氮气吸附等温线对改性前后材料的比表面积和孔结构进行了表征.研究并比较了活性碳纤维在负载金属银后对碘的吸附性能,结果表明,在活性碳纤维上负载适量的金属银,可以显著地提高活性碳纤维对碘的吸附容量,原因是由于金属银对活性碳纤维比表面积和表面化学性质的修饰,并提高了活性碳纤维对碘的吸附势.     

活性碳纤维研究与应用的最新进展

在简介活性碳纤维制造的基础上，本文综述了活性碳纤维吸附特性研究的最新进展，给出了活性碳纤维近年来的一些应用。     

活性碳纤维的制备及性能表征

研究活性碳纤维的KOH活化法与H3PO4 活化法 ,比较两种活化方法的活化条件 ,用碘值、苯值测定了活性碳纤维的吸附性能。结果显示KOH活化的活性碳纤维无论是比表面积 ,还是吸附能力上 ,都优于H3PO4 活化的活性碳纤维。     

活性碳纤维净化空气研究概述

室内空气污染严重危害人们的健康,活性碳纤维是优良的净化空气材料。本文简要介绍了活性碳纤维的种类、性能,综述了活性碳纤维在净化空气方面的原理与应用。     

吸附分离功能活性碳纤维的应用及研究进展

吸附分离功能活性碳纤维以其独特的性能在吸附分离领域有着极其广泛的应用.综述了吸附分离功能活性碳纤维在各个方面的应用及研究进展,并介绍了纳米活性碳纤维的制备方法.     

活性碳纤维的研究开发与应用

在简介活性碳纤维制备的基础上，对活性碳纤维的液，气相吸附特性进行了说明，概述了活性碳纤维的主要应用，并介绍了国内研究开发简况。     

新型活性碳纤维织物

专利:新型活性碳纤维织物申请(专利)号:CN200920271789.9申请日:2009.11.20申请(专利权)人:江苏苏通碳纤维有限公司发明(设计)人:陈植民摘要:本实用新型公开了一种新型活性碳纤维织物,包括针织物层,针织物层通过粘合材料层与活性碳纤维织物层复合。本实用新型结构合理,     

活性碳纤维理化性能测试的几种方法

归纳了活性碳纤维理化性能测试的几种方法,包括活性碳纤维预氧化程度的测试方法、活性碳纤维碘吸附值测试法、四氯化碳蒸气吸附率测试法和采用BET容量法的比表面积测试法等,有利于工厂和科研参考与应用.     

制备粘胶基活性碳纤维的最佳工艺条件研究

对粘胶基活性碳纤维制备中影响制得率的各个因素进行了研究,探索了粘胶基活性碳纤维的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,控制合适的磷酸盐浓度及其浸泡时间、预氧化温度和时间、炭化温度等工艺参数,可获得较高制得率的活性碳纤维。     

Influence of carding and drawing processes on orientation of fibers in slivers

The orientation of fibers is known to play a very important role in determining the quality of the carded and drawn slivers as well as the quality of the ultimate yarns produced from those slivers. Also, the orientation of fibers is considered to be a very useful parameter for evaluating the effectiveness of the carding and drawing processes in aligning the fibers. In addition, the orientation of fibers is known to determine the length utilization of the fibers in the slivers. This article reports on the influence of carding and drawing processes on the orientation of fibers in the carded and drawn slivers. A series of carded and drawn slivers were prepared by using polyester staple fibers and making various changes in the carding and drawing processes and the orientation of fibers in the slivers was evaluated based on Lindsley’s methodology in conjunction with a mathematical model of fiber orientation in slivers. It was observed that the increase in cylinder speed and the decrease in doffer speed resulted in more anisotropic fiber orientation distribution in the carded slivers and the degree of anisotropy was found to be more in the forward direction as compared to the backward direction of the carded slivers. The higher draft and doubling in the drawframe resulted in higher anisotropy in the orientation of fibers in the drawn slivers and the drawn slivers displayed more anisotropy in the backward direction as compared to the forward direction. The higher delivery speed of the drawframe resulted in higher anisotropy in fiber orientation in the drawn slivers and the drawn slivers exhibited more anisotropy in the backward direction as compared to the forward direction. The results of fiber orientation in the carded and drawn slivers obtained by using the mathematical model were compared to the fiber orientation parameters suggested by earlier researchers and a satisfactory correlation between them was observed.     

Retention of mineral constituents in frozen brassicas depending on the method of preliminary processing of the raw material and preparation of frozen products for consumption

The content of ash, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined in four species of brassicas: Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and green and white cauliflowers. The investigation covered the raw material, the material blanched or cooked before freezing and frozen products after 12 months of refrigerated storage and prepared for consumption. Frozen products were obtained by the traditional method of freezing the blanched material or by the modified method of freezing the cooked material. The processing of vegetables before freezing (washing, grinding, blanching or cooking) caused statistically significant decreases in most constituents analysed. Blanching did not basically change the content of sodium and calcium; or that of chromium in both types of cauliflower; copper and nickel in white cauliflower; and nickel and phosphorus in Brussels sprouts. Cooking in brine, however, caused increases in the content of ash, sodium and calcium in white cauliflower, decreases in the content of potassium and iron and, in some species, of the remaining constituents. In comparison with the traditional method, a greater content of most analysed elements was found in frozen products obtained by the modified technology and prepared for consumption. However, no significant differences were noted in the level of chromium in all the samples; in the level of calcium in broccoli and green cauliflower; of nickel in broccoli; of nickel, copper and zinc in white cauliflower; and of copper in green cauliflower.     

Organic and inorganic anions in Shiraz and Chardonnay grape berries and wine as affected by rootstock under saline conditions

Background and Aims: Rootstocks influence the inorganic ion and organic acid composition of grapes of the scion variety. The aim was to investigate the impact of rootstocks on the inter-relationship of inorganic ions and organic acid anions in the skin and pulp of grapes and in resultant wine. Methods and Results: Vines were irrigated with water having electrical conductivities in the range 1.6–2.1 dS/m. Chloride, sodium, potassium, malic and tartaric acid concentrations were higher in almost all cases in skin than in pulp. Significant positive correlations existed between chloride and sodium concentrations in both pulp and skin. A significant negative linear regression existed between malic acid and both chloride and sodium concentrations in skin of Chardonnay berries. There were positive linear regressions in chloride concentration between berry (pulp and skin) and resultant wine chloride in both Chardonnay and Shiraz. Conclusion: The higher malic acid and lower chloride concentrations in skin of most grafted Chardonnay and Shiraz vines, and vice versa for own rooted vines, may indicate competition for similar transporter proteins involved in loading into skins. Alternatively, higher salt concentrations in skins may be associated with accelerated malic acid catabolism. Significance of the Study: Chloride-excluding rootstocks demonstrated advantages through reduced chloride (but not sodium) in pulp and skin of grape berries and in resultant wines. Where rootstocks reduced chloride concentrations in skin of grape berries, there is potential for higher malic acid in skin and in the resultant red wines.     

THIOLS AND DISULPHIDES IN QUIESCENT AND GERMINATING BARLEY GRAINS,BOTH DORMANT AND MATURE

Reduced and oxidised glutathione, cysteine, cystine and traces (too small to quantify) of γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinylglycine were detected, in about the same amounts, in extracts of the embryos of dormant and mature barleys. During micromalting the levels of the thiols and disulphides altered in various ways, but altered in the same ways in dormant and mature samples of grain until germination began. An early decline in the glutathione content of embryos was mirrored by a rise in the amount in degermed grains. Histochemical tests and analyses of isolated tissues showed that in the quiescent grains thiols were concentrated in the embryo (particularly the scutellum) and in the aleurone layer and isolated embryos released thiols into an incubation medium. We conclude that the endogenous thiols and disulphides are not obviously involved in the regulation of dormancy.     

不同生态条件下的烤烟硼营养研究

在我国7个主产烟省采用"统一栽培法",研究了各生态条件下烤烟营养中硼的积累与分配规律.试验结果表明,烤烟叶片、烟杈(芽)中硼含量明显高于根、茎,其含量以北方高于南方;而根、茎中硼含量正好相反.硼素的积累过程呈明显的Logistic生长曲线关系.大田生长前期南北烟区烟株中硼素积累特征基本一致,但在栽后30 d以后北方烟区烟株中积累量和积累速率远远高于南方烟区.烟株中硼素积累量占全株总积累量的比例为栽后60 d以前南方烟区高于北方烟区,以后则是北方烟区高于南方烟区.在我国南北烟区烟株含硼量(浓度)无明显的差异,但硼积累量差异明显.土壤pH、全氪和速效氮对烟株硼的积累有一定的促进作用,土壤有机质升高则对烟株中硼的积累不利;平均气温、最高温度、10cm地温和日照时数与烟株硼的积累呈正相关.     

云南不同烟区烟叶中有机酸及乙醚提取挥发性成分含量研究

研究了云南省不同地区、不同品种及不同成熟度,不同部位烟叶中有机酸及乙醚提取挥发性成分含量.经分析得出,红河地区的烟叶有机酸含量较高,昆明、大理地区较低,但挥发性成分含量相反,大理地区最高,红河地区较低,玉溪、楚雄、昆明居中.评吸得分玉溪、大理地区烟叶相对好于其它地区.品种中以V2的有机酸含量最高,NC82的有机酸含量最低,挥发性成分含量相反,NC82较高,V2较低,云烟85、K326、红花大金元居中.初熟和适熟烟叶中有较高的挥发性成分含量,有机酸含量也较稳定,未熟和过熟烟叶中有机酸和挥发性成分依品种而定.对不同部位的烟叶,上部烟叶有较高的挥发性成分含量,中、下部烟叶次之,有机酸含量则中部叶最高,上、下部叶次之.     

Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China

BACKGROUND: Crops grown in soils contaminated by heavy metals are an important avenue for toxic metals entering the human food chain. The objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north‐west China. RESULTS: The concentrations of Cd in the roots of wheat plants were about 5, 14 and 8 times higher than those in the shoots, shells and grains, respectively. The concentrations of Pb in the roots were about 23, 76 and 683 times higher than those in the shoots, shells and grains, respectively. Grains contained 11–14% and 0.1–0.2% of Cd and Pb found in roots of wheat plants. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the ratio of metal concentration in plant tissues and metal concentration in their rooted soils. The average BCF of Cd and Pb in grains was 0.6270 and 0.0007. Cd and Pb contents in different parts of wheat plants mainly correlated with the bound‐to‐carbonate metal fractions in contaminated arid soils. CONCLUSION: The preliminary study indicated that Cd and Pb were predominantly accumulated and distributed in wheat roots and shoots, and only a small proportion of these metals can reach the grains. The carbonate fractions mainly contributed to Cd and Pb bioavailability in contaminated arid soils. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Varietal differences in the mineral composition of bulked samples of fruit from Cox's Orange Pippin,Crispin (Mutsu) and Spartan apple trees

Concentrations of dry matter, nitrogen and major mineral constituents in samples of Cox's Orange Pippin and Crispin fruit from interplanted trees were measured for 4 years. Similar measurements were made over a 6 year period in Cox and Spartan fruit samples from trees interplanted in another orchard. Concentrations varied greatly in all varieties from year to year. In comparison with Cox, fruit calcium concentrations were higher for a given mean mass per apple in Crispin in all years and in Spartan for 4 of the 6 years at harvest. Concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus were lower in Crispin and Spartan than in Cox fruit at harvest in all years, but dry matter and sodium concentrations differed only in some years. Changes in concentrations during fruit growth were measured in 2 years for each comparison. Differences between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in either Crispin or Spartan and Cox apples were evident throughout fruitlet enlargement in both years. Calcium concentrations were higher in Crispin and Spartan fruitlets than in Cox fruitlets of equivalent mass. Variations in the concentrations of potassium, magnesium and calcium from tree to tree were greater for Cox than Crispin samples but relationships between potassium and magnesium concentrations were similar for both varieties.     

贵州云雾茶园土壤高含量重金属和砷在茶叶中的积累与浸出特征

为了研究土壤高含量重金属和砷在茶叶中的积累与浸出行为,选择贵州省云雾土壤高含量重金属和砷茶园,采集了土壤和茶叶样品各46个,对土壤-茶叶-茶汤系统重金属和砷进行分析。结果表明：云雾茶园土壤重金属Cd、Hg和As均有部分超出土壤二级标准限量值,超标率分别为80.4%、69.6%和8.7%,该茶园土壤存在严重的Cd和Hg污染。但是,茶叶和茶汤的重金属和砷并未超标,茶叶对不同土壤重金属和砷的富集能力为Cu＞Cd＞Hg＞Pb＞Cr＞As,茶叶-茶汤系统重金属和砷浸出率最高的元素为Hg,不同重金属和砷的浸出率为Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd＞Cr,Hg和Cu在土壤-茶叶-茶汤系统具有较大富集系数和浸出率。     

海南茶叶与茶树花氨基酸含量对比分析

主要对比分析了海南五指山、白沙、保亭、琼中、定安5个主要茶产区的茶叶与茶树花中氨基酸总量及氨基酸组成。结果表明:各茶产区茶叶中氨基酸总量均明显高于茶树花,各产区茶叶与茶树花在氨基酸总量上差值接近;不同产区茶叶中的16种氨基酸的组成比例非常接近,不同产区茶树花中的16种氨基酸组成比例也非常接近,组成比例中占比最高的氨基酸是谷氨酸,占比最低的氨基酸是蛋氨酸;茶叶中谷氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸4种氨基酸占比高于茶树花;茶叶中丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸4种氨基酸占比低于茶树花,其余氨基酸在茶叶和茶树花中的占比较为接近。