封隔器密封胶筒的尺寸优化

封隔器参数的选取对其工作性能至关重要,合理选择胶筒的形状尺寸可有效避免因应力集中、残余变形而导致的密封失效或起出困难。讨论了密封胶筒端面倒角、胶筒长度对接触应力的影响,进而分析两者对胶筒密封性能的影响。结果表明,40°~50°区间的倒角有助于提高胶筒与套管内壁之间的接触应力;增加密封胶筒长度,会造成接触应力下降。     

扭转载荷对压裂用封隔器胶筒密封性能的影响

利用有限元分析软件建立封隔器胶筒模型,分析单一轴向载荷和轴向、扭转载荷共同作用下,胶筒与套管之间的接触应力及其沿轴向的分布规律,最大接触应力随胶筒端面角、子厚度、筒高3个结构参数和摩擦因数的变化,以及施加不同扭转载荷时对胶筒密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:在单一轴向载荷作用下,最大接触应力随倾斜角度增大先减小后增大,随子厚度的增加先增加后减小,随筒高的增加而减小,随摩擦因数增大先减小后增大;施加扭转载荷后,不同端面角、子厚度、筒高下胶筒的最大接触应力整体降低且波动较大,随摩擦因数增大胶筒接触面之间的摩擦力增大,加速了胶筒磨损和老化;不同扭转载荷作用下胶筒最大接触应力值波动较大,导致密封性能不稳定。因此,扭转载荷使得胶筒密封性降低,导致最大接触应力波动较大,使胶筒的密封性能存在不稳定性。     

悬挂式封隔器密封胶筒的密封性能研究

根据悬挂式封隔器密封胶筒的结构和工作特点,分析封隔器在初封和工作阶段胶筒的密封原理及其相应的自由变形、约束变形和稳定变形3种状况下的密封特性。建立胶筒密封性能分析的理论模型,应用压力法分析胶筒在约束变形和稳定变形阶段的材料、几何和应力变化等非线性关系,得出密封面接触应力分布的计算模型,并确立应用封隔器胶筒密封面接触应力判断胶筒密封性能的判别准则。建立悬挂式封隔器胶筒密封的有限元模型,有限元仿真与数值计算得到的密封面接触压力的大小和分布形状具有较好的一致性,证明了建立的理论模型的有效性。     

封隔压差与间隙对封隔器胶筒性能的影响

为探讨封隔压差和封隔间隙对封隔器胶筒封隔性能的影响,应用有限元分析软件,研究不同封隔压差和间隙下胶筒的Von Mises应力分布、胶筒与套管壁间接触应力的分布以及胶筒的变形情况。结果表明:随着封隔压差的增大,胶筒上端部的Von Mises应力值不断增大,胶筒失效的可能性增加,但胶筒与套管壁的接触应力值增大,胶筒的封隔能力增强;随着封隔间隙的增大,胶筒上端Von Mises应力值增大,胶筒剪切失效的可能性增加,且胶筒与套管壁的接触应力减小,胶筒的封隔能力下降。设计出一种蜗形状防突装置,分析其对胶筒封隔性能的影响。结果表明:蜗形保护环能有效地防止胶筒端部突出,且胶筒的应力分布更均匀,胶筒与套管壁间的接触应力值更大,提高了胶筒的封隔能力。     

封隔压差与间隙对胶筒的性能影响研究

为探讨封隔压差和封隔间隙对封隔器胶筒封隔性能的影响,应用有限元分析软件,研究不同封隔压差和间隙下胶筒的Von Mises应力分布、胶筒与套管壁间接触应力的分布以及胶筒的变形情况。结果表明：随着封隔压差的增大,胶筒上端部的Von Mises应力值不断增大,胶筒失效的可能性增加,但胶筒与套管壁的接触应力值增大,胶筒的封隔能力增强;随着封隔间隙的增大,胶筒上端Von Mises应力值增大,胶筒剪切失效的可能性增加,且胶筒与套管壁的接触应力减小,胶筒的封隔能力下降。设计出一种蜗形状防突装置,分析其对胶筒封隔性能的影响。结果表明：蜗形保护环能有效地防止胶筒端部突出,且胶筒的应力分布更均匀,胶筒与套管壁间的接触应力值更大,提高了胶筒的封隔能力。     

压缩式封隔器异型胶筒密封性能分析

为了提高油田分层开采特别是非常规油气完井技术中使用的封隔器常规胶筒的密封性能,使其应力分布更均匀,通过在胶筒与中心管接触一侧的中间开设小圆槽,设计出几种具有不同半径小圆槽的异型胶筒。采用非线性有限元方法,利用 ANSYS 分析软件建立封隔器胶筒有限元模型,对比分析常规胶筒和异型胶筒的密封性能,并研究圆槽半径对封隔器密封性能的影响。结果表明：异型胶筒最大接触应力明显高于常规胶筒,且接触应力分布均匀,因此其密封性能高于常规胶筒;在一定范围内,圆槽半径对接触应力影响不大,但圆槽半径过大会降低封隔器的密封性,应根据现场实际情况来确定圆槽半径。     

封隔器胶筒密封性能影响因素分析

利用罚函数法将接触面约束条件引入势能泛函,建立封隔器胶筒有限元方程,采用Newmark法进行数值求解,分析封隔器胶筒几何参数和物理参数对封隔器密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:胶筒与套管间接触压力随胶筒长度的增加而增大,这种增长趋势在胶筒长度达到一定数值后趋于减缓;胶筒与套管间接触压力随胶筒厚的增加而增大,而压缩变形随胶筒厚度增加而逐渐减小;胶筒的材料参数设计要求在满足密封要求的前提下,选择较大的胶筒材料系数。     

压缩式胶筒结构优化及裸眼密封性能分析

压缩式封隔器广泛用于油田分层开采工艺，其胶筒的坐封通过高压流体作用在活塞上压缩胶筒或管柱来实现。现场作业发现：压缩式胶筒离载荷端较远，且大多采用单向加载，导致坐封不完全，接触应力与密封性能系数较低。针对上述问题，基于Mooney-Rivlin超弹模型、胶管变形及接触非线性理论，建立压缩式胶筒组有限元计算模型,从内衬套和防肩突结构开展单因素分析，并对其裸眼密封性能进行研究，结果表明：三角形内衬套能有效提高胶筒中部接触应力；金属圆环防突结构能提高胶筒密封性能系数；与常规压缩式封隔器相比，优化后的压缩式封隔器密封性能显著提高；裸眼井壁的不规则程度在一定范围内时，对封隔器的密封性能影响不大。     

封隔器胶筒接触应力的有限元分析

通过实测封隔器胶筒所用橡胶材料的应力应变数据，在ANSYS有限元分析软件中用超弹性本构模型对实验数据进行拟合，通过比较选择了能更精确描述封隔器胶筒的应力应变关系的Yeoh模型，进而对封隔器压缩式胶筒的接触应力进行了数值模拟，得到接触应力沿轴向的分布情况。     

双向压缩式新型封隔器密封性能研究

针对常规封隔器存在的接触应力分布不均匀、胶筒密封不实等问题,提出一种双向压缩式封隔器。该封隔器采用组合结构胶筒的形式,并采用在胶筒两侧同时对向均匀压缩的新型加载方式。采用ANSYS软件建立双向压缩封隔器胶筒有限元模型,研究分析该新型封隔器的密封性能,并与常规封隔器进行比较。结果表明:双向压缩式封隔器胶筒平均接触应力明显高于常规胶筒(高20%左右),接触区域更大,接触区域上的接触应力分布更均匀,胶筒的变形稳定,密封性能更好。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.